高中英語(yǔ)課外輔導(dǎo)：英語(yǔ)應(yīng)對(duì)策略與基礎(chǔ)寫作指導(dǎo)

1、優(yōu)質(zhì)文本高中英語(yǔ)課外輔導(dǎo)：英語(yǔ)應(yīng)對(duì)策略與根底寫作指導(dǎo)第一講記敘文：如何寫人一、寫作指導(dǎo)高考英語(yǔ)根底寫作中的寫人側(cè)重人物的介紹，可以用第一人稱(如寫求職信)，也可以用第三人稱，時(shí)態(tài)常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，具體的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要依據(jù)寫作的要求來(lái)確定。寫作過(guò)程中要注意以下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題：1 人物寫作通常需要介紹人物的姓名、年齡、外貌、學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷、專業(yè)、愛(ài)好、特長(zhǎng)、事跡、性格等多個(gè)方面，但英 語(yǔ)根底寫作需要嚴(yán)格按照寫作要求來(lái)寫，包括所給的全部信息點(diǎn)，既不能遺漏，也不能隨意添加。2對(duì)題目所給的信息要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)重組，安排好寫作順序，突岀重點(diǎn)信息。重點(diǎn)信息通常是寫作的目的所在，比方求職 要重點(diǎn)突岀學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷

2、，新聞報(bào)道要重點(diǎn)突岀事跡，介紹自己的老師、朋友要突岀他們的特點(diǎn)，等等。3正確運(yùn)用描寫人物的詞匯和句型。4注意運(yùn)用正確的時(shí)態(tài)。描寫人物的外貌、性格、興趣等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而描寫人物的岀生、教育背景、經(jīng)歷、事 跡常用一二般過(guò)去時(shí)。二、常用詞語(yǔ)夕卜貌特征： beautiful, big nose, black eyes，fat, good-looking，handsome, healthy, near-sighted， ordinary-looking ， pretty， short，strong, tall， thin, with a big nose, with a big smile, whi

3、te-haired ， 1.80 metres tall, etc.性格特點(diǎn)： absent-minded, attractive，bad-tempered，be ready to help others, bright，charming，confident, diligent，friendly, generous, have a good temper, humorous, independent, kind, kind-hearted， lazy，narrow-minded, naughty，patient， think of others, smart，talkative， warm-h

4、earted， wise， etc.出生年齡： a twenty-five-year-old young man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 20, be born on February 12th, 1987 , during his childhood, in one ' s fifties, live a happy/ hard life, spend his childhood in the countryside, the son of a poor family, wHheiwas a small boy, etc.興趣愛(ài)好： be ang

5、ry with sb for sth, be angry about, be delighted in doing, be good at singing, be interested in English, be fondof music, be crazy about, be pleased with, be sick for, be sorry for, be strict in one' s work,ibeeseaieblabout, do well inwork, ,enjoy doing, expect to do, feel surprised at, have a s

6、trong desire to do, look forward to doing sth., long for (long to do), make rapid progress in, put one' s heart into, take a pleasure in doing; wish to do, work hard at his studies, etc.教育背景：be admitted to Beijing University, be enrolled in, fail in the test, get a master ' s degree, get on

7、well with one ' slessons, give sb. a passing grade, go abroad to further one' s study, graduate from Physics Department of Qhisghua University,father was very strict with him, lay a good foundation in English, major in history, rece ive a doctor ' s degree, pass the examination, study ha

8、rd at, take several courses at school, take an active part in class when at college, etc.經(jīng)歷事跡：become a member of the team, concentrate oneself to doing sth., devote oneself to one usiness, do sthsvtoith greatdetermination and perseverance, do research into this field, encourage sb to do sth, fight f

9、or our revo lutionary course, give up one life for sth, have a good way of doing sth, have a talent for language, make up onedo sth., overcome; many toifficulties,receive the Nobel Prize for physics, serve as nurse, set a new world record of 110 metre hurdling, try onewin thefirst prize in the compe

10、tition, win a gold /silver/ bronze medal, etc.他人評(píng)價(jià)： an inspiring leader, a model worker, an advanced teacher, be respected by all his students, be honored as, be considered as, be famous/known as, be regarded as, his hard work brought him great success, make great contributions to our country, one o

11、f the most important persons in the past ten years, consider sb. as a genius, consider sb. as the greatest leader, set a good example for all of us, speak highly of him, etc.三、實(shí)例分析【例1】李華自我介紹假設(shè)你是李華，申請(qǐng)到一家外資企業(yè)工作，你需要用英文給人事部經(jīng)理寫一封信，介紹自己的根本情況，簡(jiǎn)介信包括下表所列內(nèi)容：姓名 李華 出生年月1981年8月岀生地廣東省佛山市學(xué)歷19942000佛山第一中學(xué)20002004大學(xué)

12、計(jì)算機(jī)系2004至今在一家計(jì)算機(jī)公司工作所學(xué)主要課程 計(jì)算機(jī)、中文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語(yǔ)、體育特長(zhǎng)愛(ài)好游泳曾獲得過(guò)大學(xué)游泳比賽一等獎(jiǎng)，音樂(lè)寫作要求：1. 簡(jiǎn)介必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好；2. 使用5個(gè)句子。Dear Manager,I am waiting for your reply.Thank you.Yours Truly,s best to(Li Hua寫作指導(dǎo)：文體 記敘文，用第一人稱信息組織 寫信目的，到貴公司工作；姓名、出生地點(diǎn)、日期；學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)歷；學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，現(xiàn)在情況；愛(ài)好和特長(zhǎng)時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)參考范文：Dear Manager,I am writing you a

13、letter in order to apply for a position in your company. My name is Li Hua and I was born in Foshan City of Guangdong Province in August 1981. I studied in Foshan No. 1 Middle School from 1994 - 2000, and then I came to study in the Computer Department of Guangzhou University for four years. I studi

14、ed computer science, Chinese, maths, English, P.E, and now I am working for a computer company. I like pop music and swimming very much, and I once won the first prize for swimming in the school competition. I am waiting for your reply.Thank you.Yours Truly,Li Hua【例2】介紹姚明和劉翔假設(shè)你是李華，正在美國(guó)參加學(xué)習(xí)，課堂上老師要求你簡(jiǎn)

15、要介紹我國(guó)的名人，你選擇了姚明和劉翔，兩位體育明星，他 們的根本情況如下：姓名姚明劉翔出生1980年，上海 1983年，上海事跡世界著名籃球運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在美國(guó)NBA火箭隊(duì)效力，球隊(duì)主力隊(duì)員之一，屢次進(jìn)入美國(guó)全明星隊(duì)。屢次獲得世界110米欄冠軍，2004年雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍，不久以后還打破了世界記錄。愛(ài)好聽(tīng)流行音樂(lè)音樂(lè)，唱歌寫作要求：1. 簡(jiǎn)介必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)為你寫好；2. 使用5個(gè)句子。3. 參考詞匯：火箭隊(duì) Rocket，110 米欄 110-metre hurdling，雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)the Athens Olympic GamesHi, everyone. I would like t

16、o introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang.That' s all. Thank you!寫作指導(dǎo)：文體 記敘文，用第三人稱信息組織 有兩條線索：一是分別比照兩人的各項(xiàng)情況，二是先介紹姚明，再介紹劉翔。第二條線索比擬好。姚明，籃球運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)，出生；主力隊(duì)員，明星隊(duì)；劉翔，110米欄世界冠軍；04雅典冠軍，打破記錄；兩人的愛(ài)好。時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)參考例文：Hi, everyone. I woul d like to introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and L

17、iu Xiang. Yao Ming, born in Shanghai in 1980, is a world famous basketball player. He is now one of the best players in Team Rocket in NBA, and he has been in All-Star Team for several times. Liu Xiang, who was also born in Shanghai but three years younger than Yao Ming, is a world champion in the 1

18、10-metre hurdls. He won the first prize in the Athens Olympic Games and broke the world record soon after that. Both of them love music, but Yao Ming likes listening to pop music whilst Liu Xiang likes singing.四、即時(shí)練習(xí)1. 介紹同學(xué)假設(shè)你是李華，學(xué)校網(wǎng)站英文版通訊員，最近學(xué)校網(wǎng)站準(zhǔn)備宣傳一些優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，請(qǐng)你用英文為李敏同學(xué)寫一篇簡(jiǎn)介，李敏同學(xué)的根本情況如下：姓名李敏職務(wù)高二1班班長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn)

19、健康、活潑 愛(ài)好體育活動(dòng)，唱歌跳舞事跡她各科成績(jī)都好，但她剛進(jìn)校時(shí)，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有困難，經(jīng)過(guò)努力，成績(jī)上去了。2006年參加全國(guó)物理奧林匹克競(jìng)賽并獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。她嚴(yán)于律己，樂(lè)于助人。寫作要求：1. 簡(jiǎn)介必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容；2. 版面有限，只能使用5個(gè)句子。寫作指導(dǎo):文體 記敘文，用第三人稱信息組織 姓名、職務(wù)、特點(diǎn)；愛(ài)好、成績(jī)；英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)困難；04物理竟賽；她的品格時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)2. 介紹兩位年輕人假設(shè)你是李華，正在倫敦的一條街上購(gòu)物，突然有兩個(gè)年輕人匆匆走過(guò)，引起了你的注意，你就向不遠(yuǎn)處的一位警察反映，正好他在尋找兩名小偷，他請(qǐng)你書面描述一下那兩位年輕人的特征，你所看到的根本情況如下：

20、年輕人之一年輕人之二身高約1 . 90米約1. 65米長(zhǎng)相 高鼻子，大嘴巴，禿頭 小鼻子，小眼睛，卷頭發(fā)衣著 藍(lán)上衣，舊皮鞋 黑色的褲子，運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋神色 匆匆忙忙，四處張望，每人手上都拿著一個(gè)塑料袋。逃離方向 沿著這條街，在紅燈處左拐彎。寫作要求：1. 書面描述必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容；2. 使用5個(gè)句子。參考詞匯：禿頭 bald head，卷頭發(fā) curly hair寫作指導(dǎo)：文體記敘文，用第三人稱，側(cè)重描寫這兩個(gè)人的外表特征。信息組織 信息組織可以有兩條線索，一是分別逐項(xiàng)比照，二是先描述一個(gè)，再描述另一個(gè)。選擇第一種比擬容易區(qū)分。身高比照；長(zhǎng)相比照；衣著比照；神色；方向時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

21、，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)參考范文1. Li Ming, the monitor of Class 1 Grade 2, is healthy and lively. She does well in all her subjects, and she is fond of sports, singing and dancing. When she came to school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language, but with great efforts she made alot of progress in he

22、r English language study. In 2006 she took part in the National Physics Olympic Competition and won the first prize. Li Ming is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help other people.2. One is about 1.90 metres tall, and the other is only about 1.65 metres, qui

23、te short. The taller has a big nose, a big mouth and a bald head, whilst the shorter one has a small nose, small eyes and curly hair. The taller is wearing a blue jacket, a pair of old shoes, and the shorter is wearing black trousers with sports shoes. Each of them took a plastic bag in their hands

24、while going in a hurry and looked around sometimes. They ran away down his street and turned left at the red light. 第二講 記敘文：如何敘事？一、寫作指導(dǎo)敘事類記敘文通常要將時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果等六個(gè)要素交代清楚。好的記敘文具有描述事件具體、人 物逼真形象、故事生動(dòng)感人、材料表現(xiàn)中心和寫作主旨明確等特征。英語(yǔ)根底寫作中的敘事類短文也需要具有記敘文寫作的一般特點(diǎn)，但要求相比照擬低，其考查重點(diǎn)在語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用正確、句子連貫穿順、信息點(diǎn)表述完整等方面。寫作時(shí)要注意以下幾 個(gè)方面

25、的問(wèn)題：1. 嚴(yán)格按照根底寫作的要求完成各個(gè)信息點(diǎn)，不要為了文章的生動(dòng)而隨意添加信息。2. 信息點(diǎn)的表述不要完全按照題目所給的順序，要適當(dāng)重組信息點(diǎn)。3. 記敘文寫作的時(shí)態(tài)多數(shù)是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但也要注意靈活運(yùn)用其它時(shí)態(tài)。4. 敘事類記敘文的話題通常和中學(xué)生的生活閱歷有關(guān)，如校園生活、旅游、交通、交友等，平時(shí)要注意積累這些方面 的詞匯和短語(yǔ)。二、常用語(yǔ)句1. 表達(dá)時(shí)間a long time ago, at six o ' clock in the morning, at the end of, at the weekend, before he came here, by the end

26、 of lasdterng the summer holidays, in a few years' time, in the past, in the old days, in the past ten years, in August 2002,viacwlinter inweekdays, last month, next week, on Sunday morning, on October 1st, since early in the 20th century, so far, up to now, not until, while , etc.2. 表達(dá)地點(diǎn)at the

27、crossing, at the end of the street, at the airport, at the village, at the foot of the mountain, at the bottom, at the top of, be located in, behind the park, be situated in, five kilometers to the north of Guangzhou, in the south of Guangdong Province, in the middle of the park, in Class 3 Grade 2,

28、 in the front of the bus, in front of the bus, in the tree, in Guangdong, in China, lies to the west of Sichuan, on the other side of the street, on both sides of the road, on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean ,on the right, etc.3. 表達(dá)因果as, as a result, because, because of, for, in the end, cause,

29、result in, consequently, originate from, since, so, therefore, It is clear that ,It turns out to be,The primary reason is,etc.4. 事件話題(1) 學(xué)校生活及學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)be active in class, be interested in, be interesting to sb., be fond of, be good at , be poor at , be tired of one' s work, be weak in,do one' hom

30、ework, do sports after school, do well in; education for all-round development素質(zhì)教育),examination-oriented education system(應(yīng)試教育),fail in the test, get a doctorget'ors weg rweh English, get an "in theAxam, get 90 marksfor English, give sb. a passing grade, have a good command of the language,

31、 have eight classes every day, help with each other, lay a good foundation in, learn byheart, major in history, make friends with sb., make progress in, put one' heart into, pass the examination, study in groups, succeed in doing sth., take an active part in the activity, take several courses at

32、 school, work out a problem, work on a maths problem , work hard at, etc.(2) 師生關(guān)系及其活動(dòng)be friendly to sb., be kind to sb, be a strict teacher, be strict with one' s pupils, be strict in one th , bla'e sbork, be satisfiedfor sth, correct the students' homework carefully, devote all one'

33、 s time to wofk gfetronawpocwithasfo, give adviceon, give sb a lot of work , help sb with sth , make one' s lessons lively and interesting, praise sb for sth., prepare for tomorrowlesson, question sb on, teach sb. English , teach sb how to do sth., etc.(3) 課余活動(dòng)及周末生活do some reading, enjoy a famil

34、y trip, enjoy doing sth., go swimming, go for an outing, go to the cinema, have an outing at the seashore, have a swim, have dances on weekends, have a picnic at the weekend, have a party, hold a sports meeting, Internet bar, net friend, online love affair( 網(wǎng)戀),play the piano, play chess (basketball

35、), see the sights of Beijing, spend one' s time in maways, teach in a family, etc.(4) 交通情況a big traffic jam, a traffic accident, be very crowded in the street, be seriously injured, by bus (train / ship / boat), drive a car, flight No. 2130, in a small boat, give sb. a lift, keep right, lie on t

36、he street, meet sb. at the station, on the bus ( train), on board, on one' s way to London, on the journey, one way only , pick up sb., ride a bike, ride a horse , see sb. off at the airport, self-service ticket , take a flight to New York, traffic light, travel through China, turn right, etc.(5

37、) 度假旅游New Year' sDay, Womans Day, May Day, Youth Day, Children ' D ay, Teachers 'Day, Mid -Autumn Day, National Day, valentine ' s Day, the Spring Festival, a hot spot, a place of interest, a tourist destination, a fivstar hotel, a good restaurant, a return ticket, a single ticket, a

38、 city with a long history, a quiet village, a three-day tour, an experienced guide, Beijing 2016 Olympic Games, beautiful scenery, in peak tourist seasons, natural attraction, on one' s way to France, on the back waynd erseoif the great wothe world, spend one ' s holidays on the sealthhAsila

39、n Games, travel agency, the tour route, the inner-ring road, travel to England, the Great Wall , the Summer Place , Zhongshan Park , etc. (6)環(huán)境保護(hù)a good environment, area pollution, air pollution, air quality standard, Antarctic Circle, atmospheric chemistry, a heavy rain, a heavy snow, be polluted,

40、be hot, be cold, be cool, be cloudy, be rainy, be sunny, be flooded, climate, carbon dioxide(CO2), chemical change, chemical cleaning of coal, climate change, dirty, drought, dry, flood, early warning system, environmental behavior, environmental quality, feel comfortable, global warming, minus 20 d

41、egrees centigrade(-20 ), 30 degrees above z©ro(30 )， sea level, warning center, wastes, water surface , water treatment, water pollution control, weather, windstorm , etc.三、典型例文【例1】介紹學(xué)校假設(shè)你是李華，你的筆友Jane準(zhǔn)備暑假來(lái)你校參觀，想請(qǐng)你介紹一下學(xué)校情況。下面是你校的根本信息，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下MTZ內(nèi)容給Jane回一封信，并表示歡送她來(lái)參觀。學(xué)校名稱 廣東第三中學(xué)地理位置 離大海約15公里的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上學(xué)校

42、歷史80多年歷史的老學(xué)校師生人數(shù) 老師200多人，學(xué)生3000多人，中學(xué)學(xué)段校園環(huán)境 占地近15萬(wàn)平方米，學(xué)校很美，有花草，大樹，三座教學(xué)大樓， 6座宿舍樓學(xué)習(xí)課程 中文、數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、英語(yǔ)、計(jì)算機(jī)、體育、美術(shù)等寫作要求：(1) 必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好；(2) 只能使用5個(gè)句子。參考詞匯：宿舍樓dormitory buildingDear Jane,I am very glad to tell you something about our school, Guangdong No. 3 Middle School.Best wishes to you.Yours since

43、rely,Li Hua審題：文體 記敘文，用第三人稱信息組織 名稱、位置、歷史；師生人數(shù)，校園面積；校園環(huán)境；學(xué)習(xí)課程；邀請(qǐng)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)特別注意1.邀請(qǐng)的內(nèi)容不再方框內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的，不能忽略2.中學(xué)學(xué)段：可以和人數(shù)一起結(jié)合起來(lái)說(shuō)3000多中學(xué)生。參考范文：Dear Jane,I am very glad to tell you something about our school, Guangdong No. 3 Middle school. It lies in a small town about 15 kilometres away from the sea and it has a his

44、tory of over 80 years. Our school, covering an area of nearly 150 thousand square meters, has more than 200 teachers and 3000 senior students It has three teaching buildings and six dormitory buildings, with many flowers and tall trees all around, so it' s very ouascholo ll we learn Chinese, mat

45、hs, science, English, computer, PE, arts and someother subjects.We warmly welcome you to visit our school in the summer holidays.Best wishes.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【例2】介紹春節(jié)假設(shè)你是李華，你校的外教要在中國(guó)過(guò)春節(jié)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，用英文寫一篇短文介紹我國(guó)的春節(jié)，并祝他們節(jié)日愉快。時(shí)間一般在二月份，中國(guó)農(nóng)歷正月初一，前后要持續(xù)半個(gè)月風(fēng)俗1. 12生肖命名，如狗、猴、虎等，今年是豬年2. 春節(jié)前人們要大掃除，大年夜全家人在聚集一起

46、吃年夜飯3. 年初一、初二走訪親友，給孩子們壓歲錢寫作要求：(1) 必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容題目已經(jīng)寫好 ；(2) 只能使用5個(gè)句子。參考詞匯：農(nóng)歷 Chinese Lunar Calendar 壓歲錢 lucky money審題：文體 記敘文，用第三人稱信息組織 新年時(shí)間；12生肖；大掃除，聚餐；初一、初二走親戚、給利市；祝愿時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)特別注意祝愿的內(nèi)容不在方框內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的，不能忽略。參考范文：A brief Introduction of the Chinese Spring FestivalThe Chinese Spring Festival comes on the first day

47、of the Chinese Lunar Year, which is usually in February. There is a name for each year, such as the dog, the monkey, the tiger or one of the twelve animals, and this year is the year of the pig.Before the New Year ' s Day, the Chinese people usuallyvgi their houses a good cleaning and on the las

48、t evening of the old year, all the members of a family will get together and have a big meal. On the first or second day of the new year, people usually go to visit their relatives and friends and give some lucky money to children.I wish you have a good time during the Spring Festival.四、即時(shí)練習(xí)1. 義工活動(dòng)假設(shè)你是李華，正在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。2007年7月28日，你與班上的幾名同學(xué)一起參加了義工活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下表格的內(nèi)容，給老師寫一篇小短文，描寫當(dāng)天參加義工活動(dòng)的情況。時(shí)間2007年7月27日，星期五參與者你自己，英國(guó)的John，印度的Sinba，美國(guó)的Keith等18名同學(xué)地點(diǎn)Lee蘋果場(chǎng)，距離學(xué)校大約60公里，西北方向交通 早上8點(diǎn)岀發(fā)，坐公交車1個(gè)小時(shí)，再步行15分鐘內(nèi)容前幾天龍卷風(fēng)襲擊了農(nóng)場(chǎng)，撿蘋果并分類，好的放入籮筐感受累，但有意義寫作要求：(1) 必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容；(2) 只能使用5個(gè)句子。參考詞匯：龍卷風(fēng)tornado2. 教學(xué)經(jīng)歷假設(shè)你是李華，廣東