初一英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧[1]

1、初一英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)很重要的方面，它反映了學(xué)生直接應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的能力。英語(yǔ)試題中對(duì)學(xué)生閱讀能力的測(cè)試主要通過(guò)完形填空和閱讀理解兩種題型。閱讀理解題一般有以下幾種形式：1)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正、誤2)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案3)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答問(wèn)題4)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，填寫(xiě)表格5)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在改寫(xiě)后的短文中填詞閱讀理解部分的短文內(nèi)容非常廣泛，有人物傳記、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、天文史地、社會(huì)文化、科普小品、風(fēng)土人情、幽默故事及日常生活的各個(gè)方面。試題往往就短文中容易誤解和忽略之處?kù)`活地提出問(wèn)題，所用的句型和詞語(yǔ)也往往不同于短文中相應(yīng)部分的句型和詞語(yǔ)。掌握豐富的詞匯及必要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是

2、提高閱讀理解能力的先決條件，而了解文化差異及歷史背景常常是十分重要的。因此，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該對(duì)講英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的風(fēng)土人情及歷史發(fā)展有一般的常識(shí)，同時(shí)對(duì)科普、科幻、天文、地理等都要有所了解。你們還必須經(jīng)常進(jìn)行大量的各種體裁、各種風(fēng)格的課外閱讀，逐步加快閱讀速度，不斷增進(jìn)閱讀技巧。下面向同學(xué)們介紹閱讀理解的解題步驟和方法：1.通讀全文，掌握大意做閱讀理解題一定要學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)快速閱讀，從整體上理解短文的大意及中心思想，領(lǐng)會(huì)出題人的意圖。切忌人為地將短文搞得支離破碎，逐詞逐句地去感知材料，看一句或幾句做一個(gè)題目，這樣會(huì)影響答題的正確率。但是對(duì)于一些長(zhǎng)句和難句要作語(yǔ)法分析，以便掌握短文的大意和每個(gè)句子的確切含義。短文的

3、開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾往往是全文內(nèi)容的概括，對(duì)理解、推理都會(huì)有很大的幫助。2.細(xì)審題意，獲取信息認(rèn)真審閱文后的理解題。在審題時(shí)要弄清楚試題問(wèn)的是細(xì)節(jié)（如人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)）還是主題大意；是事實(shí)還是觀(guān)點(diǎn)；是從正面問(wèn)還是從反面問(wèn)?？辞逶囶}后，帶著問(wèn)題再回到正文中去尋找有關(guān)的句子、段落，獲取重要的信息。然后把所獲得的信息點(diǎn)與所給的答案逐一進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的比較，以便作出正確的判斷。3.分層推理，正確答題有些理解題可以直接從短文中找到答案。有些深層次的理解題在短文中找不到直接的信息點(diǎn)，要經(jīng)過(guò)分析推理，從已有的信息鏈中判斷文章的意思，即應(yīng)以短文中提供的間接信息點(diǎn)為依據(jù)，根據(jù)作者的意圖，憑借你們自己的社會(huì)文化知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，加

4、進(jìn)短文中所沒(méi)有明確表述的卻又與主題有聯(lián)系的思想和信息，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理，從而確定正確的選項(xiàng)。閱讀理解題解題技巧一、信息錯(cuò)位，表里不一易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)掃描1. 閱讀文章時(shí)信息錯(cuò)位。2. 把題目考查的內(nèi)容與文章的信息對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)出錯(cuò)，也就是關(guān)鍵句的確認(rèn)失誤。（2007年福建福州）Beijing-Shanghai Railway was completed in 1968. Since opening, it has been one of the busiest routes in our country. The Beijing-Shanghai Route is now served by 10 train

5、s a day, five of which are non-stop. The journey time is just under 12 hours. Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours.When the Beijing-Shang train runs at 250 kph, the passengers speed _ on the train.A. ten hours B. twelve hours C. one

6、day D. two days【歸納拓展】與時(shí)事、新聞?dòng)嘘P(guān)的材料要求在學(xué)習(xí)之余，多關(guān)注時(shí)事，經(jīng)常瀏覽報(bào)紙、雜志和電視等媒體上的新聞。二、無(wú)據(jù)推理，張冠李戴1做題時(shí)，所作的推理在文章中找不到相應(yīng)的依據(jù)。2在文章中找相應(yīng)的依據(jù)時(shí)出現(xiàn)張冠李戴的情況。 （年安徽）“Sorry! Maybe I was too hard on you just now.” said the man, “Heres $10.”“Oh, thank you, Daddy!” he said happily. Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father fo

7、und that the boy already had money, he got angry again.“Why do you want more money since you already have some?” the father shouted angrily.“Because I didnt have enough, but now I do.” the little boy replied, “Daddy, I have $20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I

8、would like to have dinner with you.”From the passage, we can infer（推斷）that the boys father _.A. often played with his son B. spent little time with his sonC. didnt love his son at all D. often came back home early   【歸納拓展】 做這類(lèi)題時(shí)絕不能粗心，更不能憑空想象，要結(jié)合文章的主旨大意，從已知到未知，作出合理的推測(cè)。平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)，要注意不僅要理解文章的

9、細(xì)節(jié)，更要理解文章的主旨，這樣，才可以作出正確的推理判斷。三、僅憑印象，胡亂猜詞1. 對(duì)于生詞，拋棄上下文，僅僅根據(jù)自己的印象來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。2. 沒(méi)能掌握關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)的意思，在判斷生詞意思的時(shí)候出錯(cuò)。 （2007年安徽）“Daddy, could you lend me $10?”The father was furious, “If you asked for the money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to your room and think about why you are being so s

10、elfish（自私的）!”Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.In this passage, the underlined word “furious” means _.A. very angry B. quite happy C. too excited D. a little nervous       【歸納拓展】  對(duì)于詞匯題目，一定要根據(jù)上下文去

11、確定詞義，切忌望文生義。在出現(xiàn)這種題目時(shí)，其下文往往有相應(yīng)的解釋?zhuān)河械囊云普厶?hào)引出，有的以in other words等短語(yǔ)引出，有的以該詞的反義形式進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，但無(wú)論哪種形式，在原文中都會(huì)有相應(yīng)提示，解題時(shí)要多注意總結(jié)歸納。四、無(wú)視主題，以點(diǎn)帶面1. 閱讀時(shí)，沒(méi)能掌握文章的主題或忽視了主題。2. 做題時(shí)，只知其一，不知其二  （2007年重慶）Jack Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited (繼承)a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasnt ha

12、ppy at all. He gave 10,000 of his money to a charity (慈善機(jī)構(gòu)) to help poor children live a better life. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small car only, but he is very happy.Whats the main idea of the story?A. Help others, and you will feel happy. B. Its necessary to

13、 write letters to poor children.C. Live a simple life, and you can give others help.D. Its the most important to help the children in Africa.   【歸納拓展】  對(duì)這類(lèi)文章主題思想歸納題，同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意揣摩作者的寫(xiě)作意圖以及文章的主旨，切忌片面、狹隘引申或簡(jiǎn)單重述文中某些內(nèi)容，從而避免其他干擾項(xiàng)的影響。閱讀理解易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥1如何獲取段落的主旨和大意    獲取段落主旨和大意，最有效的辦法是找出主題句。

14、主題句一般具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）表述的意思比較概括，相對(duì)其他主句來(lái)看，這種概括性更為明顯。 （2）句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，多數(shù)都不會(huì)采用長(zhǎng)、難句的形式。（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用來(lái)解釋支撐主題句所表述的主題思想。2. 如何根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義    猜測(cè)詞義也是一種英語(yǔ)閱讀能力。英語(yǔ)閱讀試題中有不少這樣的題目。猜測(cè)詞義時(shí)，我們可以從三個(gè)方面來(lái)考慮：（1）根據(jù)上下文已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯性推理；（2）運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法分析；（3）依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)做出判斷。    根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義的方法有下列幾種：根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測(cè)詞義。如：A bag is useful and t

15、he word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases. One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”Now when someone lets out a secret, he “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag”.John “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag”means he _.A. makes everyone know a secret. B. makes a woman buy a cat.C. buys a cat in the bag. D. sells the cat in the bag.根據(jù)并列、同位關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures a