翻譯步驟及技巧

1、翻譯步驟及技巧：一.掃一遍句子，理解大致意思。二.仔細看句子，找出句子中的關鍵詞和短語。E.g. 根據(jù)警方的說法，犯罪嫌疑人謀殺了被害人。（according to）根據(jù)according to 犯罪嫌疑人the suspect 被害人 the victim三.分析句子結(jié)構，找出主干，理清先后順序。簡單句辨別主謂賓，分清定語，同位語，狀語。E.g.他很有可能通過自己的努力拿到駕駛執(zhí)照。（likely）句子主干他（主語）拿到（謂語）駕駛執(zhí)照（賓語）。He gets the driving license.He is likely to get the driving license with h

2、is own efforts.復合句定語從句，名詞性從句，狀語從句。E.g.遇到困難的時候，我們需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是相互幫助。（notbut.）復合句when引導的狀語從句，what引導的主語從句notbut結(jié)構When we are in difficulty/ When we meet difficulties/ When we have difficulties四.選擇合適的連詞，連詞成句。常見的表示語義引申的并列連詞有：1.and Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正義在你們一邊，而正

3、義是會戰(zhàn)勝非正義的。 2. neither. nor She could neither speak the language nor write it. 這種語言她既不會說，也不會寫。 3. both. and A man should have both courage and perseverance.一個人既要有勇氣又要有毅力。 4. not only. but also We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我們不僅要大膽，而且要謹慎。 5. as well as I have read one of his novels

4、 as well as a few of his plays. 我讀過他的一本小說和幾個劇本。 表示選擇的并列連詞有： 1. or You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者讓別人做。 2. either. or I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了，就是放在抽屜里了。 除了表示選擇外，or和either. or還可以表示否定的條件： 1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for

5、the party. 我現(xiàn)在得走了，否則晚會我就要遲到了。 2) You'll either behave yourself, or you'll never go out with me. 你要么老實點，要么就永遠不能跟我一起出去。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊牟⒘羞B詞有： 1. but He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他做了很大努力但沒有成功。 2. yet The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition. 這輛車子很舊，但仍處于良好的狀態(tài)。 3. however She felt il

6、l. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 她病了。然而她照舊去上班，并且盡力集中精神工作。 4. nevertheless I don't know anything against that man; nevertheless I don't trust him. 我對那個人沒有什么不良的看法，但我不能信賴他。 表示因果關系的并列連詞有： 1. for You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside. 你最好把毛衣

7、穿上，外邊相當冷。 2. so My sister is expecting me，so I must be off now. 姐姐在等我，因此我得走了。 3. therefore You are right, therefore we should support you. 你是對的，所以我們應當支持你。 4. hence I fell off my bike yesterdayhence the bruises. 我昨天騎自行車摔倒了所以青一塊、紫一塊的。 從屬連詞是用來引導從句的。 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有： 1. when There was prolonged applause

8、when he began to speak. 他開始講話時響起了經(jīng)久不息的掌聲。 2. while We should strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。 3. as As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 當他進來時，全場發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。 4. after After I visit Shanghai I'll travel up the Yangtze. 訪問上海之后，我將溯長江而上。 5. before It would be months befo

9、re he was fit for the work. 要過好幾個月他才能適應工作。 6. since It is just a week since we arrived here. 我們到這里才一個星期。 7. until (till) I shall stay here until (till) I've completed my studies. 我要在這里待到學習結(jié)束為止。 8. as soon as As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好就回去上班了。 9. once Once he said that, I k

10、new he was lying. 他一說這話我就知道他在撒謊。 引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有： 1. because He failed because he was too careless. 因為他太粗心，所以失敗了。 2. as As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 因為已經(jīng)相當晚了，我們決定在廟里待一夜。 3. since Since you don't want to go, we won't force you to. 既然你不愿意去，我們也不勉

11、強你。 4. now that Now that you are all back, we'd better start the work right away. 你們既然都回來了，我們最好馬上就開始工作。 5. considering (that) They did the job quite well considering (that) they had no experience. 考慮到他們沒有什么經(jīng)驗，這項工作他們已經(jīng)干得不錯了。 6. seeing that Seeing that (Since) nobody was very enthusiastic about it

12、, they decided to cancel the trip. 由于都沒有很高的熱情，他們決定取消這次旅行。 引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有： 1. if If you can do it, so can I. 你要是能辦到，我也能辦到。 2. even if We wouldn't lose heart even if we should fail ten times. 我們就是失敗十次也不灰心。 3. unless I won't go unless you want me to. 除非你要我去，否則我是不會去的。 4. in case We'd better

13、take our raincoats in case it should rain (rains). 我們最好把雨衣帶著以防下雨。 5. provided /providing (that) I'll come provided (providing) (that) you let me know in good time. 你要是及時通知我是會來的。 6. suppose/supposing (that) Suppose (Supposing) (that) he won't agree, what shall we do? 假如他不同意，我們怎么辦？ 7. as (so)

14、long as You may use the room as long as you keep it clean. 只要保持清潔你可以用這個房間。 8. on condition (that) I'll lend you the book on condition (that) you return it on Monday. 只要你能在星期一還我，這本書我就借給你。 引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有： 1. although / though Everybody worked with great enthusiasm although/though the weather was e

15、xtremely cold. 雖然天氣很冷，大家工作得非常起勁。 2. even if (though) Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路走著去，我也要去那里。 引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有： 1. than We have produced 20% more cotton this year than we did last year. 我們今年棉花產(chǎn)量比去年高百分之二十。 2. as (so).as He doesn't play half as well as his sister. 他演奏

16、的水平不及他姐姐的一半。 引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有： 1. lest She explained again and again lest people should misunderstand her. 她一再解釋唯恐人們誤解。 2. so that Speak clearly so that we may understand you. 講話要清楚，以便我們能聽明白。 3. in order that He assigned us some books to read at home in order that (so that) we might have a deeper unde

17、rstanding of the subject. 他指定幾本書給我們回家看，以便我們對這一主題有一個較深的了解。 引導結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有： 1. so.that She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感動得熱淚盈眶。 2. such.that It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep. 演講枯燥乏味，聽得我都睡著了。 引導名詞性從句的連詞有三個：(1)that (本身無意義)，(2)whether (or not)，(3)if。例如： That they will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他們不太可能會拒絕這個建議。 I don't know whether (=if) these figures are accurate. 我不知道這些數(shù)字是否精確。 需要注意的是：whether (or not) 可引導大部分名詞性從句；if僅可引導賓語從句，而且不可跟or not。例如： Whether (if) they will come or not won't make much difference. 他們來不來關系不大。 I wonder if (=whether)