江蘇省自學(xué)考試《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論》(27037)判斷題題庫(kù)及中文翻譯(共10頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上江蘇省自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論（27037）正確判斷題題庫(kù)及中文翻譯1. Language is primarily speech ,and not the written form.語(yǔ)言主要是口語(yǔ)形式而不是書面形式。2. The relationship between the sounds and their meanings is arbitrary .聲音和他們的意義之間的關(guān)系是任意的。3. Linguistic symbols are produced by human speech organs .語(yǔ)言符號(hào)是通過人類語(yǔ)言器官形成的。4. English li

2、nguistics is a kind of descriptive linguistics .英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)是一種描述性語(yǔ)言學(xué)。5. Langue is more abstract than parole and therefore is not directly observable .語(yǔ)言比言語(yǔ)更加抽象，因此是不能直接觀察的。（2009年10月考題）6. General linguistics deals with the whole human language .普遍語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究的是所有的人類語(yǔ)言。7. All the English words are not symbolic .不是所

3、有的英語(yǔ)單詞都是有符號(hào)的。8. Descriptive linguistics studies one specific language .描述性語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究的是一種具體的語(yǔ)言。9. The spelling of words is not a reliable means of describing the English sounds .單詞的拼寫不是描述英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的一種可靠方式。10. In terms of tension of the muscles at pharynx ,vowels are grouped into tense vowels and lax vowels .根據(jù)咽

4、喉肌肉的松弛狀態(tài)，元音可以分成緊元音和松元音。11. A phoneme is an abstract element in the sound system of a language while allophones are variants of a single abstract element.音位是語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)中一種抽象的成分，而音位變體是一種抽象成分的變體。12. The sounds that are in contrastive distribution are different phonemes .處于對(duì)比分布的語(yǔ)音是不同的音位。13. Two plosives（爆破音

5、） cant go together at the beginning of words .在單詞的開頭兩個(gè)爆破音不能搭配在一起。14. Short vowels do not occur finally .短元音不發(fā)生在詞尾。15. All vowels can occur initially except u and u .所有的元音都發(fā)生在開頭除了u和u.16. The sounds that are in complementary distribution and also phonetically similar are allophones of the same phoneme

6、. 處于互補(bǔ)性分布并且語(yǔ)音上相似的兩個(gè)音是同一個(gè)音位的音位變體。17. All languages have sequential constraints .所有的語(yǔ)言都有序列限制。18. If the initial sound is an affricate ,the next sound must be a vowel.如果開頭的音是一個(gè)塞擦音或者破擦音，那么下一個(gè)音一定是一個(gè)元音。19. Phonetic transcriptions（語(yǔ)音音標(biāo)） include all the linguistically relevant features of sounds ; phonemic

7、transcriptions （音位音標(biāo)）only record distinctive qualities of sounds which can differentiate the meanings of words .語(yǔ)音音標(biāo)包括了聲音的所有相關(guān)語(yǔ)言特征。而音位音標(biāo)只記錄了能夠區(qū)分單詞意思的聲音的區(qū)別性特質(zhì)。20. The two words “bit ” and “bought ” form a minimal pair.Bit 和bought 兩個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成一對(duì)最小對(duì)立體。21. A palatal plosive appears before or after a front vow

8、el.一個(gè)硬腭爆破音出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)前元音前面或后面。22. A morpheme is not equated with a syllable .一個(gè)詞素并不等同于一個(gè)音節(jié)。23. All free morphemes are roots .所有的自由詞素都是詞根。24. All roots are not free morphemes .不是所有的詞根都是自由詞素。25. If two or more minimal meaningful sequences of phonemes are identical in both form and meaning ,then they are reg

9、arded as one morph.如果一個(gè)或者更多音位的最小的有意義的序列在形式和意思上都一樣，那么它們被視為一個(gè)形素。26. Inflectional affixes never cause a change in grammatical class.屈折詞綴不會(huì)導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)法等級(jí)的變化。27. If two or more minimal meaningful sequences of phonemes are the same in meaning but different in forms, then there are as many morphs as there are form

10、s .如果兩個(gè)或者更多音位的最小的有意義的序列在意思上一樣，但是形式不同的話，那么形素和形式一樣多。28. If two or more minimal meaningful sequences of phonemes are different both in form and in meaning ,then there are as many morphs as there are different forms and meanings .如果兩個(gè)或者更多音位的最小的有意義的序列在形式和意思上都不一樣，那么有許多形素有不同的形式和意義。29. If both inflectional

11、and derivational affixes occur in the same word ,derivational affixes always appear before inflectional affixes .如果屈折性詞綴和派生詞綴同時(shí)發(fā)生在一個(gè)單詞上，那么派生詞綴總是出現(xiàn)在屈折性詞綴之前。30. Phonemes are said to be minimal distinctive units in the sound system of a language .音位是語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)中最小的有甄別性特征的單位。31. Morphemes are defined as min

12、imal meaningful units in the grammatical system of a language .語(yǔ)素或詞素是語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)中最小的有意義的單位。32. Morphs are the realizations of a particular morpheme.語(yǔ)子是某一個(gè)特定詞素的體現(xiàn)。33. The word SARS is formed by the process of acronymy .單詞SARS是通過首字母縮寫法形成的。34. Clipping refers to the process whereby a word is shortened with

13、out a change in the meaning and in the part of speech . 略寫法或者截短法指的是不改變意思和詞性而將一個(gè)單詞加以簡(jiǎn)略的構(gòu)詞過程。35. Acronymy is the process by which words are formed by putting the initial letters of several words together . 首字母縮略法是指通過把許多單詞的首字母合并而構(gòu)成新詞的過程。36. Rearrangement of the words of a sentence yields either an ungr

14、ammatical sentence or a different sentence.一個(gè)句子單詞的重新排列要么產(chǎn)生一個(gè)不合乎語(yǔ)法的句子要么是一個(gè)不同的句子。37. The paradigmatic relation is a kind of relation between linguistic forms in a sentence and linguistic forms outside the sentence.縱聚合關(guān)系是句子中語(yǔ)言形式和句子外語(yǔ)言形式之間的一種關(guān)系。38. The hierarchical relation shows us the inner layering o

15、f sentence.等級(jí)關(guān)系或?qū)哟侮P(guān)系為我們表明了句子的內(nèi)部層次。39. The dynamic study of sentences deals with two levels of structure :both surface structure and deep structure .句子的動(dòng)態(tài)研究涉及兩種結(jié)構(gòu)層次：表層結(jié)構(gòu)和深層結(jié)構(gòu)。（2010年1月考題）40. A surface structure is pronounceable .表層結(jié)構(gòu)是讀得出的。41. A surface structure corresponds most closely to the linear

16、arrangement of words as they are pronounced . 表層結(jié)構(gòu)最符合單詞的線性排列。42. A deep structure is not pronounceable .深層結(jié)構(gòu)是讀不出的。43. A deep structure corresponds most closely to the meaningful grouping of words. 深層結(jié)構(gòu)最符合單詞有意義的組合。 （2009年10月考題）44. A surface structure is relatively concrete.表層結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)而言是具體的。45. A surface

17、structure gives the form of a sentence as it is used in communication . 表層結(jié)構(gòu)給出了在交流中一個(gè)句子的形式。46. A deep structure is abstract .深層結(jié)構(gòu)是抽象的。47. A deep structure gives the meaning of a sentence.深層結(jié)構(gòu)解釋句子的意思。48. The basic order of T-rules for Wh-word questions is :the Wh-word insertion rule T-Yes/No question

18、 T-Do insertion the Wh-word switching rule T-Affix.對(duì)于WH問句的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則的基本順序是：T-Yes/No question T-Do insertion the Wh-word switching rule T-Affix.49. Some words do not have negative connotations when they are used generally .Nevertheless , in some contexts , they may take on additional meaning .一些單詞一般沒有負(fù)面的隱涵

19、意義，但是，在一些情境中，它們可能會(huì)表現(xiàn)出額外的意思。50. The connotation of a word is language-specific .一個(gè)單詞的隱涵意義是跟語(yǔ)言相關(guān)的。51. The word “boy” is neutral in general without any negative sense. However , when a twenty-year-old white man calls a forty-year-old black man “boy”, it obviously has a negative connotation reflecting t

20、he racist attitude of the speaker.單詞“男孩”一般而言是中性的，沒有任何的負(fù)面意義。但是，當(dāng)一個(gè)二十歲的白人稱呼一個(gè)四十歲的黑人“男孩”的時(shí)候，很明顯反映了說話者具有種族歧視態(tài)度的負(fù)面隱涵意義。52. Some words or phrases always have negative associations . For example , the English word thirteen is always associated with bad luck.一些單詞或者短語(yǔ)總是有負(fù)面的聯(lián)想。比如，英語(yǔ)單詞13總是聯(lián)想到壞運(yùn)氣。53. An English

21、 word and a Chinese equivalent may have the same denotative meaning （外延意義）but different connotations .一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞和對(duì)應(yīng)的中文漢字也許外延意義一樣，但是隱涵意義不同。54. Sometimes a word can be used as a general term as well as a specific term.有時(shí)候一個(gè)單詞可以作為一個(gè)概括意義的詞使用也可以作為一個(gè)具體意義的詞使用。55. Some words form a hierarchical structure of a h

22、yponymic relation , which moves from general to specific .At the top of the hierarchical structure is the most general term and at the bottom are the most specific terms .The terms “general ” and “specific ” are relative terms .一些單詞形成了具有上下義關(guān)系的等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，從概括意義到具體意義。在等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)最上面是概括意義的詞，而最底部的是具體意義的詞。術(shù)語(yǔ)“概括”和“具體”是

23、相對(duì)的術(shù)語(yǔ)。56. There is variability across languages as to the exact nature of particular hyponymic relationships .關(guān)于某種特定的上下義關(guān)系的具體性質(zhì)，不同語(yǔ)言之間是不一樣的。57. If two words A and B show part/whole relationship , and if A is a whole and B is a part ,then B is “a part of ”A ,but not B is “a kind of ” A.如果兩個(gè)單詞A和B,顯示了部

24、分/整體關(guān)系，而且A是一個(gè)整體，B是一個(gè)部分，那么B是A的一部分，但不是A的一種。 （2009年10月考題）58. Some synonyms have the denotative meaning but show differences in connotative meaning .一些近義詞有外延意義，但是在內(nèi)涵意義上不同。59. When we concentrate on the denotative meaning of words , we may find that words that appear to be synonymous at first glance are

25、used to refer to slightly different sets of concepts or occur in different situations of use.當(dāng)我們關(guān)注一些單詞的外延意義時(shí)，我們也許發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一眼看上去是同義詞的單詞，在概念上是稍有不同的或者使用在不同的情境里。60. Some synonyms have the same meaning but different collocations .一些同義詞意思一樣但是搭配不一樣。61. Complementary pairs of words are mutually exclusive and com

26、plementary .互補(bǔ)性反義詞是非此即彼的，是互補(bǔ)的，62. The meaning of gradable pairs of antonyms is characterized by relativity .可分等級(jí)的反義詞的意義特征在于相對(duì)性。63. In gradable pairs of antonyms , very often one is marked and the other unmarked . The unmarked member is more neutral than the marked one and is thus used in questions o

27、f degree.在可分等級(jí)的反義詞中，經(jīng)常一個(gè)是有記號(hào)的，一個(gè)沒有記號(hào)。沒有記號(hào)的比有記號(hào)的更加中性，因此被使用于具有等級(jí)的問句中。64. The semantic ambiguity（詞匯歧義） that is caused by ambiguous words rather than by ambiguous structures is called lexical ambiguity . 由有歧義的單詞而不是由有歧義的結(jié)構(gòu)所導(dǎo)致的語(yǔ)義歧義稱為詞匯歧義。65. The meaning of a sentence is much more than sum of the meanings

28、of the individual words in a sentence.一個(gè)句子的意思并不總是句子中各個(gè)獨(dú)立單詞意義的綜合。66. A recipient receives a physical object.間接賓語(yǔ)接收一個(gè)物質(zhì)實(shí)體。67. Semantic roles and grammatical functions are quite different notions .語(yǔ)義角色和語(yǔ)法功能是完全不同的概念。68. The notion of grammatical functions is independent of the notion of semantic roles.語(yǔ)

29、法功能的概念是獨(dú)立于（不依賴）語(yǔ)義角色概念的。69. Semantic roles do not appear to be constrained by grammatical functions .語(yǔ)義角色并不受到語(yǔ)法功能的限制。70. “John married a blond heiress ” entails “John married a blond ”.“約翰娶了了一個(gè)金發(fā)碧眼的女繼承人”蘊(yùn)涵了“約翰娶了一個(gè)金發(fā)碧眼的人”。江蘇省自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論（27037）錯(cuò)誤判斷題題庫(kù)及中文翻譯1. Every language contains a finite number of s

30、entences; however, it has an infinite set of words and a large set of rules, so language is creative. 每種語(yǔ)言都包括無(wú)數(shù)的句子，而這些句子由有限的規(guī)則和有限的單詞所構(gòu)造的。因此將finite 改為infinite , infinite 改為finite ,同時(shí)將large 改為small.2. In theory , the length of sentences is limited .從理論上來(lái)講，句子的長(zhǎng)度是無(wú)限的，因此將limited 改為unlimited .3. Linguisti

31、c symbols are a kind of visual symbols , which include vocal symbols 。語(yǔ)言符號(hào)包括兩種visual symbols （視覺符號(hào)）和auditory symbols （聽覺符號(hào)），同時(shí)vocal symbols ,是由人類語(yǔ)音器官發(fā)出的，它屬于auditory symbols 的一部分。不是visual symbols 的一部分。4. Every language has two levels :grammatically-meaningless and sound-meaningful. 語(yǔ)言有兩個(gè)層次：語(yǔ)法上有意義的層次和

32、聲音上無(wú)意義的層次。因此將句子改成Language has two levels .They are grammatically meaningful level and sound meaningless level.5. Such features of language as being creative ,vocal ,and arbitrary can differentiate human languages from animal communicative systems.人類語(yǔ)言區(qū)別于動(dòng)物交流系統(tǒng)的特征有創(chuàng)造性，任意性，但是vocal 卻是兩者都有的特征。6. General

33、 linguistics aims at developing a theory that describes the rules of a particular language. 普遍語(yǔ)言學(xué)把語(yǔ)言作為一個(gè)整體進(jìn)行研究，因此將a particular language 改成human languages in general . 7. Competence is more concrete than performance. 語(yǔ)言能力是抽象的，而語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用是具體的，因此需要將more 改成less.8. Descriptive linguistics attempts to establish

34、 a theory which accounts for the rules of language in general. 描寫語(yǔ)言學(xué)關(guān)注一種特定的語(yǔ)言。因此將language in general 改為a particular language.9. All sounds produced by human speech organs are linguistic symbols. 不是所有由人類語(yǔ)音器官發(fā)出的聲音都是語(yǔ)言符號(hào)。因此需要在are 后面加上not 10. Language is arbitrary, which means that any individual speake

35、r has the freedom to determine the pronunciation of a word. 語(yǔ)言是任意的，但不是指任何一個(gè)人都有自由決定一個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音。而是指The relationship between the sounds and their meanings is arbitrary .聲音和他們的意義之間的關(guān)系是任意的。11. Some languages are primitive and some languages are advanced.不能簡(jiǎn)單地說某些語(yǔ)言是低級(jí)的，而某些語(yǔ)言是高級(jí)的。12. Morphological knowledge is

36、 a native speakers intuition about how a sentence is formed . 形態(tài)學(xué)知識(shí)是語(yǔ)言者關(guān)于單詞是如何形成的知識(shí)。因此需要將sentence 改成word.13. Phonetics is the science that deals with the sound system. 音位學(xué)是研究語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)的科學(xué)。因此需要將phonetics 改為phonology .14. A diachronic study of a language is concerned with a state of a language at a particul

37、ar point of time. 語(yǔ)言的共時(shí)性研究關(guān)注的是處于某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)言所做的描述。因此需要將整句改成The synchronic study of a language is concerned with a “state” of a language at a particular point of time.15. Phonology is the study of speech sounds of all human languages . 語(yǔ)音學(xué)是對(duì)所有人類語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)音研究。因此需要將phonology 改成phonetics .16. Acoustic phonetics i

38、s concerned with how a sound is produced by the vocal organs . 發(fā)音語(yǔ)音學(xué)研究聲音是如何通過發(fā)音器官形成的。因此需要將整句改成Articulatory phonetics is concerned with how a sound is produced by the vocal organs.17. All consonants are produced with vocal-cord vibration .所有的元音都是通過聲帶振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的。所以要將consonants 改成vowels . （2010年1月考題）18. Ther

39、e are 72 symbols for consonants and 25 for vowels in English .國(guó)際音標(biāo)中共有72個(gè)符號(hào)代表輔音，25個(gè)符號(hào)代表元音，并不是在英語(yǔ)中。所以要將English 改成IPA.19. Bilabials are different from alveolars in terms of manner of articulation .根據(jù)發(fā)音位置的不同，雙唇音和齒齦音是不同的。而不是根據(jù)發(fā)音方法的不同。所以要將manner 改成place .20. When two articualtors are brought together to f

40、orm a complete closure which is followed by a sudden release ,the sounds are called affricates.在發(fā)音器官形成完全徹底的阻礙的情況下，阻礙一下子被釋放，同時(shí)氣流有聲地發(fā)出，這樣產(chǎn)生的語(yǔ)音叫做爆破音。所以要將affricates 改成plosives .21. All the back vowels are rounded vowels .并不是所有的后元音都是圓唇元音，在英語(yǔ)中，除了a:之外所有的后元音都是圓唇音。22. Triphthongs are produced by glide from o

41、ne vowel to another rapidly and continuously .對(duì)于三合元音的定義是這樣的：Triphthongs are produced by moving from one vowel position to another and then rapidly and continuously to a third one .23. The sounds that are in free variation are allophones of the same phoneme. 處于互補(bǔ)性分布并且語(yǔ)音上相似的兩個(gè)音是同一個(gè)音位的音位變體。而不是處于自由變異的兩個(gè)

42、音。所以要將整句改成The sounds that are in complementary distribution and also phonetically similar are allophones of the same phoneme.。（2009年10月考題）24. Chinese is an intonation language. 中文是聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言，而英語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)調(diào)語(yǔ)言，因此需要將intonation 改寫成tone .或者將Chinese 改寫成English . （2010年1月考題）25. A phoneme is defined as a minimal meaningf

43、ul unit in the sound system of a language. 音位被定義成在語(yǔ)言的發(fā)音系統(tǒng)中最小的具有甄別性特征的單位。因此需要將meaningful 改寫成distinctive . （2009年10月考題）26. Allophones are the realizations of phonemes in general. 音子是整個(gè)音位的體現(xiàn)，因此需要將Allophones 改寫成Phones . （2009年10月考題）27. Phones are the realizations of a specific phoneme. 音位變體是某一具體音位的體現(xiàn)。所以

44、需要將Phones 改寫成Allophones . （2009年10月考題）28. If two or more sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound for another brings about a change of meaning, they are in free variation. 如果兩個(gè)或者更多的音在同一種環(huán)境下能夠發(fā)生，并且一個(gè)語(yǔ)音代替另一個(gè)語(yǔ)音會(huì)產(chǎn)生意義的改變，他們就是對(duì)比分布。因此需要將free variation 改寫成contrastive distri

45、bution .29. If two or more sounds never appear in the same environment, they are said to be in contrastive distribution. 如果兩個(gè)或者更多的音從不會(huì)在同一種環(huán)境下發(fā)生，他們就是互補(bǔ)分布。因此需要將整句改寫成If two or more sounds never appear in the same environment ,they are said to be in complementary distribution . （2009年10月考題）30. If two so

46、unds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound for the other does not cause a change of meaning ,then they are said to be in complementary distribution . 如果兩個(gè)音能在同一環(huán)境下發(fā)生，并且一個(gè)語(yǔ)音代替另一個(gè)不會(huì)導(dǎo)致意義的改變，那么他們就是自由變異。因此需要將complementary distribution改寫成free variation .31. In English, the sup

47、rasegmental features include stress, tone and juncture. 在英語(yǔ)中，超切分特征有三種：重音，語(yǔ)調(diào)和連音，因此需要將tone 改寫成intonation .32. A morpheme is a minimal distinctive unit in the grammatical system of a language. 詞素被定義為語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法體系中最小的意義單位。而不是區(qū)別性單位。因此需要將distinctive 改寫成meaningful . （2009年10月考題）33. All bound morphemes are affixe

48、s .并不是所有的黏附詞素都是詞綴。在英語(yǔ)中，就有一些黏附詞素就是詞根，而不是詞綴。比如說tele 和vise.在比如ceive 在receive , deceive. perceive 中，都是黏附詞素，因?yàn)閏eive 不能在句子中獨(dú)立使用，然而確是這三個(gè)單詞的詞根。（注意：All free morphemes are roots but not all roots are free morphemes ,all affixes are bound morphemes ,but not all bound morphemes are affixes .所有的自由詞素都是詞根，但不是所有的詞根

49、都是自由詞素。所有的詞綴都是黏附詞素，但不是所有的黏附詞素都是詞綴。）34. Not all affixes are bound morphemes. 所有的詞綴都是黏附詞素，比如de, dis ,ir , ly tion ,able ,ible ,ful 等。（注意：All free morphemes are roots but not all roots are free morphemes ,all affixes are bound morphemes ,but not all bound morphemes are affixes .所有的自由詞素都是詞根，但不是所有的詞根都是自由

50、詞素。所有的詞綴都是黏附詞素，但不是所有的黏附詞素都是詞綴。）35. Inflectional affixes serve to create new words. 屈折詞綴或者屈折詞素，表現(xiàn)的是語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，如數(shù)、性、時(shí)態(tài)、態(tài)、格和級(jí)。因此需要將create new words 改寫成indicate grammatical relations , （2010年1月考題）36. Derivational affixes serve to indicate grammatical relations. 屈折詞綴或者屈折詞素，表現(xiàn)的是語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，如數(shù)、性、時(shí)態(tài)、態(tài)、格和級(jí)。因此需要將derivatio

51、nal affixes 改寫成inflectional affixes . 同時(shí)需要注意派生詞綴是用來(lái)創(chuàng)造新的單詞的。（2010年1月考題）37. When a new word is formed by putting an affix to the base, the process involved is called affixation .Here the term base refers to both inflectional and derivational affix. 當(dāng)一個(gè)新單詞是通過添加一個(gè)詞綴到詞基上形成的，所涉及的過程被稱為詞綴法。（2010年1月考題）38. De

52、rivational affixes cause a change in grammatical class.派生詞綴經(jīng)常改變單詞的語(yǔ)法類型。因此需要將整句改寫成：Derivational affixes often , but not always , change the grammatical class of words .39. If two or more minimal meaningful sequences of phonemes are the same in form but different in meanings, then there are regarded a

53、s one morph .如果兩個(gè)或者更多音位的最小的有意義的序列在意思上一樣，但是形式不同的話，那么形素和形式一樣多。40. Phones are the realizations of a particular morpheme .詞素變體是某一具體詞素的體現(xiàn)。因此需要將Phones 改寫成Allomorphs . （2009年10月考題）41. Allophones are the realizations of a specific phone .音位變體是某一具體音位的體現(xiàn)。所以需要將phone 改寫成phoneme . （2009年10月考題）42. Some new words

54、are created simply by changing their parts of speech .The process involved is called blending. 一些新單詞只是通過改變他們的詞性而創(chuàng)造的，這種過程被稱為轉(zhuǎn)類法。因此需要將blending 改成conversion .43. Allomorphs are the realizations of a particular morph. 詞素變體是某一具體詞素的體現(xiàn)。因此需要將morph 改寫成morpheme .44. Some new words are created simply by changi

55、ng their parts of speech .The process involved is called affixation. 一些新單詞只是通過改變他們的詞性而創(chuàng)造的，這種過程被稱為轉(zhuǎn)類法。因此需要將affixation 改成conversion .45. If two or more separate words are conjoined to produce a form which is used as a single word, the combining process is known as blending. 如果兩個(gè)或者更多的獨(dú)立單詞合在一起形成可以被作為一個(gè)單

56、獨(dú)的單詞而使用的形式，這種合并的過程就是復(fù)合法。因此需要將blending 改成compounding 46. Compounding is a process in which a compound is made by blending parts of two words . 混合法是一種通過刪除或者合并兩個(gè)單詞的部分而構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合詞的過程。因此需要將compounding 改成blending . （2009年10月考題）47. By prefixation, we delete a suffix from an apparently complex form instead of a

57、dding a suffix. It may be regarded as the opposite case of suffixation. 通過逆序造詞法或者逆生法，我們刪除掉一個(gè)復(fù)雜形式的后綴而不是添加后綴。它可以被認(rèn)為是后綴法的反過程。因此需要將prefixation 改成back-formation .48. If the words or phrases in a sentence can be replaced by words and phrases outside the sentence and the resulting sentence is still grammat

58、ical then we say the replacing forms and replaced forms have syntagmatic relations .如果一個(gè)句子中的單詞或者短語(yǔ)可以被句子外的單詞和短語(yǔ)所替代，并且產(chǎn)生的句子仍然合乎語(yǔ)法，那么我們可以說取代的成分和被取代的成分有縱聚合關(guān)系。因此需要將syntagmatic 改成paradigmatic （因?yàn)樘娲P(guān)系就是縱聚合關(guān)系。）49. Morphology is a science that is concerned with how words are combined to form phrases and how phrases are combined by rules to form sentences. 句法學(xué)關(guān)注單詞是如何組合成短語(yǔ)以及短語(yǔ)是如何通過規(guī)則形成句子的。而形態(tài)學(xué)研究的是單詞的構(gòu)成和單詞的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)。因此需要將Morphology 改寫成Syntax.50. Dynamically, we make structural descriptions of sentences to illustrate the parts of sentences and the rela