ARM嵌入式系統(tǒng)論文

1、ARM Embedded System PaperARM嵌入式論文ARM introductionIf, say, "embedded" is 2008 years electronic engineer talking about one of the most word in 2009, most of the talk about a word is "ARM". What is ARM? He is a British electronic company name, the full name mean Advanced RISC Machin

2、e. The company was founded in November 1990, is apple computer, Acorn computer group and VLSI Technology of the joint venture. Acorn has launched the world's first commercial single chip RISC processors, and apple computer was hope will RISC technology in their own system, the ARM microprocessor

3、 new standards so arises at the historic moment.假如,說(shuō),“嵌入式”是2008年電子工程師談?wù)摰囊粋€(gè)最字2009年,大多數(shù)的談?wù)撘粋€(gè)單詞是“手臂”。手臂是什么?他是一個(gè)英國(guó)電子公司的名字,全名是先進(jìn)的RISC機(jī)器。公司成立于1990年11月,是蘋(píng)果電腦,Acorn計(jì)算機(jī)集團(tuán)和VLSI技術(shù)的合資企業(yè)。Acorn已經(jīng)推出了世界上第一個(gè)商業(yè)單片RISC處理器,和蘋(píng)果電腦是期望將RISC技術(shù)在自己的系統(tǒng)中,ARM微處理器新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。At the end of 80 s, 90 s semiconductor industry chain just a

4、ppear division of labor, TSMC, LianDian semiconductor foundry etc are slowly rise, some of the silicon valley fabless companies also have mushroomed emerging as, so-called fabless design company chip, but the production process is the package to give TSMC foundry production etc. And ARM is for the w

5、orld first, 19 years ago created chipless production model, that is, the company is neither production chip, also don't design chips, but the design of effective IP kernel, to authorize a semiconductor companies use, semiconductor company in the ARM technology based on add your own design and in

6、troduction of chip products, finally by OEM customers use these chips to construct the system based on ARM technology products. This way, a bit like the communications industry in the qualcomm and the semiconductor industry RAMBUS, they stand in the semiconductor industry chain upstream of the upstr

7、eam. 19 years ago formed ARM may face a lot of risk, because no one know the road can not work, but now the facts have proved, ARM away a no man through, but it is the right path. As additional products, he also let China's industry members from the window to understand the British electronics c

8、ompany, the success of the ARM of the British chipless led the development of the company.80年月末,90年月半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈分工消滅,臺(tái)積電,LianDian半導(dǎo)體等正在漸漸上升,硅谷的一些專(zhuān)業(yè)公司也如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn)的新興,所謂專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)公司芯片,但生產(chǎn)過(guò)程是包給臺(tái)積電鑄造生產(chǎn)等和手臂是世界第一,19年前創(chuàng)建無(wú)屑的生產(chǎn)模式,也就是說(shuō),公司既不生產(chǎn)芯片,也不設(shè)計(jì)芯片,但設(shè)計(jì)有效的IP內(nèi)核,授權(quán)一個(gè)半導(dǎo)體公司使用,半導(dǎo)體公司在ARM技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上添加自己的設(shè)計(jì)和芯片產(chǎn)品的介紹,最終通過(guò)OEM客戶使用這些芯片構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)

9、基于ARM技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品。這樣,有點(diǎn)像高通的通信行業(yè)和半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)RAMBUS,他們站在半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上游的上游。19年前形成的手臂可能面臨很多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),由于沒(méi)有人知道這條路不能工作,但是現(xiàn)在,事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明,手臂沒(méi)有人通過(guò),但這是正確的道路。作為額外的產(chǎn)品,他還讓中國(guó)從窗口行業(yè)成員理解英國(guó)電子公司的成功的英國(guó)無(wú)屑的公司的進(jìn)展。Because ARM of the product is IP Core, without any physical sense of hardware or software entities, therefore can only registered in China to

10、 become "consultation" company, despite of its business consulting is just a few. ARM the core business is selling chips core technology IP, at present the whole world has 103 giant IT company in the home ARM technology, 20 largest semiconductor manufacturers in 19 is the ARM users, includ

11、ing Texas instruments, stmicroelectronics, Philips, Intel, etc. The only 20 giants didn't buy ARM authorized is the old Intel rival AMD, Intel because the StrongARM processor is portable, and AMD is the acquisition of the Alchemy company fight, used the MIPS structure.由于產(chǎn)品的手臂是IP核,沒(méi)有任何硬件或軟件實(shí)體的物理意

12、義,因此只能在中國(guó)注冊(cè)成為“詢(xún)問(wèn)”公司,盡管其業(yè)務(wù)詢(xún)問(wèn)只是少數(shù)。ARM核心業(yè)務(wù)是銷(xiāo)售芯片核心技術(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)產(chǎn)權(quán),目前全世界有103家中大型IT公司ARM技術(shù),20 19手臂用戶最大的半導(dǎo)體制造商,包括德州儀器、意法半導(dǎo)體、飛利浦、英特爾等。只有20個(gè)巨人沒(méi)有買(mǎi)手臂授權(quán)是古老的英特爾競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手AMD,英特爾由于StrongARM處理器是便攜式,和AMD是煉金術(shù)的收購(gòu)公司,使用了MIPS結(jié)構(gòu)。ARM product introductionARM offer a series of core, system expansion, microprocessor and system chip solutio

13、ns. Because all products are used a general software system, so the same software can be in all products operation (in theory so). Typical products as follows.臂產(chǎn)品介紹部門(mén)供應(yīng)一系列核心,系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)張,微處理器和系統(tǒng)芯片的解決方案。由于全部的產(chǎn)品都是使用一種通用的軟件系統(tǒng),所以相同的軟件可以在全部產(chǎn)品操作(在理論上)。典型的產(chǎn)品如下。CPU core (CPU核心)ARM7TDMI (Thumb) : this is the most au

14、thorized users a product will ARM7 instruction set with Thumb extension together, in order to reduce memory capacity and system cost. At the same time, it also use embedded ICE commissioning technical to simplify system design, and a digital signal processor (DSP) enhance extended to improve perform

15、ance. The product of the typical application is digital cellular phones and hard disk drives.ARM7TDMI(拇指):這是最授權(quán)用戶的產(chǎn)品將與拇指ARM7指令集擴(kuò)展在一起,以削減內(nèi)存容量和系統(tǒng)成本。與此同時(shí),它也使用嵌入冰調(diào)試技術(shù)來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),和數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(DSP)增加擴(kuò)展來(lái)提高性能。產(chǎn)品的典型應(yīng)用是數(shù)字蜂窩電話和硬盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器。ARM710 series, including ARM710, ARM710T, ARM720T and ARM740T: low price, low energy

16、consumption, encapsulation type routine system micro processor, equipped with Cache (Cache), memory management, writing buffer and JTAG. Widely used in handheld computing, data communication and consumer multimedia.ARM7 optimized for use on price and power consumption of the application of sensitive

17、 low power consumption and a nuclear, very low power consumption; Three parts assembly line and and von neumann structure, provide 0.9 MIPS/MHz.ARM710系列,包括ARM710、ARM710T ARM720T ARM740T:價(jià)格低,能耗低,封裝類(lèi)型常規(guī)系統(tǒng)微處理器,配有緩存(緩存),內(nèi)存管理,寫(xiě)緩沖區(qū)和JTAG。廣泛應(yīng)用于手持計(jì)算機(jī)、數(shù)據(jù)通信和消費(fèi)多媒體。ARM7優(yōu)化使用價(jià)格和功耗敏感的低功耗的應(yīng)用程序和一個(gè)核,格外低功耗;三部分組裝線和馮

18、3;諾依曼結(jié)構(gòu),供應(yīng)0.9 MIPS / MHz。ARM9TDMI: the five stages GuanDaoHua ARM9 kernel, also equipped with Thumb extension, commissioning and Harvard bus. In the production process of the same case, performance of ARM7TDMI twice as many. Often used for networking and the top place box.ARM9TDMI:五個(gè)階段GuanDaoHua ARM

19、9內(nèi)核,還配備了拇指擴(kuò)展、調(diào)試和哈佛公共汽車(chē)。在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程相同的狀況下,ARM7TDMI兩倍的性能。通常用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)和地方盒子頂部。ARM940T series low, low energy consumption, high performance system microprocessor, equipped with, memory management and write buffer. Application to the advanced engine management, and security system, the top place box, portable comput

20、er and high-grade printer. StrongARM: high performance, at the same time satisfy the need of the routine use a microprocessor technology, and joint research DEC, later license to Intel. SA110 processor, SA1100 PDA system chip and SA1500 multimedia processor chip is using this technique.ARM940T系列低,能耗

21、低,高性能微處理器系統(tǒng),配備、內(nèi)存管理和寫(xiě)緩沖區(qū)。應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的引擎管理和平安系統(tǒng),頂部位置框,便攜式電腦和高檔打印機(jī)。StrongARM:高性能,同時(shí)滿足日常的需要使用微處理器技術(shù),聯(lián)合爭(zhēng)辯12月,后來(lái)英特爾的許可證。SA110處理器,SA1100 PDA系統(tǒng)芯片和SA1500多媒體處理器芯片使用這種技術(shù)。ARM920T, began, ARM940T, ARM966E-S, ARM968E-S, ARM996HS has a high performance and low power consumption of leading a macro unit, level 5 lines str

22、ucture; Harvard structure provides 1.1 MIPS/MHz. ARM920T and began the performance of the built-in MMU, instructions and data cache and high-speed AMBA bus interface. AMBA chip bus is an open standard, has become the construction and development of library SoC IP criterion of truth. AMBA advanced hi

23、gh performance bus (AHB) interface by all new ARM now nuclear support, provide development all the integrated design system. ARM940T built-in instructions and data cache, protection unit and high-speed AMBA bus interface.ARM920T開(kāi)頭,ARM940T ARM966E-S、ARM968E-S ARM996HS高性能和低功耗的主要一個(gè)宏單元,5級(jí)線結(jié)構(gòu);哈佛結(jié)構(gòu)供應(yīng)了1.1

24、MIPS / MHz。ARM920T并開(kāi)頭內(nèi)置的MMU的性能,指令和數(shù)據(jù)緩存和高速AMBA總線接口。安巴芯片總線是一種開(kāi)放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),已成為圖書(shū)館的建設(shè)和進(jìn)展SoC IP真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。安巴先進(jìn)的高性能總線(AHB)接口的全部新手臂現(xiàn)在核支持,供應(yīng)開(kāi)發(fā)全部的集成設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)。ARM940T內(nèi)置指令和數(shù)據(jù)緩存,愛(ài)護(hù)單元和高速AMBA總線接口。ARM7500 and ARM7500FE: highly integrated RISC single chip computer, a cache type based on ARM7 32 bit kernel, with memory and I/O contro

25、ller, three DMA channel, the video controller and palette of and stereo port; ARM7500FE increased by a floating point unit and the support of EDO DRAM. Especially suitable for the top box and TV for the network computer (NC).ARM7500 ARM7500FE:高度集成的RISC單片機(jī),緩存類(lèi)型基于ARM7 32位內(nèi)核、內(nèi)存和I / O把握器,三個(gè)DMA通道的視頻把握器和面

26、板和立體聲港口;ARM7500FE增加了一個(gè)浮點(diǎn)單元和江戶DRAM的支持。特殊適合的機(jī)頂盒和電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)(NC)。ARM10 ARM1020E, ARM1022E, ARM1026EJ-S, series is 64 bit AHB instructions and data interface; 6 levels of assembly line structure; 1.25 / MHz MIPS; Than comparable ARM9 device performance increased by 50%. Added two new advanced energy-saving

27、way to get the abnormal low power consumption. VFP10 coprocessor perfect compliance ARM10 device to supply high-performance floating point solutions ARM10 has three kernel respectively is: ARM1026EJ-S , ARM1020E , ARM1022E .ARM10 ARM1020E、ARM1022E ARM1026EJ-S,系列64位AHB指令和數(shù)據(jù)接口;6水平的流水線結(jié)構(gòu);1.25 / MHz MIP

28、S;比ARM9設(shè)備性能增加了50%。添加了兩個(gè)新的先進(jìn)的節(jié)能方法不正常的低功耗。VFP10協(xié)處理器完善合規(guī)ARM10設(shè)備供應(yīng)高性能浮點(diǎn)解ARM10有三個(gè)內(nèi)核分別是:ARM1026EJ-S,ARM1020E,ARM1022E。ARM11 MPCore, ARM1136J (F)-S, ARM1176JZ (F)-S it is efficient high performance CPU, domestic haven't products appear.ARM11 MPCore ARM1136J(F)- s,ARM1176JZ(F)- s高效高性能CPU,國(guó)內(nèi)還沒(méi)有產(chǎn)品消滅。ARM s

29、oftware system and operating system in the paper手臂軟件系統(tǒng)和操作系統(tǒng)The embedded system usually in the specific application as the center, take the processor as core and face the reality of the application software and hardware system, the hardware the embedded system operation of the foundation and platform

30、, providing the software required for the operation of physics platform and communication interface; And of the embedded system software generally include operating system and application software, they are the whole system control core, provide machine and other information interaction. Therefore,

31、the development of embedded system usually includes both hardware and software development, hardware mainly includes choosing appropriate MCU, storage device or SOC type, the communication interface and the I/O, power and other auxiliary equipment; Software of mainly involves OS porting and applicat

32、ion development, at the same time, software interrupts commissioning and real-time debugging, code, and the optimization of portability/reusable and software curing and so on is also the key embedded software development.嵌入式系統(tǒng)通常在具體應(yīng)用為中心,以處理器為核心和面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的應(yīng)用軟件和硬件系統(tǒng),硬件的嵌入式系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái),供應(yīng)所需的軟件操作的物理平臺(tái)和通信接口,和一般的

33、嵌入式系統(tǒng)軟件包括操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件,它們是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的把握核心,供應(yīng)機(jī)器和其他信息交互。因此,嵌入式系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)通常包括硬件和軟件開(kāi)發(fā),硬件主要包括選擇合適的單片機(jī),存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備或SOC類(lèi)型、通信接口和I / O,電力和其他幫助設(shè)備,主要包括操作系統(tǒng)移植和應(yīng)用程序的軟件開(kāi)發(fā),與此同時(shí),軟件中斷調(diào)試和實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)試代碼,便攜性/可重用和軟件的優(yōu)化養(yǎng)護(hù)等等也是嵌入式軟件開(kāi)發(fā)的關(guān)鍵。ARM of the operating system and the system development the execution environment provides the widest choice, custome

34、rs can according to need to choose the most to adapt to the requirements of the market based on ARM embedded operating system. Alternative embedded operating system has a few kinds, used more have Linux, WinCE, Palm, Symbian, and so on. The WinCE more OEM is according to their needs, and specific em

35、bedded devices of development, such as GPS navigation equipment. The Palm operating system manufacturers have lenovo samsung SONY, their shipments are very great. Symbian operating system is advanced global public industry standard operating system, based on the Symbian operating system of mobile ph

36、ones have: BenQ, DoCoMo, Motorola, Nokia, ltd., samsung, SONY Ericsson etc. Linux is the source code of the opening of the operating system, it can run in including ARM and so on many kinds of mainstream processor architecture. Because a large number of engineers in the development of open source an

37、d related development tools, Linux can be more convenient for transplantation.手臂的操作系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)執(zhí)行環(huán)境供應(yīng)了廣泛的選擇,客戶可以依據(jù)需要選擇最適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需求的基于ARM的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)。選擇嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)有幾種,使用更多的Linux,畏縮,棕櫚,塞班,等等。畏縮的OEM是依據(jù)他們的需求,和特定的嵌入式設(shè)備的進(jìn)展,GPS導(dǎo)航設(shè)備等。Palm操作系統(tǒng)制造商三星索尼、聯(lián)想出貨量格外大。塞班操作系統(tǒng)是先進(jìn)的全球公共行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作系統(tǒng),基于Symbian操作系統(tǒng)的手機(jī)有:明基,DoCoMo,摩托羅拉、諾基亞、有限公司、三星

38、、索尼愛(ài)立信等。Linux是源代碼開(kāi)放的操作系統(tǒng),它可以運(yùn)行在包括手臂等等多種主流的處理器架構(gòu)。由于大量的工程師開(kāi)放源碼和相關(guān)開(kāi)發(fā)工具的進(jìn)展,Linux可以更便利移植。With Linux as an example, the choice based on ARM Linux, can get more development the application of source code, can use the high-performance ARM processor develop more vast network and wireless applications, ARM of

39、 the Jazelle technology bring Linux the workbench Java program better performance. ARM company series development tools and development plate, and the various development BBS available information bring faster time to the market.使用Linux作為一個(gè)例子,選擇基于ARM Linux,可以得到更多的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序的源代碼,可以使用高性能的ARM處理器開(kāi)發(fā)更浩大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無(wú)線

40、應(yīng)用程序,手臂Jazelle技術(shù)使Linux工作臺(tái)Java程序更好的性能。ARM公司系列開(kāi)發(fā)工具和開(kāi)發(fā)板和可用的各種進(jìn)展論壇信息給市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)更快的時(shí)間。ARM development processARM開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程Based on ARM926 Linux development as an example, scan the entire development process:1 design principle diagram (including the WIGGLER JTAG visit really device);2 design PCB (including the WIGGLE

41、R JTAG visit really device);3 plate;4 welding voltage, determine the voltage no problem;5 welding 44 B0 + JTAG circuit + WIGGLER JTAG visit of the surrounding circuit is +, with BANYANT + simulators connection, BANYANT tip mistakes, but can display the 44 B0 Numbers, explain 44 B0 no problem;6 weldi

42、ng crystal + RAM + ROM + surrounding circuit, with BANYANT + simulators connection, can show the correct 44 B0;7 BANYANT + simulation with the connecting, open AXD, in the command line window operation RAM, see can modify, if (with memory window see RAM address) RAM is no problem can use this comman

43、d "setmem 0 xc000000, 0 XFFFFFFFF, 32"8 procedures according to "FLASH and writing summaries" burn to FLASH, test;9 in accordance with the UBOOT transplant operation "transplantation UBOOT;10 according to "UCLINUX download simple showing next UCLINUX;基于ARM926 Linux開(kāi)發(fā)作為一

44、個(gè)例子,掃描整個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程:1設(shè)計(jì)原理圖(包括孑孓JTAG訪問(wèn)真正的設(shè)備);2設(shè)計(jì)PCB(包括孑孓JTAG訪問(wèn)真的設(shè)備);3板;4焊接電壓,確定電壓沒(méi)有問(wèn)題;5焊接44 B0 + JTAG電路+孑孓JTAG訪問(wèn)四周的電路+ BANYANT +模擬器連接,BANYANT提示錯(cuò)誤,但是可以顯示44 B0的數(shù)字,解釋44 B0沒(méi)問(wèn)題;6焊接水晶+ RAM +羅+周邊電路,BANYANT +模擬器連接,可以顯示正確的44 B0;7 BANYANT +模擬連接,打開(kāi)AXD,在命令行窗口中操作內(nèi)存,可以修改,假如(內(nèi)存窗看到內(nèi)存地址)內(nèi)存沒(méi)有問(wèn)題可以使用這個(gè)命令“setmem 0 xc000000開(kāi)頭,0

45、XFFFFFFFF 32 ”;8程序依據(jù)“閃電和寫(xiě)作摘要”燃燒FLASH,測(cè)試;9依據(jù)UBOOT移植操作“移植UBOOT;10 “將來(lái)UCLINUX UCLINUX下載簡(jiǎn)潔的顯示;SummaryAMR (Audio/MODEM Riser, voice/MODEM card) is a set of open industrial standard, it defined expansion CARDS can also support voice and MODEM function. Use this to the design, can effectively reduce the co

46、st, and solve the voice and MODEM subsystem at present on the function of some restrictions. People actually would have wanted to put the MODEM subsystem integrated into the system board, but since there are electromagnetic interference and other convenient factors, so the most important MODEM simul

47、ation I/O (coding/decoder and DAA) circuit can't be directly welded to temporarily on the main board. Intel company is set AMR rules, it is important for a purpose is to solve this problem, the simulated the I/O circuit transfer to a single card, the other remaining parts on the main board.Through an open, industrial standard card design, system manufacturers can use standard or special slot, with very low cost on the mainboard achieve voice and MODEM function. Because of it has more flexibility, can be integr