陳述句、疑問句、否定句講解

1、. 陳述句v 重點：陳述句的五大基本結(jié)構(gòu)；陳述句的句型轉(zhuǎn)換；祈使句的含義。v 難點：陳述句的否定。1. 否定大多時候是找原句中的助動詞作文章，如果有助動詞或be動詞就否定在它們身上，若沒有需要判斷時態(tài)和人稱，借助do, did, does進行否定；2. think等表觀點詞的否定轉(zhuǎn)移；3. either.or等關(guān)聯(lián)詞的全否定。1. 陳述句概念和根本類型陳述句是用來陳述一件事或表達一種看法的句子。根據(jù)句中動詞的類型和后接賓語的情況，通常又可將陳述句劃分成一下五種形式：類型常見謂語動詞例句主語+不及物動詞S+Visleep, walk, happen, come,go, stay, arrive,

2、 laugh,等The boy slept for a long time.那個男孩睡了很久。主語+及物動詞+賓語S+Vt+Oraise, call, meet, eat, leave等Everyone knows the rule.每個人都知道這個規(guī)那么。主語+及物動詞+雙賓語S+Vt+O+Ogive pass, lend, send, show,buy, make, find, draw等Tommy gave me a present yesterday.湯米昨天送給我一個禮物。主語+及物動詞+賓語+補語S+Vt+O+Cmake, call, find, have, ask,tell, k

3、eep, want, hear等He found the movie interesting.他發(fā)現(xiàn)這部電影很有意思。主語+系動詞+表語S+V系動詞+Pbe, become, look, get, feel,see, turn, keep, sound等Tony felt happy.托尼感到很開心。v 注：S：主語；Vi：不及物動詞；Vt：及物動詞；P：表語；O：賓語；C：賓語補足語。2. 陳述句的否認構(gòu)造陳述句的否認一般否認在be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞上，如：I am not a doctor but a teacher.我不是一名醫(yī)生而是一個老師。I havent finished my

4、 homework yet.我還沒完成我的作業(yè)。I cant do it by myself.我不能獨立完成。 在以下幾種情況下，句子否認比較特殊，需要特別注意。1. 含有have的否認句1. have作實意動詞，表“有或“吃時，否認在前，根據(jù)時態(tài)用dont, doesnt或didnt否認，如：I didnt have lunch today.今天我沒吃午飯。2. have作為助動詞，即在完成時中，否認直接用havent既可，如：I havent been to China yet.我還沒去過中國。2. 含有all, both, each, bothand等的肯定句中，加not為部分否認；假設(shè)

5、表示全部否認需要把上述詞變成否認形式，即no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neithernor等詞，如：肯定：Both Tom and Jack are good students.湯姆和杰克都是好學(xué)生。否認：Neither Tom nor Jack is good student.湯姆和杰克都不是好學(xué)生。3. 句中含有already已經(jīng)，too也的肯定句加not變?yōu)榉裾J句時，要分別把already和too變?yōu)閥et和either，如：肯定：He has already finished his homework.他已經(jīng)完成了他的作業(yè)。否認：He hasnt

6、 finished his work yet.他尚未完成作業(yè)。4. 含有always, many, much, often等詞的肯定句可直接用neverhardly, few, little, seldom變?yōu)榉裾J句，而不用加not，如：肯定：He always gets up early in the morning.他早上總是早起。否認：He never gets up early in the morning.他早上從不早起。5. 在謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose的賓語從句中，否認賓語從句，應(yīng)該將否認放在主語，如：肯定：I think you are right.我

7、認為你是對的。否認：I dont think you are right.我認為你不對。 考點拓展之陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為疑問句疑問句部分會詳細介紹不同類型的疑問句，此處提一句陳述句如何轉(zhuǎn)換成疑問句。主要有以下兩個原那么：1. 假設(shè)陳述句中有be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞，我們只要把這次詞提到主語前即實現(xiàn)了句型的轉(zhuǎn)換，如：陳述句：He is a good student. 他是一個好學(xué)生。疑問句：Is he a good student? 他是個好學(xué)生么？2. 假設(shè)陳述句中沒有上述這些詞，我們需要判斷時態(tài)和人稱，將do，did，does放與句首用于疑問，如：陳述句：He plays basketball w

8、ell. 他籃球打的很好。疑問句：Does he play basketball well? 他籃球打的好么？例1. 根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。我將會把這封信寄給她。_. 例2. 將陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為否認句。1. I have a lot of money. 轉(zhuǎn)換為否認句_.2. All of us like this movie very much._. 例3. 將陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為疑問句。1. He is going swimming this weekend._.2. He likes playing football very much._.【答案詳解】例1. I will send this le

9、tter to her./ I will send her this letter. 考察主謂雙賓構(gòu)造和陳述句。send為主謂雙賓動詞，用send sth. to sb./ send sb. sth.； 例2. 1. I dont have a lot of money. 2. None of us likes this movie. 1. 考察陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換否認句。have作實意動詞，最簡單的方法就是用dont否認在前。2. 考察陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換否認句。all的全否認要用none，假設(shè)用not all那么表示“不都是意思有差異。例3. 1. Is he going swimming this week

10、end?2. Does he like playing football very much? 1. 考察陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換疑問句。句中有be動詞的陳述句，直接提早就可以變成疑問句。2.考察陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換疑問句。陳述句中沒有be動詞，情態(tài)動詞或助動詞，疑問句用do的相應(yīng)時態(tài)，人稱，提早到主語前。 1. I_ his name.A do not knowB no knowC know notD know no2. The tea _ good.A soundB tasteC soundsD tastes3. I _ my homework yet.A not have finishedB havent fi

11、nishedC have no finishedD dont have finished4. She told us an interesting story yesterday. It made all of us _.A to laughB to be laughingC laughedD laughing5. The boy was badly ill. He must be _ immediately.A sent to the hospitalB sent hospitalC sending to the hospitalD sending hospital6. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. He

12、did some work this morning. 改為否認句_.2. Neither Jane nor Maria can speak Chinese very well. 改為肯定句_.3. Sometimes you are supposed to come early. 改為否認句_.4. Both the students and their teacher enjoy this book. 改為否認句_.5. David has some Chinese lessons every week. 改為一般疑問句_. 【答案詳解】1 A 考察陳述句的否認。本句沒有助動詞，否認根據(jù)事

13、態(tài)用dont, didnt, doesnt否認在謂語動詞前，應(yīng)選A。2 D 考察陳述句構(gòu)造。句意：這茶喝著不錯。故排除AC；主語為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，應(yīng)選D。3 B 考察陳述句的否認。本句為完成時，含有助動詞have，直接否認在助動詞上就可以了，應(yīng)選B。4 D 考察陳述句根本構(gòu)造。本句為主謂賓賓補構(gòu)造，空中缺少補語，make后假設(shè)用不定式要省略to，排除AB；本句中是讓我們大家大笑，動詞要變成分詞來充當(dāng)補語，又此處笑為主動，用如今分詞，應(yīng)選D。5 A 考察陳述句構(gòu)造和被動語態(tài)。本句為主謂雙賓構(gòu)造，即send sb. to sp.；為被動，應(yīng)選A。6 1. He didnt do any

14、work this morning.2. Both Jane and Maria can speak Chinese very well.3. Sometimes you are not supposed to come early.4. Neither the students nor their teacher enjoys this book.5. Does David have any Chinese lessons every week? 1. 考察陳述句的否認。本句沒有助動詞，否認根據(jù)時態(tài)用dont, didnt, doesnt否認在謂語動詞前，本句為過去時，用didnt；否認疑問

15、用any。2. 考察陳述句否認。bothand并列主語否認需改為neithernor，反之亦然。3. 考察陳述句的否認。本句中有系動詞are，直接否認即可。4. 考察陳述句否認。bothand并列主語否認需改為neithernor，且謂語動詞就近一致，用單數(shù)形式。5. 考察陳述句轉(zhuǎn)疑問句。本句無助動詞，需要根據(jù)時態(tài)，用do, did, does提早進展疑問；又否認疑問句中用any。 回憶一下，本節(jié)課你是否獲得了新的知識了呢？ 總結(jié)一下，本節(jié)課帶給你哪些收獲？ 疑問句“Do you have the time？”可不是“有沒有沒有時間”“你有空嗎”英文表達應(yīng)該是“Do you have time

16、？”或者我們還可以說：Do you have a minute？Are you available？Can you spare some time？一、疑問句之一般疑問句所謂一般疑問句，就是可以用yes或no來答復(fù)的疑問句。1. 肯定形式的一般疑問句 此類一般疑問句的構(gòu)造為：“連系動詞be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他? 。如： Is he a good student? 他是一個好學(xué)生嗎? Yes，he is. 是的，他是。No，he isnt. 不，他不是。 Does he go to school by bike? 他騎自行車去上學(xué)嗎? Yes，he does. 是的，他騎。N

17、o，he doesnt. 不，他不騎。2. 否認形式的一般疑問句 此類一般疑問句主要表示反問或驚訝，通常在連系動詞be，情態(tài)動詞或助動詞后加not的縮略式nt，并放在句首。如： Arent you a writer? 難道你不是作家嗎? No，Im not. 是的，我不是。3. 用yes，no之外的詞答復(fù)的一般疑問句 一般疑問句也可用其他表示肯定或否認的詞答復(fù)，如：certainly，sure，of course，I think so，all right，certainly not，not at all，never，sorry，not yet，Im afraid not等。 Would you

18、 mind my joining your talk? 我參加你們的討論，你們介意嗎? Of course not. 當(dāng)然不介意。二、疑問句之特殊疑問句以疑問詞開頭的疑問句叫特殊疑問句。特殊疑問句的根本構(gòu)造是“疑問詞+一般疑問句。常見的疑問詞有what，who，whose，which，when，where，how，what time，what color，how much，how many，how long，how often，how soon等。1. 特殊疑問句的語序疑問詞作主語時，句子的語序與陳述句的語序一樣。當(dāng)疑問詞作句子的賓語、狀語等時，應(yīng)用“疑問詞+一般疑問句構(gòu)造。如： Who wi

19、ll give us a talk? 誰將給我們做報告? who作主語 When do you get up every day? 你每天什么時候起床? when作時間狀語2. 否認形式的特殊疑問句 否認形式的特殊疑問句由“疑問詞+一般疑問句的否認形式構(gòu)成，主要表示勸告、建議或責(zé)備等。如： Why didnt you tell me earlier? 你為什么不早點告訴我呢? When cant he come? 他什么時候不能來? 三、疑問句之選擇疑問句 要求對方對兩種或兩種以上的情況進展選擇的問句叫選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句的最后兩個供選擇部分用or連接。選擇疑問句有兩種：一般選擇疑問句和特殊

20、選擇疑問句。 Do you like Tom or Jerry? 你喜歡湯姆還是杰瑞? I like Jerry. 我喜歡杰瑞。 Which do you like best，apples，oranges or bananas? 你最喜歡哪樣，蘋果、橘子還是香蕉? I like apples best. 我最喜歡蘋果。四、疑問句之反意疑問句 1. 反意疑問句的特點1反意疑問句是由兩部分構(gòu)成的：前一部分是對事物的陳述，后一部分是簡短的提問。即“陳述句+附加疑問句。2反意疑問句前后兩部分必須遵循的原那么是“三同一反，即：人稱一樣，動詞一樣，時態(tài)一樣，前肯后否，前否后肯。如： Mary is a w

21、orker，isnt she? 瑪麗是工人，是不是? You wont go to the Summer Palace tomorrow，will you? 明天你不去頤和園，是嗎？2. 反意疑問句的答語 對反意疑問句的答復(fù)，不管問題的提法如何，假設(shè)事實是肯定的，就用yes答復(fù)；假設(shè)事實是否認的，就用no答復(fù)。注意在“前否后肯的反意疑問句的答語中，yes意為“不，no意為“是。如：He isnt going to the meeting，is he? 他不去參加會議，是嗎？ Yes，he is. 不，他要去。No，he isnt. 對，他不去3. ?？嫉姆匆庖蓡柧?初中階段常考的反意疑問句有以

22、下幾種： 1There be句型構(gòu)成反意疑問句時，附加疑問句的主語應(yīng)用there。如： ×There is a cat under the chair，isnt it? There is a cat under the chair，isnt there? 2假如陳述句中含有表示否認意義的詞，如never，hardly，few，little等，在構(gòu)成反意疑問句時，附加疑問句部分需用肯定式。如： I could hardly see the bird in the sky，could I? 我?guī)缀蹩床灰娍罩械镍B，對嗎？ Jims never seen such a wonderful f

23、ootball match before，has he? 吉姆以前從沒看過一場如此精彩的足球賽，是嗎？ 【注意】假設(shè)陳述句部分含有帶否認前綴的詞，如：unhappy，impossible，untrue，dislike 等，應(yīng)把陳述句看作肯定句，構(gòu)成反意疑問句時，附加疑問句用否認式。如： He dislikes volleyball，doesnt he? 他不喜歡排球，是不是？ Jenny looks unhappy today，doesnt she? 今天珍妮看起來不快樂，是不是？ 3祈使句之后的附加疑問句 一般祈使句之后的附加疑問句常用“will you? 或“wont you? 。例 Do

24、nt make so much noise，Lily， ? A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont she 否認祈使句之后的附加疑問句應(yīng)用“will you? 。 C 以lets 開頭的祈使句的附加疑問句常用“shall we? ，以let us開頭的祈使句的附加疑問句常用“will you? 。 例 Lets go to the cinema to see a film， ? A. will youB. shall we C. wont youD. dont you 以lets開頭的祈使句的附加疑問句用“shall we? 。 B4主從復(fù)合句構(gòu)成反

25、意疑問句時，附加疑問句部分通常與主句在主謂上保持一致；假如主從復(fù)合句為“Idontthink/believe+賓語從句，附加疑問句應(yīng)與賓語從句在主謂上保持一致。如： I think Tom runs fastest of all，doesnt he? 我認為在所有人中湯姆跑得最快，對嗎？ 例1Would you please help me with my writing skills? . You can come to my office every Saturday. A. Thats all right B. Not at all C. No problem D. No，thanks

26、例2Which would you like，Coke or tea? . I prefer coffee. A. Neither B. Both C. Either D. None 例 3Hes never been to Canada before， ? Sorry，I dont know. A. is he B. has he C. isnt he D. hasnt he例 4You come from England，dont you? . I come from a small town near London. A. No，I doB. No，I dont C. Yes，I amD

27、. Yes，I do【答案詳解】例1 CThats all right“沒關(guān)系；Not at all“不用謝；No problem“沒問題；No，thanks“不，謝謝。根據(jù)You can come to my office every Saturday. 可知“可以幫助。例2 A本句為選擇疑問句，在問句中提供了Coke與tea，而答語中只出現(xiàn)了coffee，由此可判斷這里是對兩者的否認，故用neither。 例3 B句意：“他以前從來沒有去過加拿大，是嗎? “抱歉，我不知道。此題考察反意疑問句，要遵循“前否后肯原那么，因為前面有否認詞never，且前面的s是has的縮寫。例4 D這里是“前肯

28、后否的反意疑問句，根據(jù)答語第二句句意“我來自倫敦附近的一個小鎮(zhèn)可知，我確實是從英國來的，與上文事實相符，故用Yes，I do. 答復(fù)。1.Is the girl in red your friend? . She is learning Chinese now. A. Yes，it isB. Yes，he isC. Yes，she isD. Yes，she does2. He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired， ? A. is heB. isnt he C. cant heD. can he3.Bill，does your sister

29、have brown hair or red hair? . She takes after my mother. A. Yes，she does B. No，she doesnt C. Brown hair D. I dont know4. will the 2019 Summer Olympic Games be held in Brazil? In August. A. WhenB. HowC. Why D. Where5.You didnt find the owner of the books，did you? . So I gave them to our teacher. A.

30、No，I didB. Yes，I didntC. No，I didntD. Yes，I did6. angry Kangkang looks! What happened? He found his mother reading his diary when he returned home yesterday. A. HowB. WhatC. What an【答案詳解】1 C 句意：“穿紅衣服的女孩是你的朋友嗎? “是的，她正在學(xué)漢語。答復(fù)時用人稱代詞she代替上文中的girl。應(yīng)選C。2 D句意：他因為太累幾乎醒不過來，是嗎? 主句中有情態(tài)動詞can并有hardly是含有否認意味的副詞，屬

31、于前否認后肯定，應(yīng)選D。3 C 句意：“比爾，你姐姐的頭發(fā)是棕色的還是紅色的? “棕色的。她和我的媽媽相像。選擇疑問句不能用Yes或No來答復(fù)，可以從問句的兩個供選項中選擇其一進展答復(fù)。應(yīng)選C。4 A 句意：“2019年夏季奧林匹克運動會什么時候?qū)⒃诎臀髋e行? “在八月份。when什么時候；how“怎么樣，詢問方式；why為什么；where在哪里。根據(jù)答語“在八月份知選A。5 C 句意：“你沒有找到書的主人，是嗎? “是的，我沒找到。因此我把書交給我們的老師了。A、B兩項構(gòu)造錯誤，故首先排除。No，I didnt是的，我沒有找到；Yes，I did不，我找到了。在答復(fù)反意疑問句時，不管問題的提

32、法如何，都應(yīng)根據(jù)事實來答復(fù)，就該題來說，根據(jù)橫線后可判斷出，沒有找到書的主人。應(yīng)選C。6 A 句意：“康康看起來多么生氣啊! 怎么了? “昨天他回到家時，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的媽媽正在看他的日記。在感慨句中what修飾名詞；how修飾形容詞或副詞。句中的angry是形容詞。應(yīng)選A。 回憶一下，本節(jié)課你是否獲得了新的知識了呢？ 總結(jié)一下，本節(jié)課帶給你哪些收獲？ 才能提升 單項選擇1. _ do you usually go to school, Simon?By bike. A. When B. How C. What D. Where2. Jim had nothing for breakfast this

33、 morning, _?_. He got up too late.A. had she; Yes B. hadnt he; Yes C. did he; No3. _does your father go to see your grandmother?Once a month.A. How long B. How soon C. How often4. _ is the street crowded with so many people? Because they are waiting to watch the boat races. A. Why B. Where C. How D.

34、 Who 5. Theres little important news in the newspaper today, _? A. isnt there B. is there C. is it D. are there6. film do you prefer, Lost in Thailand or Life o Pi, made?Lost in Thailand. I like comedies because they often make me, laugh.A. What B. WhateverC. Whose D. Which7. _ model plane is this?I

35、 think it's Jim's. Look，his name is on it. A. Who B. What C. Whose D. Where8. What brought joy to Linda just now?_. ?A. Received a gift B. She received a giftC. Receiving a gift D. Because she received a gift9. _ can you finish this English exam?In about one and a half hours.A. How far B . H

36、ow often C. How soon D. How long10. Tony,_ are you in such a hurry?The meeting will start soon. I dont want to be late.A. where B. how C. when D. why11. _ does your cousin go to the gym? Twice a week.A. How long B. How often C. How soon12. do you go to the library?Once a week.A. How often B. How lon

37、g C. How far D. How soon13. do you know so much about the UFO?I usually get the information by surfing the Internet.A. How B. What C. Which D. Where14._apples do we need to make fruit salad? Let me think We need three apples. A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many15. _ have you been marrie

38、d? For twenty years A. How far B. how often C. how long D. how soon 16. will Mrs. Lin go to Germany? To see her daughter there.A. How B. When C. Why D. What17. Youd better_ here _ the heavy rain. A. not to leave; because B. not leave; because C. not leave; because of18. Its Fathers Day, ?Yes. Lets b

39、uy a gift for Dad.A. isnt it B. doesnt it C. isnt he D. doesnt he 19. She has never been to the city, she?A. doesnt B. hasnt C. has20. He hasnt watched the movie “ So Young, has he? _. He told me its very moving and interesting, hed like to watch it again. A. Yes, he has B. Yes, he hasnt C. No, he h

40、asnt D. No, he has【答案詳解】1 B 考察疑問詞的用法。when什么時候, how怎樣, what什么, where在哪里。答句中的by bike是一種方式, 因此問句意為“你通常怎樣上學(xué), 西蒙, 所以選擇B。2 C考察反意疑問句的用法。由nothing可知前半句否認句，故附近部分用肯定句，故排除B。本句為一般過去時，故用助動詞did。應(yīng)選C.3 C 考察特殊疑問詞的用法。how long 多久；how soon 多舊；how often多久一次；根據(jù)句意 “你的父親多久去看一次你的奶奶？“一個月一次。根據(jù)答語Once a month詢問的是頻率，應(yīng)選C。4 A考察疑問詞的辨析。四個選項中，只有why符合句意“為什么街上有這么多人？因為他們在等著看龍舟賽。所以選擇答案A。5 B考察反義疑問句的用法。反義疑問句的規(guī)那么是 “前肯后否或者是“前否后肯題干中的little具有否認意義，所以選“前否后肯，答案 B。6 D考察疑問詞的用法。What“什么，通常對物提問，無