初中英語定語從句

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上第19講_定語從句知識(shí)圖譜-定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞第19講_定語從句錯(cuò)題回顧定語從句知識(shí)精講一、定義在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的有關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, which, that等和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，既起到連接作用，又在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成份。總結(jié)定語從句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。二、關(guān)系代詞1.關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，基本用法如下表：關(guān)系詞作用先行詞例句who主語/賓語人This is

2、 the boy who often helps me. 這就是常幫我的那個(gè)男孩。I happened to meet the professor (who/ whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday.昨天在購物中心，我碰巧遇到了那位我在一次聚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)的教授。whom賓語人The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.你等的那個(gè)人已經(jīng)回家了。that主語/賓語人或物This is the pen that writes well. 這是那支很好寫的筆。This

3、is the pen that you want. 這是你想要的鋼筆。The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Fujian. 我們足球隊(duì)的最高的那個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員來自福建。which主語/賓語物The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.有個(gè)機(jī)器的房間是車間。The river which is in front of my house is very clean.從我家前面流過的河流非常清澈。whose定語人或物The room whose door is blu

4、e is mine.藍(lán)色房門的那個(gè)房間是我的房間。注意：一般情況下，that既可以指人又可以指物，可以代替who, whom和which，在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語；which指物，在從句中也做主語、賓語或表語，所以which和that在指物時(shí)，大多時(shí)候可以互換，如：This is the movie that I like best.=This is the movie which I like best.這就是我最喜歡的電影。2.關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略，但若關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語，且介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，不能省略，如：Ill never forget the

5、daythatwe spent together.我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記與你共度的時(shí)光。（可省略）Ill never forget the dayon whichwe met each other.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們初次見面那一天。（不可?。┤㈥P(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞作用先行詞例句when狀語時(shí)間Ill never forget the day when I met you for the first time.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記初次見你的那一天。where狀語地點(diǎn)This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.這就是我們住了五年的地方。why狀語原因I do

6、nt know the reason why he was late. 我不知道他遲到的原因。注意：與關(guān)系代詞不同，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，狀語并不是句子必須成分，所以即使沒有關(guān)系副詞，從句的內(nèi)容也完整。這是關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞最大的不同，也是我們選題的關(guān)鍵。同時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞大多可以拆分成介詞+which的形式，如：This is the housewhereLuxun once lived.=This is the housein whichLuxun once lived.這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。三點(diǎn)剖析一、考點(diǎn)延伸我們都知道，若先行詞為物，關(guān)系詞可以用that或which，而且大多數(shù)可以互換

7、。但以下幾種情況，必須用 that引導(dǎo)定語從句：1.先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如：All that we have to do is to practice English.我們要做的事情就是去練習(xí)英語。2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，如：The first letter that I got from him will be kept.我收到他的第一封信將會(huì)被保存起來。3.先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾，如：Ive

8、eaten up all the food that you gave me.我把你給我的所有事物都吃光了。4.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)，如：He is the only person that I want to talk with.他是我唯一想與之交談的人。5.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，如:They talked about persons and things that they met.他們談?wù)摿怂麄円姷降娜撕褪?。二、方法總結(jié)定語從句考查形式比較單一，單選一般考關(guān)系詞的選擇。在學(xué)習(xí)定語從句過程中，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，關(guān)系詞的選擇往往

9、跟先行詞有著很大關(guān)聯(lián)，比如先行詞是人往往用“who”或“whom”，先行詞為物往往用“which”或“that”等，所以我們很容易根據(jù)先行詞判斷出關(guān)系詞選誰最合適。初中階段我們要求會(huì)判斷定語從句中的關(guān)系詞，并能在作文中寫出簡(jiǎn)單的定語從句。高中會(huì)系統(tǒng)講解定語從句，所以我們?cè)诔踔须A段還要了解從句中的各個(gè)成分，為之后的學(xué)習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備。題模精講題模一 關(guān)系代詞例1.1、-What shall we do next?-Take the advice _ is given by Dr. Bloch.A、whoB、whichC、whoseD、whom例1.2、The Palace Museum is the

10、best place _ Ive ever visited.A、whoB、whenC、thatD、where例1.3、完成句子1. 你有什么要對(duì)自己說的嗎？Do you have _ _ you want to say for yourself?2. 這是我父親曾經(jīng)住過的房子。This is a house in _ my father once lived.題模二 關(guān)系副詞例2.1、This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago.A、whereB、whenC、thatD、which例2.2、Do you remember the

11、days _ we spent in Sanya?A、whenB、thatC、whatD、where例2.3、完成句子你知道他缺席的原因嗎？Do you know the reason _ he is absent?隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1、The book_ is sold out at the moment.A、you needB、what you needC、which you need itD、that you need it隨練1.2、The second book _ I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought.A、whichB、wha

12、tC、thatD、as隨練1.3、Im one of the boys _ never late for school.A、that isB、who areC、who amD、who is隨練1.4、完成句子1. 人們都喜歡那些有禮貌的人。People all like those _ have good manners.2. 這是我障礙尋找的那本書。This is the book _ Im looking for.3. 這是我看過的最有趣的電影。This is _ _ interesting _ _ Ive ever seen.4. 我還記得第一次來北京的那一天。I still remem

13、ber the day _ I first came to Beijing.5. 你能告訴我他上班的辦公室嗎？Can you tell me the office _ he works?隨練1.5、Is this the place _ Lincoln once lived.A、thatB、whichC、whereD、when隨練1.6、Ill never forget the days _ I stayed with you.A、whenB、in whichC、thatD、for which自我總結(jié)能力拓展拓展1、-Do you know the man _ is talking with

14、your father?-Yes, hes our headmaster.A、heB、whoC、whichD、whom拓展2、Is this the river _ I can swim?A、whichB、in whichC、thatD、the one拓展3、This is the best hotel in the city _ I know.A、whereB、whichC、thatD、it拓展4、Her sister, _ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A、whomB、thatC、whichD、who is拓展5、These books are for students _ mother language is not English.A、of whomB、thatC、whichD、whose拓展6、完成句子1. 有一些想去海南度假的人。There are some people _ want to have a holiday in Hainan.2. 剛才天空中一閃而過的是什么？Whats that _ flashed in the sky just now.3. 這是去武漢的最后一趟火車。The train