高中英語定語從句

1、( (模塊九模塊九 高三上學(xué)期高三上學(xué)期) )Grammar and usageOverview of attributive clauses 一一. 定語從句的基本定義定語從句的基本定義 放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句。 被修飾的詞叫先被修飾的詞叫先行詞。行詞。Pikaqiu is a kind of animal (that) I like best! 定語從句復(fù)習定語從句復(fù)習定語從句定語從句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制

2、性定語從句限制性定語從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句指人指人指物指物主語主語賓語賓語that whichwhowhom關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：何時可以省略？何時可以省略？做做賓語賓語時可以省略時可以省略關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞的用法v關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以做狀語關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以做狀語v地點狀語地點狀語:where v原因狀語原因狀語:whyv時間狀語時間狀語:whenThe boy who is reading is Tom.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞Hospit

3、al is a place where a doctor works.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞基礎(chǔ)題型The man _lives next to us sells vegetables.A plane is a machine _ can fly.This is the scientist _ name is known to all.The room _ window faces to south is mine.1. Do you remember the day _ we first met? who/ thatwhich / thatwhosewhosewhen6. The sc

4、hool _ we study is beautiful.7. The reason _ he was late was that he missed the train. wherewhy易錯易混淆題（注意分析從句的句子成分）Do you remember the day _ we spent on the farm?Do you remember the day _ we first arrived here?The room _we live is big.The room _ we can see is big. Is this the reason_he explained at t

5、he meeting for his careless in his work. Do you know the reason_he did not come? that/ which/不填不填whenwherethat/ which/不填不填thatwhy基礎(chǔ)知識回顧基礎(chǔ)知識回顧: 關(guān)系詞及其意義關(guān)系詞及其意義指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所屬關(guān)系所屬關(guān)系 指地點指地點 指時間指時間 指原因指原因 who, whom, that, aswhich, that, aswhosewherewhenwhy關(guān)關(guān)系系代代詞詞關(guān)關(guān)系系副副詞詞歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)做題技巧做題技巧?先分析定語從句中缺少什么成

6、分先分析定語從句中缺少什么成分1.that與與which2.對對the way的考查的考查3.介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞4.as的使用的使用5.對對where的考查的考查6.綜合考查綜合考查考點考點難難點點We should do everything _ is good for our studies.You can take any seat _ is free.This is the only thing_ we can do.The is the first place _ I want to visit.This is the most interesting book _ I have

7、 ever read.We talked about the things and persons _ we were interested in.thatthatthatthatthatthat考點考點1：that 與與 which7. There is little _ I can do to make up for the lost time. 8. Our school is no longer the place _ it used to be.當先行詞是事物時， 只用that不用which的情況thatthat 先行詞是不定代詞先行詞是不定代詞all, everything, an

8、ything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one.2. 先行詞被先行詞被all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none修飾時修飾時3. 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時修飾時4.先行詞被先行詞被數(shù)詞數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞修飾時修飾時5.先行詞是先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時修飾時6. 先行詞既先行詞既有人又有物有人又有物時時7.

9、先行詞在從句中做先行詞在從句中做表語表語時時8. 主句以主句以there be開頭開頭Got it!This is the train by _ we went to Beijing.Football, _ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.Those _ break the law should be punished.He _ plays with fire gets burnt. whichwhichwhowho只用只用which不用不用that的情況指物，的情況指物，1.介詞介詞后。后。2. 用于用于非限制

10、定語從句非限制定語從句中中先行詞為先行詞為those, one, he時多用時多用who。做題技巧做題技巧?填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/ which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺狀語缺狀語缺賓語缺賓語考點考點2：the way用做先行詞用做先行詞the way 做先行詞時做先行詞時,先看后面定語從句

11、中是否缺少先看后面定語從句中是否缺少主語或賓語主語或賓語:缺少主語或賓語缺少主語或賓語:引導(dǎo)詞用引導(dǎo)詞用that / which / 不填不填(缺賓語時缺賓語時)主語賓語都不缺主語賓語都不缺:引導(dǎo)詞用引導(dǎo)詞用that / in which / 不填不填考點考點2：the way用做先行詞用做先行詞3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （04湖北）湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which高考題鏈接：高考題鏈接：考點考點3：介詞：

12、介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。4. He gave me some novels _ _ I

13、 am not very familiar with.which / that / 不填不填考點考點3：介詞：介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞7. (06浙江浙江) I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which做題技巧做題技巧?定語從句句首為介詞時定語從句句首為介詞時,后可接的關(guān)系詞為后可接的關(guān)系詞為:介詞介詞+whom / which / whose6. I recognized the boss in company my sister wa

14、s working. whose考點四考點四 whoseThe teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the students關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格實際上是先行詞的所有格The house is mine. The window of the house

15、 is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken1.1.不論人或物在定語從句中作不論人或物在定語從句中作表語表語時時, ,用用thatthat引導(dǎo)定語引導(dǎo)定語從句，而從句，而thatthat通常省掉。通常省掉。兩點補充兩點補充He is no longer the man (He is no longer the man (that)he w

16、as.that)he was.Shanghai is no longer the city (thatShanghai is no longer the city (that而而“one ofone of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), ,謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù) “one ofone of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句而而“one ofone of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”前有前有thethe，onlyonly或或the onlythe only修飾，定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。修飾，定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。He is He is one of the stud

17、entsone of the students who who study study very hard very hard at school.at school.He is He is the(only/the only) onethe(only/the only) one of the students of the students who who studiesstudies very hard at school very hard at schoolas引導(dǎo)定語從句主要用于非限制性定語從句和the sameas，suchas，asas的結(jié)構(gòu)中。1. as與which都可以引導(dǎo)一

18、個非限制性定語從句，并代表前面整個句子或主句中的表語。 He married the girl，as(which)was natural.He seemed a foreigner,as(which)in fact he was.不同的是：as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以前置，而which不行。 As was natural, he married the girl.難點一：難點一：as的用法的用法 在在same,such,so,as之后應(yīng)是名詞或形容詞之后應(yīng)是名詞或形容詞名詞。名詞。1.We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.2. Som

19、e people have no doubt that their cat understands as many words as a dog does.3. We hope to get such a tool as he is using.the samethe sameasas與與the samethe samethatthat引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句難點一：難點一：as的用法的用法做題技巧做題技巧?當主句中出現(xiàn)當主句中出現(xiàn)such 或或so 時時,看后面從句是否看后面從句是否缺主語或賓語缺主語或賓語:(1)缺缺主語或賓語主語或賓語,從句前用從句前用as(2)不缺不缺主語和賓語主語

20、和賓語,從句前用從句前用that當主句中出現(xiàn)當主句中出現(xiàn)the same時時, 后面從句缺主語后面從句缺主語或賓語時與或賓語時與as搭配表搭配表同一類同一類事物事物,與與that搭配搭配表表同一個同一個事物事物模擬訓(xùn)練模擬訓(xùn)練 ：1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; a

21、s B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。國家正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。國家正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。 where引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是 表示地點的名詞，但也有

22、特殊情況。表示地點的名詞，但也有特殊情況。難點二：一些特殊詞之后的難點二：一些特殊詞之后的where解析：解析：如果定語從句分別修飾如果定語從句分別修飾point, situation, part, stage, condition，position和和case等表示抽象意義的詞，等表示抽象意義的詞，常用常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境到了某種地步，在某種境況中況中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山東）山東） A. which

23、 B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （06江西）江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /高考題鏈接：高考題鏈接：做題要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇做題要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇恰當?shù)年P(guān)系詞。恰當?shù)年P(guān)系詞。 wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed

24、the book. where定語從句定語從句that強調(diào)句型強調(diào)句型綜合考查一：定語從句與強調(diào)句綜合考查一：定語從句與強調(diào)句3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when難點三難點三.綜合考查綜合考查 近年來，高考對定語從句和其它從句如：強調(diào)句、近年來，高考對定語從句和其它從句如：強調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語從句等的綜合考查越來越多，這就要名詞性從句和狀語從句等的綜合考查越來越多，這就要求考生有扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識和較強的綜合分析能力。求考生有扎

25、實的基礎(chǔ)知識和較強的綜合分析能力。友情提示友情提示綜合考查二：定語從句與同位語從句綜合考查二：定語從句與同位語從句1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which/綜合考查三：定語從句與表語從句綜合考查三：定語從句與表語從句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.

26、 （05 江蘇）江蘇） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which that/which1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC對比訓(xùn)練對比訓(xùn)練 1. It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time. 2. It was in Oc

27、tober_we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. whileCA對比訓(xùn)練對比訓(xùn)練 1. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. 2. He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBC The news came_1_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, _

28、2_ isnt surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as 定語從句學(xué)習歸納 學(xué)習定語從句必須要清楚它的的來源、位置、引來源、位置、引導(dǎo)詞、意思理解導(dǎo)詞、意思理解和和翻譯方法翻譯方法. 還要記住它的特殊用法歸納一：來源例：請把下列單句合成復(fù)合句1.Madame Curie is one of the greatest scientists in the world. She is admired by many people. Madame Curie who is admired by many people is one of the greatest scientists in the world.2.The experiment failed. She was working on it day and night. The experiment which/that she was working