高中英語：句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)-學(xué)案

1、句子成分主語（subject）: 句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)Seeing is believing. （動名詞） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主語，主語從句）謂語（predica

2、te）: 說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 表語（predicative）: 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 He is a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞）He is asleep. （形容詞） His father is in. （副詞） The picture is on the wall. ( 介詞短語)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）To

3、 wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）（常見系詞: be, sound（聽）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（聞）, taste（吃）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺） . It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells deliciou

4、s. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.賓語：1）動作的承受者-動賓I like China. （名詞）He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句） 2） 介詞后的名

5、詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.賓補(bǔ)：對賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。We elected him monitor. （名詞）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容詞）We found nobody

6、 in. ( 副詞 )Please make yourself at home. 介詞短語） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞） 主補(bǔ)：對主語的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised t

7、o teach the lazy boy a lesson.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞）We belong to the third world. （數(shù)詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.(副詞) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)The boys

8、 playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（過去分詞） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。 （以下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in

9、the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句的五個(gè)基本

10、句型主語 不及物動詞 She came/ My head aches. 主語 及物動詞 賓語 She likes English.主語 系動詞 主語補(bǔ)語 She is happy主語 雙賓動詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語 賓補(bǔ)動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）Exercises分析下列句子成分1. O

11、ur school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn green whe

12、n spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Don't

13、 get nervous，help yourself to what you like16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didn't comeThat is why he didn't know18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. The cars m

14、ade in Japan are better than those in Germany22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.26. At last he got ho

15、me, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.翻 譯 練 習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（ 主語 不及物動詞 ）1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2她昨天回家很晚。 3那天早上我們談了很多。 4會議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 5在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 6這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。 7 1919年，在

16、北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動。 8每天八時(shí)開始上課。 9這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。 10五年前我住在北京。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語 及物動詞 賓語 ）1昨晚我寫了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3這本書他讀過多次了。4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 6那位先生能流利地說三種語言。7我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 8 Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。 9我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。 10他不知道說什麼好。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語 系動詞表語 ）1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚長。 3布朗夫人看起來很健康。 4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 5孩子們，請保持安靜。 6這本書是有關(guān)

17、美國歷史的書。 7她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。 8他失業(yè)了。 9樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 10這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來很有意思。 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 ）1 Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。4. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5. 他把車票給列車員看。 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。 9. 請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？10. 我替你叫輛出租

18、汽車好嗎？復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 ）1我們叫她Alice. 2他的父母給他取名為John. 3我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。 4他們把門推開了。 5他們把小偷釋放了。 6我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 7他請我們參加做游戲。 8我要你把真相告訴我。 9衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 10明天我要找人來修理機(jī)器。 11每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起來。 13我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。 14他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 15我要請人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。 16那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了17她正在聽人家講故事。 18男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。 19我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。 20他感到很難跟你交談。 21我想乘船去那