一短文改錯(cuò)萬(wàn)能公式

1、一短文改錯(cuò)萬(wàn)能公式1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn),常見動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;主謂不一致;缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。2.名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤:單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。3.連詞錯(cuò)誤:連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞,并列連詞and/or/but等。關(guān)于連詞,一般考查從句關(guān)系: who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。4.冠詞錯(cuò)誤:誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來判定;誤用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠

2、詞或少冠詞5.形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤:系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞smell/feel;詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞。6.代詞錯(cuò)誤:代詞的主格和賓格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us; they/them錯(cuò)誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞指代錯(cuò)誤;多代詞或少代詞。7.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤:不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí);and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí);介詞

3、后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ);某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。8.介詞錯(cuò)誤:詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用。二短文改錯(cuò)解答口訣動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù); 注意形和副;非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別;習(xí)慣用法要記住;句子成分多分析; 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。1.動(dòng)詞形主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如:My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library. ( were are上述

4、例子屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。2.名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如:so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject subjects3.區(qū)分形和副即區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)。例如:Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too man

5、y people in my family. (Unfortunate Unfortunately需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately 作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。4.非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤,也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如:in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting interestedPlay football not o

6、nly makes us grow up tall and strong but also (Play PlayingMy parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來時(shí)態(tài)的含義。5.習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的常考點(diǎn),其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如:It was very kind for them to meet me at the

7、railway station and ( forof We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. ( of 6.句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語(yǔ)境要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如:Theyeager to know everything about China and(areI live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where which第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are,

8、這是受漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語(yǔ)。7.邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤,常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如:The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆,因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的

9、意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外,常考的錯(cuò)誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤,以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如:She was smiling but nodding at me.(but andIt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and or We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a the三短文改錯(cuò)參考原則1.改動(dòng)以最少為原則;2.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;3.實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則;4.以保持句子原意為原則;5.核對(duì)錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí),若的確有一