高考英語語法精講與精練：第七章 非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、高考英語語法精講與精練：第七章 非謂語動(dòng)詞第七章 非謂語動(dòng)詞精講與精練一、非謂語動(dòng)詞講前練：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式或用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~（1個(gè)）填空Let children learn 1_ (judge) their own work. A child 2_(learn) to talk does not learn by 3_(correct) all the time; if 4_(correct) too much, he will stop 5_(talk). He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his langua

2、ge and others language. Bit by bit, he makes the right changes 6_(make) his language like other peoples.In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by 7_(compare) their own behaviors with those of more 8_(skill) people, and slowly make t

3、he 9_(need) changes.But in school teachers never give a child a chance 10_(find) out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him 11 _(correct) himself. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would fail 12 _(notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him. They act as i

4、f the student would never correct it unless 13_(make) to. Soon he 14_(become) dependent on the teacher. So we should let him 15_ (realize) his own mistakes and work out what the answer is to that problem with the help of other children .Key:1. to judge 2. learning 3. being corrected 4. corrected 5.

5、talking 6. to make7. comparing 8. skilled 9. needed 10. to find11. to correct 12. to notice 13. made 14. becomes 15.realize二、非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)精講：非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的判定1、利用動(dòng)詞的形式判斷謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞。1）各時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式(見時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)一章), 注意:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do是謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式2）非謂語動(dòng)詞：to do / doing /doneEG:When ice is heated, it can turn into water.Heat

6、ed, ice can turn into water.The children are working hard on the farm, singing and laughing.2、一個(gè)句子中，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)謂語動(dòng)詞又沒有連詞的情況下。還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，需要用非謂語動(dòng)詞。EG:The man took out the key, opened the door and entered the room.The question discussed at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.考點(diǎn)對練1:判斷下列劃線動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞

7、1、We found the girl sitting in the armchair.2、The students went into the hall, following their teacher.3、The meeting held yesterday was of great importance.4、She sat at the window, reading a magazine.5、Work hard and you will succeed.非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)2、非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語1、非謂語動(dòng)詞雖然不作謂語，但依然保留著動(dòng)詞的特征，就是動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作一定有“執(zhí)行者”，及物動(dòng)詞

8、表達(dá)的動(dòng)作會(huì)有一個(gè)“承受者”。非謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和承受者就是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語或賓語。比如：EG：We will have many difficult problems to deal with.我們會(huì)有許多棘手問題需要處理。（To deal with的執(zhí)行者（邏輯主語）是句子主語we，承受者（賓語）是problems）EG：The problem to be dealt with is how we can get the text books.（To be dealt with的承受者the problems變成了邏輯主語, 由于不定式用的是被動(dòng)形式，因此沒有賓語）2、如何確定非謂語動(dòng)

9、詞的邏輯主語非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子里作“狀語”時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是句中主語。EG：Not knowing what to do next, we went to the teacher for help. 因?yàn)椴恢老乱徊皆趺崔k，我們?nèi)デ笾蠋煛＃ㄗ髟驙钫Z的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語（not knowing what to do next）的邏輯主語（執(zhí)行者）是句子主語we）非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子里作“定語”時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞或代詞。EG：The building built last year is our library.非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子里作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就賓語。EG:When we

10、 enter the classroom, we found Tom seated on his chair.非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)3、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)及其基本性質(zhì)非謂語形式時(shí)態(tài)（主動(dòng)）時(shí)態(tài)（被動(dòng)）表達(dá)的時(shí)間概念不定式to doto be done將來（即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后）to be doing正在進(jìn)行（與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）to have doneto have been done過去（即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前）現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞doingbeing done正在進(jìn)行（與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）having donehaving been done過去（即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前）過去分詞done過去（

11、即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前）例如：EG1: He hope to finish reading the book tonight.EG2: She pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.EG3: He pretended to have forgotten the conversation that night.他假裝已經(jīng)忘記了那晚的對話。EG4: It is impossible for him to be appointed.他不可能被任命。EG5: They stood by the roadside talking about

12、the plan.他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個(gè)計(jì)劃。EG6: Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.沒有收到答復(fù)他決定再寫一遍EG7: The building being built is our new teaching building.EG8: The building built last year is our science building.非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)4、非謂語動(dòng)詞其它?？伎键c(diǎn)1、只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語mind（介意）， escape（逃脫）， miss（想念，錯(cuò)過）， enjoy（喜歡），practi

13、se（練習(xí)），prevent（預(yù)防），dislike(不喜歡)，admit（承認(rèn)）， suggest（建議）=advise=recommend， keep（保持），consider（考慮）， cant help(情不自禁)，cant stand(不能忍受)， risk（冒險(xiǎn)）， resist（抵抗，反對），give up (放棄)， avoid（避免），appreciate（欣賞），finish（完成），imagine(想象)記憶口訣：memep喜歡承認(rèn)skrgafi (諧音：妹妹不喜歡承認(rèn)吃顆?？Х?2、只接to do做賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語hope（希望）, want（想）, offer（主動(dòng)提

14、出做.，提供）, long（渴望）, fail（失敗，未能做.）, expect（期待）, wish(希望), ask（要求）, decide（決定）, pretend（假裝）, manage（成功設(shè)法做.）, agree(同意), afford（負(fù)擔(dān)得起）, determine（決定）, promise（承諾）, happen（碰巧）， refuse(拒絕) seem/appear(似乎)3、Sth. need/want/require（需要）+doing (某物需要被)= Sth. need/want/require（需要）+to be doneEG: The classroom need

15、s cleaning=The classroom needs to be cleaned.4、同一動(dòng)詞后接to與doing的不同用法to do 和doing 做賓語意義相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regret to do記得/忘記/很遺憾要做（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing記得/忘記/后悔做過（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）try doing

16、（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意思是，意味著）cant help （to） do（不能幫忙做）cant help doing（忍不住要做）considerto be認(rèn)為是consider doing考慮做某事5、非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：常見動(dòng)詞搭配含義與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例句ask,beg,expect,order,tell, allow,invitewant,wish,encourage+sb. to do要求、乞求、希望、命令、告訴、想要、希望、鼓勵(lì)某人做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生The teacher encourag

17、ed him to try his best to learn English well.makelethave+sb. do使/讓某人做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。do前省略to,用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，to要用上Why not make Tom do the job for you?He often makes his sister cry but today he is made to cry by her.+sb. doing使/讓某人一直做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。While washing your hands,dont make the water running all the time.+sb/sth. do

18、ne使/讓某人/物被被動(dòng)關(guān)系Ill have my house painted next week.seenoticewatchobservehear+sb. do看見某人經(jīng)常做某事/ 某人做了某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。do前省略to,用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，to要用上We often hear him sing the same song.+sb. doing看見某人正在做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。When the teacher came in, he saw Jack playing games.+sb./sth. done看見某人/物被被動(dòng)關(guān)系This morning, I saw an old man knocke

19、d down by a car.find+sb. doing發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系I found her listening to the radio.+sb./sth. done發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物被被動(dòng)關(guān)系We found the village greatly changed.Leave/keep sb./sth. doing讓某人/物持續(xù)做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.6、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)for sb. to do sth.EG:It is necessary for to do something for protectin

20、g the environment.of sb. to do sth.(如果不定式前面的形容詞說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的特性時(shí)，其邏輯主語常用of引出。此類形容詞常見的有:kind, nice, good, polite, rude, patient, careful, wise, clever, selfish, cruel等)EG: It was cruel of them to eat rare wild animals.7、but/except to do sth.除了做.之外(當(dāng)but/except前出現(xiàn)行為動(dòng)詞do的適當(dāng)形式時(shí)，to通常省略)EG:My brother coul

21、d do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.8、其它非謂語動(dòng)詞?？嫉木湫蚾nly to do sth. (一個(gè)較為特殊的結(jié)果狀語，只限于表到意想不到的而且令人沮喪或失望的結(jié)果。如： He came back from the USA hurriedly only to find his girlfriend got married to another guy.)Its a waste of time doing sth. 做.是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間Its（no）fun doing sth. 做.（沒）有趣Its no good doing sth.做.沒

22、有好處Itsno use doing sth. 做是沒有用的be worth doing sth.是值得(被)做EG:It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。EG:It is a great fun playing football.踢足球很有趣。EG:It is a waste of time trying to explain.設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。spend/waste time (in) doing sth.花/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困難feel like + 名詞/動(dòng)名詞：“ 想要” =

23、would like to +原形動(dòng)詞EG:Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看電影嗎?be busy doing 忙著做 EG:I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙著寫論文。獨(dú)立成分generally speaking一般說來；frankly speaking坦白地說；judging from/by.根據(jù)來判斷；compared with/to.與.相比considering./o consideration考慮到；to tell you the truth說實(shí)話；to be honest說實(shí)話；三、考點(diǎn)應(yīng)考

24、技巧：1、要分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。2、要分清非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，同時(shí)要弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的時(shí)間概念。3、要牢記固定搭配與句型結(jié)構(gòu)。四、考點(diǎn)精練(一)單句語法填空1.【2021·全國甲卷】It is possible 43 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.Key:考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處為句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it為形式主語，動(dòng)詞walk的不定式短語作真正主語。故填to walk。2.【(2021·全國乙卷】Activities there range fr

25、om whale watching to hiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.Key:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：那里的活動(dòng)從觀鯨到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是對自然環(huán)境影響達(dá)到很小。固定短語aim to do譯為“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。3.【2021·新高考卷】But thats how nature is always leaving us 60 (astonish).Key: 考查過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換過來的形容詞。句意：但大自然就是這樣總是讓我們驚訝。此處是

26、“l(fā)eave +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”，補(bǔ)充說明賓語us的感受，應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞。故填astonished。3.【2021·新高考卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, stillit highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.Key:句意：雖然在上山的路上，這是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)，并且提供了一個(gè)你可以坐下來

27、休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子及語境可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞aching“正在疼痛的”修飾名詞legs，意為“疼痛的雙腿”。故填aching。4.【2021·浙江高考卷】Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 43 （plant）flowers in the front yard.Key:考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：瑪麗的妹妹弗朗西絲·托德·華萊士經(jīng)常來前院種花。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處作狀語；根據(jù)句意可知，此處是目的狀語；目的狀語用動(dòng)詞不定式表示；提示詞plant的不定式形式為to plant。

28、故填to plant。5.【2020·全國卷】Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change-466 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.Key:to find?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此空處是非謂語動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合句意可知,此處用不定式表示目的。6.【2020全國卷】They represent the earth 63. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginning

29、s. Key：coming?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。represent表示“代表”,后面接動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語,此處指它們代表大地復(fù)蘇以及對新的開始的美好祝愿。7.【2020全國卷】They make great gifts and you see them many times 65.(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Key：decorated。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處是“see+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。them作see的賓語,指代橘樹,和decorate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞decorated作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

30、8.【2020全國卷】They are easy 68.(care)for and make great presents. Key：to care?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞?！爸髡Z(具體的人或物)+be+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”是一個(gè)固定句型,表示主語的特征,其中動(dòng)詞不定式只能用主動(dòng)形式。此句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成it(形式主語)+be+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式。9.【2020全國卷】The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.Key:to find?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。set out開始,著手,出發(fā)。表達(dá)的是主語

31、的目的和行為,應(yīng)填to do不定式,即to find。10.【2020全國卷】 And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.Key:surrounding?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)and可知前后為兩個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞并列,與rising一致,作賓語補(bǔ)足語，與賓語clouds是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用surrounding。11.【2020·新高考卷】Visitors can play with com

32、puter simulations(模擬)and imaginethem living at a different time in history or 43 (walk)through a rainforest.Key:walking考查imagine(sb.) doing 的用法,同時(shí)有考查了并列結(jié)構(gòu)。12.【2019·全國卷】Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) co

33、nsistently over a large area.Key:to perform?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),后常跟不定式作狀語。13.【2019·全國卷】When we got a call 69 (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.Key:saying?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合句意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 (say)she was short-listed作定語修飾前面的名詞call,且與call之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故使用v.-ing形式。 14【2018全國卷】The government encourage

34、s farmers to grow corn instead of rice_(improve) water quality. Key:to improve15【2018全國卷】China's approach to protecting its environment while _ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele. Key:feeding1

35、6【2018全國卷】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. Key:looking17【】2018全國卷】Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay)and watch. Key:to stay18【2018浙江】I still remember_(visit) a friend who'd lived here for five ye

36、ars and I_(shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. Key:visiting /was shocked19【2018·北京改編】 _(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. Key:traveling20【2018·北京改編)6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather togethe

37、r _(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. Key: to share21【2018·北京改編】 Ordinary soap, _ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.Key:used22【2018·天津改編】 I didn't mean _(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help_(try) it. Key: to eat/trying2

38、3【2018·天津改編】I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs _(take).Key:taken24【2018·江蘇改編】Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. Key: exceeding(超出/過)25【2017·天津卷改編】The hospital has recently obt

39、ained new medical equipment, _ (allow)more patients to be treated. Key: allowing26【2017·天津改編】 I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _(catch). Key:to catch27【2017·江蘇卷改編】Many Chinese brands, _(develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges f

40、rom the modern market. Key:having developed28【2017·北京卷改編】Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ (save)their valuable time. Key: to save29【2017·北京卷改編】The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _(range)from butterflies to elephants. Key: ranging

41、30【2017·北京卷】Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _(spend)with his students. Key: spent31【2016·北京】 _(make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand. Key: To make(二)單句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)（每句至多兩處錯(cuò)誤）1.【2021年全國甲卷】Their answers also show that they dislike talk to ot

42、hers.Key:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。dislike doing sth. 表示不喜歡做某事。故talk 改為talking。2.【2021年全國乙卷】 I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.Key:考查謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞，此處混淆了謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句中的and可知，water和tidy應(yīng)為并列動(dòng)作，都是謂語動(dòng)詞，所以動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)該保持一致。故把tidying改為tidy。3.【2020·全國卷I】My mom told me how to pr

43、eparing it.Key:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我媽媽告訴我如何準(zhǔn)備這道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的賓語，to是不定式符號(hào)，后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形，故將preparing改為prepare。4.【2020·全國卷I】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.Key:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋。tomatoes與fry之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語，故將frying改為fried。5.【2020·全國卷III】 I

44、tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill.Key:句意：我告訴我媽媽，如果我們被迫吃東西，我們可能會(huì)生病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事，所以forced 后面加to。6.【2019·全國卷III】 If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.Key:考查動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。故把manage 改為managing。7.【2019·全國卷III】I want my

45、 cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty".Key:考查動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。want sb to do sth“ 想要某人做某事”。故在have前加to。8.【2018卷】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. Key:sell-selling9【2018卷】As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to wa

46、tching them, my parents would not to let me. Key:watching-watch/劃掉 to10【2018卷】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Key:wait-waiting11【2017·全國卷】The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” key:turning-T

47、urn12【201 7·全國卷】When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! Key:pick前加to13【2016年全國卷】My Classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. key: how-what take-taking14【2016年全國卷】 I showed them I was

48、 independent by wear strange clothes.Key: wear-wearing15【2015年浙江卷】I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. Key:sit-sitting16【2015年四川】It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. Key:want后加to17

49、【2015年全國】After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. key:looks-looking/where-that18【2015年陜西】“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” key: get前加to19【2014年全國卷II】All of us need friendship. The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar