高中英語作文寫作——議論文專題

1、高中作文寫作：議論文(專題二）基本類型:記敘文- 寫事記敘文、 寫人的記敘文議論文- 對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)議論文、說明利弊議論文說明文- 事理類說明文、事物類說明文 應(yīng)用文- 書信、通知、日記、海報(bào)、便條、啟事、歡迎詞、歡送詞、告別詞、廣告 議論文（一）定義：議論文又叫說理文，是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表意見、提出主張的文體。作者通過擺事實(shí)、講道理、辨是非，以確定其觀點(diǎn)正確或錯(cuò)誤，樹立或否定某種主張。 三要素論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)和論證是議論文的三要素，論點(diǎn)是作者對(duì)所論問題所持的見解和主張；論據(jù)是用來證明論點(diǎn)的事實(shí)和道理的根據(jù)；論證就是用論據(jù)來證明論點(diǎn)的方法和過程。一般來說，議論文每段應(yīng)有主題句（topic sen

2、tence）來確定論點(diǎn)。文章結(jié)尾往往提出自己的看法、意見或建議，表示對(duì)某一現(xiàn)象或論點(diǎn)的贊成或反對(duì)。論證有立論和駁論兩種，作者證明自己的論點(diǎn)正確，是立論；反之，證明別人的論點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤，是駁論。議論文的注意事項(xiàng)1. 論點(diǎn)要鮮明，不可含糊其辭；論據(jù)要充分，要能充分證明觀點(diǎn)的命題性，論據(jù)過程要條理清晰。2. 文章安排邏輯性要強(qiáng)，推理要嚴(yán)密。3. 重在說理，以理服人。4. 主要使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。5. 中學(xué)英語書面表達(dá)所要求的議論文，是一種限定性的寫作，其論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證都比較明確，有的文章提出問題，如：為什么？/怎么辦？/該采取什么措施？考生可以結(jié)合題目要求闡述相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)，切忌隨意發(fā)揮。議論文模板一、正反觀點(diǎn)式

3、議論文模板導(dǎo)入：第1段：Recently weve had a discussion about whether we should（導(dǎo)入話題）Our opinions are divided on this topic.（觀點(diǎn)有分歧）正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it.（正方觀點(diǎn)）Here are the reasons. First SecondFinally（列出23個(gè)贊成的理由）第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.（反方觀點(diǎn)）Their reasons are as f

4、ollows. In the first place Whats more In addition（列出23個(gè)反對(duì)的理由）結(jié)論：第4段：Personally speaking ,the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it （個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)）二、“A”或者“B”類議論文模板：導(dǎo)入：第1段Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however,

5、 argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文：第2段There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that Another reason is that (贊同A的原因)第3段：All these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we m

6、ay finally draw the conclusion that A is superior to B in many ways.(得出結(jié)論)三、觀點(diǎn)論述類議論文模板：導(dǎo)入：第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個(gè)決定作為議論的話題As a student, I am strongly in favor of the decision. (亮明自已的觀點(diǎn)是贊成還是反對(duì))The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （過渡句，承上啟下）正文：第2段：First of all SecondlyBesides（列出23個(gè)贊成或反對(duì)的理由）結(jié)論：第3段：In c

7、onclusion, I believe that (照應(yīng)第1段，構(gòu)成“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu))四、連貫地連接信息（1）常用的過渡詞（組）1. 表示并列 whats more, in addition, too ,as well ,besides, furthermore, moreover ,whats worse.2. 表示因果 therefore, for this reason, thus, consequently.3. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折 but, however, on the contrary, instead, on one hand on the other hand4. 表示時(shí)間順序 lat

8、er, afterwards, from then on ,eventually, in the meantime, then, at the same time, after a while, at present, after that, finally5. 表示列舉 first, to begin with, secondly, first of all, then, next, finally6. 舉例說明 such as, for example, for instance, take for example7. 表示讓步 nevertheless, still8. 表示對(duì)比 on

9、the contrary, in contrast, similarly9. 陳述事實(shí) in fact, actually ,as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth10. 表示總結(jié) in a word, in short, to sum up, in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, in brief, in summary, in general, all in all11. 表示意義重復(fù) thats to say, in other words, to put it in another way, t

10、o put it differently12. 表示強(qiáng)調(diào) above all, more importantly, indeed, without any doubt(2)常用的過渡句式有：1. I do agree with 2. In some way, I agree with,but3. This point sounds right, but 4. However, I think5. I definitely believe 6. In my opinion/view, 7. Personally, I feel that/ Personally, I agree with8. A

11、s far as Im concerned,9. I cant agree more with the father. Such cases are often seen in our life10. Attitudes towardsare various. 11. for one thing. .for another12. last but not the least.(3)表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為Think/feel/consider/say /hold that/hold the view that /insist/believe that依我看In my opinion/in my view/

12、 in my eyes /as far as I am concerned就我所知As far as I know我有理由如下My reasons are as follows我的觀點(diǎn)如下Here are my opinions贊成/支持Agree/be for/be in favor of恐怕Im afraid that我相信Im convinced that我反對(duì)I dont agree with the idea that（4）引用 俗話說/常言道There goes the old saying As the saying goes There is a sayingAs a prov

13、erb says As we all know（5）常用句子1. Different people (students) have different ideas.2. Different people look at in different ways.3. 60% of the students hold the view that On the other hand, 40% believe that 4. Opinions on the question are divided as follows: 70% of the students think that. On the oth

14、er hand, 30% dont like the idea of.5. Id love to give my opinion about.6. There are many advantages in First.Second, Third However , there are some disadvantages as well. Besides,議論文通常由立論、論證和結(jié)論三部分組成，120詞左右的議論文無需大量旁征博引，但要觀點(diǎn)明確，邏輯嚴(yán)密，語言簡練，以理服人。同學(xué)們?cè)趯懽h論文時(shí)不妨采用下面的方法來試一試。一、 結(jié)構(gòu)上采用三或四段式，顯得簡明晰。首段先寫主題，然后第二部

15、分寫正方或支持方及反方或反對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)，尾段寫自己的看法或意見，段落一定要清晰。二、套話先行。套話先行可以起到先聲奪人的效果。這既能迅速博得閱卷老師的好感，又能避免過早出現(xiàn)無謂的錯(cuò)誤。1、首段通常為1） Many nations/college students have been faced with the problem of 2） Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3） Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4） Recently the issue has ar

16、oused great concern among 5） Nowadays there is a growing concern over 6） Never in our history has the idea that been so popular.7） Faced with , quite a few people argue that 8） According to a recent survey, 9） With the rapid development of economy/society,10）Recently we held(have hold)a discussion w

17、hether.11) When it comes to, (當(dāng)說到)2.、第二段首句通常可以這樣寫：As is known to allplay(s)an important part/role in our daily life/modern society. However, different people have different opinions(背熟此句，想錯(cuò)都難) Some people/The majority of the students think it (is) a good idea/important/useful/convenient for somebody

18、（根據(jù)題意改人稱）to do. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true列舉觀點(diǎn)或Obviously . has both advantages and disadvantages./However，just as every coin has two sides，has its disadvantages如果是兩個(gè)論據(jù)，可以采用下列模式：on one hand+1+on the other hand 2.或is one thing.is another如果是三個(gè)以上的論據(jù)，則可以簡單采用以下模式：Firstly,/to begi

19、n with+Secondly/furthermore,Finally/last but not the least,注意：表明各方觀點(diǎn)時(shí)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。3.結(jié)論 陳述自己觀點(diǎn)There is probably some truth in both argumentsstatements，butAs far as Im concerned/Personally/As for me/in my opinion/Personally speaking(盡量避免使用I think).總結(jié)全文時(shí)常用到in one/a word，generally speaking，to conclude。若提出解決

20、辦法時(shí)卻常使用下一句型：1） From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that 2） It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop 3）. We should take measures to 4）. Wed better take effective measures to prevent 5）. The government decided to take strong measures against 6）. Urgent measure

21、s should be taken to prevent.7） It is necessary that steps should be taken to 8） In conclusion, it is imperative that 9） There is no easy method, but might be of some help.10） To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must 11） In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more probl

22、ems will crop up.12） With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.13） We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to 14） Taking all these into account, we 15） Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear問

23、題解決型作文模板問題解決型模板一問題解決型模板二問題解決型模板三TOPIC With the _ of _, _. So it is of great importance for us to _. On one hand, _. On the other hand, _.TOPIC There has been a discussion recently about _. It is true to the present situation that _. But _.TOPIC Nowadays, there is a growing concern on _. It is certai

24、n that _. However, _  However, we have figured out many ways to _. Firstly, _. So long as _. Secondly, _ Thirdly, _. As is known to all, there are many ways _. First of all, _. Furthermore, _. Last but not least, _  It will cause many serious results if _. Firstly, _. Secondly, _ Finally,

25、_. In fact, _.11. That is because _.12. In a word, _. So it is high time for us to _. That is because _. Secondly, _.11. Thirdly, _.12. In conclusion, _ In spite of all these, there are still many ways _. First of all, _. In addition, _.11. Thirdly, _.12. Only in this way, _.寫作模板問題解決型-對(duì)某一問題/話題進(jìn)行分析,找

26、出解決辦法,表達(dá)自己的看法.第一段：Nowadays，we have to face a problem that(問題) /Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem(問題) /It is important for us to(問題). For instance_(例一)First，_(原因一). Moreover，_(例二)Second，_(原因二) 第二段：People have figured out many ways to solve the problem/Confronted with(問題)we

27、 should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situationFirstly，_(解決方法一)Secondly，_(解決方法二) 第三段：1)Personally，I believe that_(我的方法)/To me，I am taking two ways to solve the problem of(問題)One of them is _(我的方法)The other way is_(方法二)By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y(結(jié)果)

28、 2) In conclusion/In a word/To sum up/In summary/Obviously/Its clear that/Its no doubt that.現(xiàn)象解釋型作文模板現(xiàn)象解釋型模板一現(xiàn)象解釋型模板二現(xiàn)象解釋型模板三TOPICRecently, _.What amazes us most is _.It is true that _.TOPICAs is known to all, _._ seem to get accustomed to_.In fact, _.TOPICNowadays, _.For one thing, _.For another, _

29、It is obvious that _.There are many reasons explaining _.The main reason is _.What is more, _.Thirdly, _.As a result, _.The reasons of _ lie in several aspects. Firstly, _. Secondly, _. Thirdly, _. Finally, _Many remarkable factors contribute to _First of all, _.In addition, _.Finally, _.Considering

30、 all these, _.For one thing, _.11. For another, _.12. In conclusion, _.As a matter of fact, _.On the one hand, _.11. On the other hand, _.12. Therefore, _.As to me, _As we know, _.11. Besides, _12. In a word, _.現(xiàn)象解釋型敘事類模板現(xiàn)象解釋型圖表類模板一現(xiàn)象解釋型圖表類模板二TOPIC It so happened that _. Just at the moment, _. It im

31、pressed me most because_.TOPIC As is clearly shown in the chart/table/figure/ graph, _. Especially_. There are three reasons for _.TOPIC The table/graph/figure/chart shows that _. It is self-evident that _. Three possible reasons contribute to _. What happened was _. At first, _. Almost at the same

32、time, _. Whats more, _. As a result, _. To begin with, _. In addition, _. For example,_. Last but not least, _ In short, _. One reason is that _. Another reason is that _. For instance, _. Whats more, _. As a result, _. As I understand, _. On the one hand, _.11. On the other hand, _.12. Therefore, _

33、. As far as I am concerned/As for me/For my part, _. On one hand, _.11. On the other hand, _.12. In brief, _. However, in my opinion,_. For one thing,_.11. For the other thing, _.12.To sum up, In conclusion, _.對(duì)比論述型作文模板對(duì)比論述型模板一對(duì)比論述型模板二對(duì)比論述型模板三TOPICThere is a heated debate over _.It is commonly accep

34、ted that _.In contrast, others _.TOPIC Recently, we may hear quite different opinions _. Most people take it for granted that _.However, others hold _.TOPIC Different people will offer quite different ideas _. Many people assert _. However, others believe _. Those who hold the first opinion suggest

35、_. In their view, _. However, others think _. They argue that _. A dominant idea is that _. In this view, _. Nevertheless, the objectors think _. They argue that _.  Some may proclaim _. They maintain such as idea because _. In contrast, the objectors think _. They argue that _. Considering one

36、 after another, Istand on the side of _. First of all, _. Further more, _.11. Thirdly, _.12. Therefore, _ As to me, I prefer _ On the one hand, _. On the other hand, _.11. Therefore, _.12. In conclusion, _. As far as I am concerned, I agree to _. First, _. Second, _.11. Last but not least, _.12. In

37、a word, _.寫作模板對(duì)比選擇型-不同觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比-列舉理由-然后自己的觀點(diǎn).第一段：Some people tend to think that_(觀點(diǎn)一)They point out that_(理由一)Additionally，_(理由二)A case in point is_(舉例)Therefore_(小結(jié))第二段：On the contrary，other people hold the view that_(觀點(diǎn)二)They argue that_(理由一)What's more_(理由二)As an illustration，_(舉例)Accordingly，_(小結(jié)

38、)第三段：As far as I am concerned，(I think) _(我的觀點(diǎn))The reason is that_(理由一)And also，_(理由二)So，_ (總結(jié)自己的觀點(diǎn)) 寫作模板說明利弊型-某觀點(diǎn)/某件事/某現(xiàn)象有利(列舉好處),也有弊(列舉弊端),應(yīng)如何正確對(duì)待第一段：某觀點(diǎn)/某件事/某現(xiàn)象有利(列舉好處)Whenever we hear people say that_(主題)we'll instantly have the idea that it is a goodbad thing for_(某人)Indeed，_(主題)have advant

39、ages to_(某人)We can take_(舉例)as an exampleIt will benefit_(好處一)In addition_(好處二)第二段：也有弊(列舉弊端)In the mean time，we must realize those disadvantages of_(主題)First of all，_(壞處一)Second,_(壞處二) 第三段：應(yīng)如何正確對(duì)待To sum up the above arguments，I think a proper attitude towards_(主題) is that_(我的觀點(diǎn))對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式 A有人認(rèn)為X 是好事，贊成X，

40、 為什么？ B有人認(rèn)為X 是壞事， 反對(duì)X，為什么？ C我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that _支持X 的第一個(gè)原因。They also argue that _支持X 的另一個(gè)原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that _反對(duì)X 的第一個(gè)理由。 An example can gi

41、ve the details of this argument: _一個(gè)例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個(gè)壞處。批駁觀點(diǎn)式 A一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。 B 我不同意。 Many people argue that _錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。By saying that

42、, they mean _對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。An example they have presented is that _一個(gè)例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them _贊成這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的影響）。 There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclu

43、de that _與錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.l 主題型議論文寫作模板闡述主題型第一段：A famous saying goes that_(名言或諺語). It means that_(釋義). An example of this case is_(舉例，解釋). 第二段：Another case in point is_(例二)/Secondly,_ 第三段：I like the saying _(名言) which encourages me_(理由)議論文作文例句參考： Beginning(開頭)

44、:1. Contrary to generally (commonly) accepted ideas (views), I argue that.2. As opposed to widely held belief that  .  , I believe that.3. Although many people believe that. , I doubt whether the argument can bear much (further) analysis (close examination).4. The advantages of B

45、 outweigh any benefit we gain from A.5. Although it is commonly (widely/generally) accepted (held/agreed) that. , it is unlikely to be true that .6. (Indeed) There is an element ( some elements) of truth in this argument ( statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important/essential)fact

46、that .7. It is true that (True, To be sure, Admittedly, ) . , but it is unlikely (it won't be the case/it does not mean) that .8. The main (obvious/great) problem (flaw/drawback) with (in) this argument (view) is   that.9. It would be possible(natural/reasonable) to think(bel

47、ieve/take the view) that . , but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that .10. In all the discussion and debate over . , one important fact is generally overlooked (neglected).11. Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to)., may overlook/neglect other facts.12. However sound (logic

48、al/valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.13. Although I appreciate that. ,I can not agree with the title statement.14. As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that.15. Among the most convincing reasons given (cited / offered / identified ) by people for. , one

49、60;should be stressed (emphasized/mentioned).16. There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of.  Those who object to.argue that. But people who favor.  on the other hand, argue that.17. Currently( In recent years/In the past few years/For many years), there is (has been)a(an) general (widespread/widely held ) feeling towards (concern over/attitude towards/trend towards / awareness of/realization of