高中同位語從句精講和練習題

1、同位語從句講解是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞(短語)加以補充說明或進一步解釋，相當于一個表語從句，它們之間的關系是同位關系，即主表關系。詳細信息一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。 1. 名詞作同位語 Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。 2

2、.短語作同位語 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引語作同位語But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多莉早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎？” 4. 句子作同位語 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean

3、 ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。 同位語從句用法同位語部分是個句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較固定 一、在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。 I heard the news that our team had won我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。 二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibili

4、ty等。 Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。 三、英語中引導同位語從句的詞通有連詞 that，whether，連接副詞 how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引導同位語從句。） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。 四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而

5、被別的詞隔開。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。 同位語從句-引導詞同位語從句的引導詞，引導同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。 1. 連詞that引導同位語從句 （注：引導同位語從句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。（作idea的同位語） 【注意1】在

6、某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項建議是布朗應該離隊。 【注意2】引導同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機了。 2. 連詞whether

7、引導同位語從句 （注：if不能引導同位語從句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。 【注意】whether 可引導同位語從句，但if不能引導同位語從句。 其它引導詞引導的同位語從句 連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, which引導同位語從句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。（what作定語） 2).I have no idea

8、which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪種酒最好，這是個人口味的問題。（which作定語） 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主語） 4. 連接副詞引導同位語從句連接副詞when, where, how, why We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。 同位語從句-相

9、關語法一、同位語從句在句中的位置 1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達的具體內(nèi)容。 Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。 2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。 The thought came to her that maybe she had

10、left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關上。 二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù) 同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪兒聽說我不能來？ 三、同位語從句的語氣 在suggestion，advice，request，order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。 Our teacher gave

11、 us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。 四、同位語從句的先行詞 同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。 How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him?

12、皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣，對這個問題騙子是怎樣解釋的? 代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個it常放在某些動詞或短語動詞后作賓語，同時兼作其后that同位語從句的先行詞。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。 有的語法學家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認為，這種it后的that 從句應看作it的同位語，因為它相當于“主語+be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。 You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.(=You must see to it, and I

13、t is that the children dont catch cold.)你要當心，別讓孩子們著涼了。 同位語從句-語法區(qū)別與定語從句的的語法區(qū)別： 1意義的不同 同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍枺欢ㄕZ從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來： We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故that引導的是同位語從句) We are glad at the news that he tol

14、d us. 聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句) 2. 引導詞的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引導名詞性從句，但不引導定語從句。 3. 引導詞的功能上的不同 that引導同位語從句時，它不充當句子成分，而引導定語從句時，它作為關系代詞，要么充當定語從句的主語，要么充當定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當told的賓語。 4. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別 同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish

15、, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。 另外，when和where 引導定語從句時，通常只修飾表示時間和地點的名詞，而它們引導同位語從句時卻不一定；又如why引導定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason，而它引導同位語從句時則不一定： I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他們什么時候來。(同位語從句) Ill never forget the days when I lived there. 我永遠不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句

16、） 同位語從句-特殊形式1.間隔同位語從句 同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后，但有些情況下，由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因，同位語從句不緊跟在名詞后，而被其他的詞隔開。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday 簡析：由于that從句太長，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句 2.suggestion,request和order等名詞后的同位語從句用虛擬語氣。 She made a request that t

17、he doctor(should)be sent for at once.她請求立即請醫(yī)生來。 簡析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名詞后接同位語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用“(should+)動詞原形”的形式，其中should一詞可省略。 3.短語及固定句式后的同位語從句 I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請的話，我就來。 簡析：短語On condition, on suppo

18、sition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There be+no doubt(hope, chance, possibility,)后的that從句為同位語從句。 練習一單選1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact2.Is Mary from

19、New York City I dont know _.A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B

20、. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getti

21、ng along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. w

22、hat trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12.I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs

23、13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conc

24、lusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _

25、hell come.A. that B if C. what D. whether18.Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary

26、: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.what B

27、. What.that C. That.which D. What.which22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. w

28、hen is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used i

29、n other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is i

30、n the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outside A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. wh

31、at B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31._ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his

32、 mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of

33、good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does37._ was the idea _ the wife thought of A. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how38._ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do A. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where 39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what

34、 that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41.Do you know _ His father is a doctor.A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is 42. Is this _ we met each other two years a

35、go A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44.We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed _ t

36、hey could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring - You can tak

37、e _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send

38、50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53._ is to do good all

39、 ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C

40、. should we go D. that we go56._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what57._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were exc

41、ited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60_he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what61._is going to do the job will be decided by

42、 the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who62._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That63._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What64._he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D.

43、 This65._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether66._makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody67._team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How68.Three days later, word came _our country had sent up another man-m

44、ade satellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where69.The problem is _will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who70.It looks _ it were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like71.That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how72.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. w

45、hat B. where C. that D. why73.We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what74.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. how75.What Im considering now _ the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was76.Can you tell me _ A.

46、 who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 77._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who78. It is well known _ a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what, when, and how B. thatC. what

47、 D. how79. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such80. Jack was soon told _ he did was not necessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why what81. We should think carefully about _ Mr. Needham said at the meeting.A. that B. what C. which D. X82. Can you point out

48、 _ two radios are the best A. which B. what C. that D. whether 83. You will easily know _ video recorders (錄相機) are the same.A. what those B. that of those C. that all of D. which of those84. _ you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A. If B. Whether C. What D. When 85. I asked her in E

49、nglish _ she was, and she told me _ she was an actress.A. whothat B. whoX C. whatX D. howthat86. She took it for granted _ Id be back home an hour ago.A. that B. whether C. if D. when87. We think it possible _ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. h

50、ow88. Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that89. At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to him without being seen.A. if B. how C. which D. that how90. Last Sunday he promised _ today, but he hasnt appeared yet.A. that he would c

51、ome B. that he will comeC. he will come to see me D. whether he would come91. Last Sunday he made a promise _ he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. if B. that C. that if D. whether92. Do you have any idea _ A. when Miss Smith will arrive B. when will Miss Smith arriveC. how will Miss Smith arri

52、ve D. why hasnt Miss Smith arrived93. I have almost forgotten _.A. how Mr. Taylors like B. what Mr. Taylors face is likeC. what Mr. Taylors face is D. which Mr. Taylors face is like94. The true value of life is not in _, but _.A. how you get that you give B. which you got what you giveC. what you ge

53、t what you give D. what do you getwhat do you give95. Do you know _ A. what is this used for B. what this is used forC. which this is used D. that this is used for96. _ surprised me most was _.A. Thatthat she spoke Japanese so well B. Whathow could she speak Japanese so wellC. Whatthat she spoke Japanese so wellD. Thatwhy she could speak Japanese so well97. _ is to dance.A. That interests Mary really B. Which really interests Mary.C. What really interests Mary D. What really interest Mary98. We were greatly amused by _.A. what you have told us B. which you had