社會調(diào)查研究與方法復習題1

1、選擇題1. _ are fundamental frames of reference.A. perspectivesB. theoriesC. paradigmsD. methods2. _ can lend insights into the nature of interactions in ordinary social life.A. symbolic interactionismB. conflict theoryC. structural functionalismD. feminist theory3. _ is/are systematic sets of interrela

2、ted statements intended to explain some aspect of social life.A. answersB. knowledgeC. practicalityD. theories4. Though the norm of voluntary participation is important, it is often:A. justifiably violatedB. not receivedC. impossible to followD. all of these choices5. Both ethics and politics hinge

3、on:A. idiographic researchB. power and resourcesC. manifest researchD. ideological points of view6. Ethics are not a consideration in which one of the following fields of research? Or do ethics enter in all of these fields?A. natural sciencesB. medicalC. sociologyD. ethics enter in all of them7. Whi

4、ch of these are among the purposes of research?A. explorationB. descriptionC. explanationD. all of these choices8. What do social researchers mean when they say there is a causal relationship between education and racial tolerance?A. there is a statistical correlation between the two variablesB. a p

5、ersons educational level occurred before their current level of toleranceC. there is no third variable that can explain away the observed correlationD. all of these choices9. A _ is probabilistic and usually incomplete.A. nomothetic explanationB. correlationC. spurious relationshipD. theory10. The _

6、 of concepts in scientific inquiry depends on nominal and operational definitions.A. specificationB. interchangeabilityC. functioningD. network11. A level of measurement describing a variable whose attributes are rank-ordered and have equal distances between adjacent attributes are _.A. ratio measur

7、esB. interval measuresC. nominal measuresD. ordinal measures12. In the simplest experimental design, subjects are measured in terms of a _ variable exposed to an _ variable.A. pretested; posttestedB. fluid; staticC. independent; dependentD. dependent; independent13. Which of these are among the many

8、 advantages that underlie the growing popularity of telephone surveys?A. moneyB. timeC. convenienceD. all of these choices14. A_ is an instrument specifically designed to elicit information that will be useful for analysis.A. questionnaireB. statementC. queryD. none of these choices15. _ refers to m

9、ental images.A. perspectivesB. theoriesC. conceptionD. methods16.The three main elements of the traditional model of science are A. theory, operationalization, observation.B. operationalization, hypothesis testing, theory.C. observation, experimentation, operationalization.D. theory, observation, hy

10、pothesis testing.17. Which of the following is the best example of a hypothesis?A. The greater the level of education, the greater the tolerance for alternative lifestyles.B. Socialization in childhood has a significant impact on adolescent gender-role identity.C. There are more female than male col

11、lege students.D. Religiosity equals frequency of church attendance and praying.18. The paradigm that accounts for the impact of economic conditions on family structures isA. symbolic interactionism.B. structural functionalism.C. positivism.D. conflict.19. The major justification the social scientist

12、 has for requesting participation in a study is thatA. it may help the respondent.B. it may help all humanity.C. it may help the social scientist.D. it may help government officials make policy decisions.20. The controversy surrounding Laud Humphreys study of homosexuals suggests he most violated wh

13、ich of the following ethical principles?A. anonymity and confidentialityB. harm to subjects and data reporting without identificationC. concealed identity of researcher and anonymityD. harm to subjects and anonymity21. Which of the following is not a difference between ethical and political aspects

14、of social research? Or are they all differences?A. Ethical considerations are more objective than political considerations.B. Ethical aspects include a professional code of ethics, whereas political aspects do not.C. Ethics deal more with methods, whereas political issues deal with substance.D. Ethi

15、cal norms have been established, whereas political norms, for the most part, have not been established.22. A _ represents a condition that, if present, guarantees the effect in question.A. hypothesisB. sufficient causeC. practical issueD. necessary cause23. _ refers to mental images.E. perspectivesF

16、. theoriesG. conceptionH. methods24. The mental process whereby fuzzy and imprecise notions are made more specific and precise is called _.A. constructionB. reificationC. conceptualizationD. none of these choices25. _ is a technique for assigning experimental subjects to experimental and control gro

17、ups randomly.A. nonprobability analysesB. matchingC. randomizationD. none of these choices26. _ groups are groups of subjects to whom an experimental stimulus is administered.A. control B. experimentalC. purposiveD. triad27. When is survey research the best method available?A. when collecting origin

18、al dataB. when describing a population too large to observe directlyC. when measuring attitudesD. all of these choices28. A _is a survey question intended for only some respondents, determined by their responses to some other question.A. snowball questionB. contingency questionC. purposive questionD

19、. regressive question29. Which is not an advantage of survey research?A. increased validityB. increased reliabilityC. increased generalizabilityD. increased flexibility in analysis30. Which of these are among the purposes of research?E. explorationF. descriptionG. explanationH. all of these choices3

20、1. Which of the following is not a step in deductive theory construction? Or are they all steps?A. specify the topicB. identify the major concepts and variablesC. identify propositions about the relationships among those variablesD. reason logically from those propositions to the specific topic one

21、is examining32. Which constraints must be placed on social research for it to be considered realistic?A. scientific constraintsB. administrative constraintsC. ethical constraintsD. all of these choices33. _ is a norm in which subjects base their voluntary participation in research projects on a full

22、 understanding of the possible risks involved.A. research participationB. the Hawthorne effectC. informed consentD. the code of ethics34. Scientific inquiry comes down to:A. making observationsB. interpreting what youve observedC. both a and bD. none of these choices35. A _ is an empirical relations

23、hip between two variables such that changes in one are associated with changes in the other.A. nomothetic explanationB. regression analysisC. correlationD. spurious relationship36. Social researchers tend to choose_ as their units of analysis.A. social interactionsB. social artifactsC. groupsD. indi

24、viduals37. Which of the following are examples of nominal measures?A. genderB. religious affiliationC. political party affiliationD. all of these choices38. In social research, the process of coming to an agreement about what terms mean is _.A. hypothesesB. conceptualizationC. guessesD. variables39.

25、 Which of the following represent those classifications of things that scientists can measure, according to Abraham Kaplan?A. direct observablesB. indirect observablesC. constructsD. all of these choices40. _ questions have a respondent select an answer from among a list provided.A. open-endedB. pre

26、testC. experimentalD. closed-ended41. As a general rule, a questionnaire should be:A. spread outB. unclutteredC. relevantD. all of these choices42. What is the major weakness with the previous question? A. It is socially desirable.B. It is too long.C. It is biased.D. It is double-barreled.43. The ma

27、jor problem with secondary analysis pertains to A. theory.B. hypotheses.C. validity.D. sampling.44. A level of measurement describing a variable whose attributes are rank-ordered and have equal distances between adjacent attributes are _.E. ratio measuresF. interval measuresG. nominal measuresH. ord

28、inal measures45. The three main elements of the traditional model of science are E. theory, operationalization, observation.F. operationalization, hypothesis testing, theory.G. observation, experimentation, operationalization.H. theory, observation, hypothesis testing.名詞解釋1、Systematic sampling2、Indu

29、ction3、The ecological fallacy4. Dimension5. Nominal definition 6. Macrotheory and Micreotheory7、Deduction8、Reductionism9、Ordinal Measure10. Closed-ended questions11. Indicator12. Ratio Measures 13、Interval Measures14、Reliability15、Sampling frame16. Open-ended questions17. Paradigms 18. Structural Fu

30、nctionalism簡答題1. Errors in Inquiry and Some Solutions2. Theory functions three ways in research. 3. What level of measurementnominal, ordinal, interval, or ratiodescribes each of the following variables?a. Race (white, African American, Asian, and so on)b. Order of finish in a race (first, second, t

31、hird, and so on)c. Number of children in familiesd. Populations of nationse. Attitudes toward nuclear energy (strongly approve, approve, disapprove, strongly disapprove)4. Three purposes of research 5. There are three main criteria for nomothetic causal relationships in social research 6. Here are s

32、ome examples of real research topics. For each excerpt, can you name the unit of analysis?a. Women watch TV more than men because they are likely to work fewer hours outside the home than men.Black people watch an average of approximately three-quarters of an hour more television per day than white

33、people. b. Of the 130 incorporated U.S. cities with more than 100，000 inhabitants in 1960,126 had at least two short-term nonproprietary general hospitals accredited by the American Hospital Association. c. Though 667000 out of 2 million farmers in the United States are women, women historically hav

34、e not been viewed as farmers, but rather, as the farmers wife.d. This analysis explores whether propositions and empirical findings of contemporary theories of organizations directly apply to both private product producing organizations(PPOS)and pulic human service organizations (PSOS). e. The early TM transcendental meditation organizations were small and informal