語(yǔ)法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練---介詞

1、語(yǔ)法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練-介詞介詞是高考中的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)，在連續(xù)兩年的廣東高考中都有兩空是專門(mén)考查介詞的，占語(yǔ)法填空的五分之一。該題要求 在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~”的限定，所以我們要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注簡(jiǎn)單介詞（一個(gè)單詞的介詞），主要考點(diǎn)有：1. 表示時(shí)間介詞有：at, i n, on 表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)和時(shí)間段by 不遲于，到時(shí)為止 after在之后before 在之前si nee 自從for表示一段時(shí)間； during 在期間within在期間，不超過(guò)throughout 貫穿期間over在期間，過(guò)完一段時(shí)間fromto .從至卩un til/till直到betwee n在之間2. 表示方位的介詞有：into進(jìn)入；

2、out of從出來(lái)；along沿著；（a）round圍饒著或在的各處；down沿而下；up沿而上；from 從；off從離開(kāi)或下來(lái)；at朝著或向著；for至U去; to到或向；towards向或朝著；at在某一點(diǎn)或在（某物）旁；in在某一范圍內(nèi)；on在某物的表面上；above在的上頭或高出；below在下面或低于；among在（多者）之中；between在（兩者）之間；around在周圍；in side在的里面；outside在的外面；before在之前；behind在的后面；over在的上方或上面；under在的下面或下方；beside/by在的旁邊；near在的附近；beyond在的那一邊

3、，遠(yuǎn)于，超過(guò)（某事物的范圍）；across在的對(duì)面或那一邊；across從一邊到另一邊；by/past從某人或某物的旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)； over從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過(guò)； through從某事物的里面經(jīng)過(guò)。3. 表示原因的介詞有 because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at（常放在表示情感變化后的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或名詞后表示原因，相當(dāng)于聽(tīng)到或看到”等。4. 表示方式、方法或手段的介詞有by乘、坐、騎（接交通工具）,靠、通過(guò)；in用（某種語(yǔ)言或材料，如墨水等）;with用（具體的工具），和一起；through通過(guò)（實(shí)踐或書(shū)本）等。5. 表示 除夕卜"的介詞有

4、 except, besides, but, except for 等。6. 表示 數(shù)量”勺about（大約）,around（大約）,over（超過(guò)）等；表示 關(guān)于”勺o(hù)n, about等；表示 所 屬”部分與整體關(guān)系”的of;表示（增加/減少，相差，高出等的）程度的by;以及as（當(dāng)作，作 為）,like（像一樣）等。7. 能接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的介詞有with和without o8. 短語(yǔ)中的介詞。女口動(dòng)詞+介詞"短語(yǔ)，如look after, care for, congratulations on等； 動(dòng)詞+ 副詞 + 介詞"短語(yǔ)，如 catch up with, get o

5、n with, work hard at, do well in 等； 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞 + 介 詞"take are of, take notice of等;名詞+介詞”，如effect on等。解題技巧：1什么情況下可能是填介詞？我們首先必須知道兩點(diǎn)：（1）介詞必須要接賓語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞，或者what從句；（2）名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞在句中通常作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)、介詞的賓語(yǔ)。因此，我們?cè)诮獯鹫Z(yǔ)法填空時(shí)，若空格后是名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，且他們不是在句中作主 語(yǔ)，也不是在動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)格空就很可能是填介詞。2. 應(yīng)該填哪個(gè)介詞？在判斷可能填介詞之后，要根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境

6、來(lái)確定填哪個(gè)介詞，特別是根據(jù)空格所在句子的意思來(lái)選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。另外，以下幾條思路對(duì)解題非常有用：（1）由介詞短語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)確定。2008年廣東高考36題，感到累了”應(yīng)當(dāng)是 干活一整天之后”故填after。（2）由所處句型的特殊需要來(lái)確定。如 2008年廣東高考31題，這是一個(gè)there be句型，該句型一般是表示在某個(gè)地點(diǎn)存在某人或某物”可見(jiàn) “these proverbs應(yīng)當(dāng)是表示地點(diǎn)的；不難得知 有趣故事”應(yīng)當(dāng)是在 這些成語(yǔ)的背后”故填behind。由特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系來(lái)確定。如能接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）的介詞只能是 with或without （4）考慮介詞（空格）與前面的動(dòng)詞或

7、名詞之間的搭配關(guān)系，或者介詞（空格）與后面名詞之間的搭配關(guān)系來(lái)確定具體要填的介詞。例 1Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people 'daily life. these proverbs there are ofte n in terest ing stories.（廣東）分析：因these proverbs是名詞，且不是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，前面很可能是填介詞；句 意是 在中國(guó)的這些成語(yǔ)故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”表示 在背后”用介詞behind。例 2He was very t

8、ireddoing this for a whole day.分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示 因而累” be tired from也是固定短語(yǔ)，故也可填from。例 3the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receivi ng mea guest in their house.分析：句意是把我們作為客人接待”表示當(dāng)作，作為”用介詞as。例 4l wan ted to reward the old woma nthe tro

9、uble I had caused her.分析：句意是我想酬謝我們給她造成了麻煩的那個(gè)年邁的婦女?！北硎疽蚨曛x/報(bào)答某人”是reward sb. for sth.,即用for引出原因，故填for。類似的表達(dá)還有 ：thank sb. for sth.; praise sb. for sth.; punish sb. for sth.等。一、單句填空：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sanka chair.（ 安徽）2. If you really have to leave during

10、the meeting, you' d better leave 北京）the back door.（3. A great man shows his greatnessthe way he treats little men. （福建 ）4. You have no idea how she finished the relay raceher foot wounded so much.（ 福建）5. I like Mr. Miner' s speech; it was clear andthejp寧i）t.（6. Let ' s learn to use the p

11、roblem we are facinga steppsigne to future success.（寧夏）7. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I likeworking here.（全國(guó) n ）8. I began to feelhome in the new school when I saw some familiar faces.（ 山東）9. Elizabeth has already achieved successher wildest dreams.（陜西）10. Everything was pe

12、rfect for the picnic exceptthe weather.（ 浙江）11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior schoolgirls of your age. （ 北京）12. Althoughmy opinion, the old professor didn' t come 福w）th his own.（13. the silenee of t he pauses, we could hear each other' s breathing and could almost hearou

13、r own heartbeats.（湖南）14. Scientists are convincedthe positive effect of laughterphysical and mentalhealth.（江西）15. Experts have bee n warningsome time of the health risks caused by passive smok ing.（江西）16. The manager suggested an earlier datethe meeting.（全國(guó) I）17. Some people choose jobs for other re

14、asonsmoney these days.（全國(guó) II）18. Some students often listen to musicclasses to refresh themselves.（四川）19. The ope n-air celebrati on has bee n put off becausethe bad weather.（浙江）20. Sorry, Madam. You ' d better come tomorrow because it' st福建siting hours.（21. It ' s quiteme why such thing

15、s have been alldwe happen.（安徽）22. It ' s a top secret.Yes, I see. I will keep the secretyou and me.（上海）23. People have always been curioushow living things on the earth exactly began.（ 遼寧）24. After the earthquake, the injured were cared in the local hospitals or taken to thehospitals in the neig

16、hboring cities.（江西）25. I would like a job which pays more, butthe other hand I enjoy the work I' m d（the moment.（浙江）26. More and more young people are fondplaying tennis nowadays.（ 上海）27. Leave your key with a neighborcase you lock yourself out one day.（ 北京）28. Villagers here depend on the fishi

17、ng industry,which there won' t be much woi（上海）29. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further,which New Yorkis an example.（四川）30. By nine o ' clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, which appeared a rare rainbow soon.（福建）31. The

18、book was writte n in 1946,whe n the educati on system has wit nessed great charges.（山東）32. He was educated at the local high school,which he went on to Beijing University.（ 江蘇）33. Huma n facial expressi ons differ from those of an imals in the degreewhich they can becon trolled on purpose.（重慶）二、語(yǔ)篇模擬

19、：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sun day in June. The idea for creat ing a day 1childre n tohonor their fathers bega n in Spoka ne. Wash ington. A woman2the n ame of Sonora SmartDodd thought3 the idea for Father's Day while listening to a Mother's Day sermon41909.Havi ng bee n raised 5 her father, Henry Jack