英語(yǔ)中簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型

1、句子的成分句子的成分Members of the Sentence 句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成的。組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主語(yǔ)、的成分，包括：主語(yǔ)、 謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和和謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分。是句子的主體部分。主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)The Subject主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示句主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示句子所說(shuō)的是子所說(shuō)的是“什么人什么人”或或“什么事什么事物物”，一般由，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式名詞、代詞、不定式或或相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或

2、短語(yǔ)名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。主語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。主語(yǔ)一般在一般在句首句首。 Gina is from Australia.Lucy is an American girl.She often goes to the movies.We study in No.1 Middle School.The classroom is very clean.Three plus five equals eight.To teach them English is my job.It is my job to teach them English.不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用形式主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用形式主語(yǔ)it句型句型G

3、ina, Lucy,She,We,The classroom,Three plus five,To teach them English謂謂 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)The Predicate 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么樣怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）必須用主要的詞）必須用動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在在“人稱人稱”和和“數(shù)數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。兩方面必須一致。 謂語(yǔ)一般在主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)一般在主語(yǔ)后后面。面。We are both quiet.He has a toothache.His parents are teachers.She looks wel

4、l.We study hard.We have finished the job.He can speak English.are quiet;has a toothache;are teachers;looks well;study;have finished;can speak表表 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)The Predicative 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么怎么樣樣”，由，由名詞、形容詞名詞、形容詞或或相當(dāng)于名詞相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)，和系動(dòng)等充當(dāng)，和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 一般在一般在系動(dòng)詞后面系動(dòng)詞后面。Her mother is a

5、bank clerk.Are you ready?Our country is getting stronger.You look younger than before.They are at home now.My book is on the desk.Everybody is here.a bank clerk;ready;getting stronger;younger;at home;on the desk;here賓賓 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)The Object 表示表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由，由名詞、名詞、代詞代詞或或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)，等充當(dāng)，和和及物

6、及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么做什么”。 一般在一般在謂語(yǔ)之后謂語(yǔ)之后。 All of us like him.Hes playing soccer.Can I ask some questions?She is playing the piano now.He often helps me.Lucy likes to sleep in the open air.We enjoy living in China.him;soccer;questions;the piano;me;to sleep;living定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)The Attribute 用來(lái)修飾用來(lái)修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞

7、。由形容詞、代。由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)不定式或相當(dāng)詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。 因?yàn)槊~、代詞既可做主語(yǔ)，又可做因?yàn)槊~、代詞既可做主語(yǔ)，又可做表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活，凡表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活，凡有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語(yǔ)。有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語(yǔ)。I have something to do.Whats your name,please?Shes a good basketball player.The girl behind the tree is my sister.The littl

8、e boy gave me a big apple.The black bike is mine.They made paper flower.to do;your;good;behind the tree;little, big;black;paper狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)The Adverbial 用來(lái)修飾用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞、形容詞形容詞或或副詞副詞，一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，通常由副詞、的、方式、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)?；蚨陶Z(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)。People are all

9、working hard.Beijing is not very cold in winter.He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.Suddenly it began to rain.He sat there smoking.all,hard;very,in winter;carefully;Without his help;Suddenly;there smoking補(bǔ)補(bǔ) 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能英語(yǔ)中有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)后加表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)后加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

10、才能表達(dá)完整的意思。上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”合稱復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。合稱復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特征、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)或身份，主要由形容詞、名詞、狀態(tài)或身份，主要由形容詞、名詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞等充當(dāng)。副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞等充當(dāng)。I found it very difficult to find work.Yesterday he got his leg broken.We found Lily out when we arrived.The boss kept them working all day.I saw a s

11、tranger enter the building.If you let me go,I will make you king.Leave the door open.very difficult;broken;out;working;enter the building;king;openS+ Link. V +P 主主+系系+表表S + Vi. 主主+謂謂S + Vt + O 主主+謂謂+賓賓S+Vt+Oi+Od 主主+謂謂+ 間接賓間接賓+ 直接賓直接賓S+Vt+O+C 主主+ 謂謂+ 賓賓+ 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 1.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（表語(yǔ)（ S+Link.V+P ），說(shuō)），說(shuō) 明主

12、語(yǔ)的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。明主語(yǔ)的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。You are students.We are in the classroom.We are good friends, arent we? 常用系動(dòng)詞有：常用系動(dòng)詞有：be, seem, keep, stay, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get, turn等。等。2.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 ( S + Vi. )They study hard.注：注：不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 The car accident was happened

13、yesterday.You will graduate next year.The sun rises in the east.3.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. He grew some vegetables. Each of you has a dream . 注：及物動(dòng)詞可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注：及物動(dòng)詞可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)A great deal of water is used by people in that city.People use a great deal of water in that city.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

14、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）4.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) (S+Vt+Oi+Od) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me. bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save等。等。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：Who can find me the eraser?Pass

15、 me the eraser. They named the dog Bobo.I find him interesting.You should get him to help you.We saw them dancing.5.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt+O+C) 注：可用作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：名詞、形容詞、注：可用作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：名詞、形容詞、 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞。副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞。簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單句句的的基基本本句句型型1.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 3.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+

16、及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)5.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) +賓賓 語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 句子成分隨堂練習(xí)句子成分隨堂練習(xí) 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分Last week I went to the supermarket.Last week I went to the supermarket. 狀狀 主主 謂謂 狀狀The play was very interesting.The play was very interesting. 主主 系狀表系狀表I cant hear a word.I cant hear a word.

17、 主謂主謂 賓賓They were talking loudly.They were talking loudly. 主主 謂謂 狀狀I(lǐng)t was Sunday.It was Sunday. 主主 系系 表表I never get up early on Sundays.I never get up early on Sundays. 主狀謂狀狀主狀謂狀狀I(lǐng) looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I looked at the young man and the 主謂主謂 賓賓young woman angrily. 賓賓 狀狀

18、I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.I read a few lines,but I didnt 主主 謂謂 定定 賓賓 連連 主謂主謂understand a word. 謂謂 賓賓My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.My holidays passed quickly,but I 主謂狀主謂狀 連主連主didnt send cards to my friends.謂謂 賓賓 賓賓I got up early and bought thirty cards.I got up early and bought thirty cards. 主謂主謂 狀狀 連連 謂謂 定定 賓賓He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a grea