動名詞的用法

1、動名詞的用法及練習你聽過英文語法有動詞(verb)、名詞(noun)；但你聽過有動名詞(gerund)嗎？1. The girl is singing a song.2. The girl singing now is my sister.3. Singing is one of her hobbies(愛好).一、名詞性的動名詞(Nominal Gerund)Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠詞(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠詞(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在動名詞前的還有如：my, this, some, any, all

2、, no 等等。舉例如下：1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.(singing前加定冠詞 the及形容詞mellow；coming 前加 the)2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙聲) in the bushes.(rustling 前加不定冠詞a及形容詞 faint) 從上面的例子可看出如何將一個動詞轉成名詞；但它和真正的名詞還是有區(qū)別的，那就是沒有單數(shù)或復數(shù)之分。不過，有一些動名詞是可以變成真

3、正名詞的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它們都可以有復數(shù)的喔，方法就是在它們的后面加個s，如：paintings。二、動詞性的動名詞(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子：Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是動名詞，但前面有副詞carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受詞(Object)

4、essays。因此writing就有動詞的特征。注意：Verbal Gerund 這類動名詞的前面可不能加上任何冠詞(the, a, an .)喔。動名詞的功能與用法一、在句子中用作主語(Subject)或主語的補語(Subject Complement):1.1 作主語1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主語Listening ）2. Running is good exercise. （主語running)3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主語walking)1.2 作主語的補語 1. My cat&

5、#39;s favorite activity is sleeping. (補語sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主語seeing, 補語believing)1.3 主語置于句尾 1.3.1 用 It + be + . +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).1.3.2 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型1. It is no use learning theo

6、ry without practice.2. It is no fun being lost in rain.1.3.3 用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型1. There is no joking about such matters.2. There is no getting along with him. (簡直無法與他相處)二、動

7、名詞也可以作賓語（Object)2.1 作動詞/動詞短語的賓語(置于動詞或動詞短語的后面）1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起來）（賓語laughing)2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (賓語quarrelling)3. You should practice speaking English more. (賓語speaking)注意：上面三個句子中的動詞:help, avoid, practice 只能用動名詞作賓語。這類動詞還有：dislike 厭惡 admit 接受 repent 后悔

8、acknowledge 承認enjoy 享受 escape避免 deny 否認 postpone 延遲resent 怨恨 mind 介意 miss 錯過 risk 冒風險finish 完成 avoid 避免 delay 耽誤 consider 認為fancy 想象 excuse 原諒 include 包括 imagine 想象resist 抵制 suggest 建議 還有短語類：keep (on)繼續(xù) don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放棄put off 延遲 leave off 停止 burst out 闖出 再請注意：有一些動詞除了可接動名

9、詞外，也可接不定詞(infinitive)。例子如下：1. I prefer living in an apartment. (動詞prefer接動名詞 living)2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (動詞prefer接不定詞 to live) 像上面兩個句子的意思沒什么不同。如 prefer 這一類的動詞還有：allow deserve neglect attempt fear omit begin hatepermit bother intend cease like recommend continue lovestart stop forget

10、 regret propose try continue rememberneed 其實如hate, love, like之類動詞，接動名詞和接不定詞的句子，意思是會有些不同的，這就留給大家去研究吧，hihi2.2 作介詞(Preposition)的賓語(Object)1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介詞for，賓語giving)2. The book is worth reading. (介詞worth, 賓語reading)3. I reached him by calling his office. (介詞by, 賓語c

11、alling)4. The police arrested(逮捕）him for speeding. (介詞for, 賓語speeding)注意：在下列的句子結構中，介詞 in 被省略掉：1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?2.3 作"名詞+介詞"的賓語請看下列

12、的句子：1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 賓語speaking)2. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 賓語studying)這一類"名詞+介詞"的還有：danger of fear of objection todelight to habit of opportunity for /ofexcuse for experience in love inreason for

13、 三、句子中動名詞的邏輯主語(Implied Subject)什么是動名詞的邏輯主語呢？在句子中，除了原有的主語之外，屬于動名詞的"主語"，也就稱為"邏輯主語"，一般位于動名詞的前面。3.1 在動名詞前加"物主代詞（如：my, his.)"或"名詞所有格(如：Mary's, Dog's.)"1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主語/邏輯主語his, 動名詞coming）2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trou

14、ble for the jailer.(主語/邏輯主語Tom,動名詞escaping)3.2 作賓語(Object)的動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，在動名詞前加"物主代詞"或"名詞所有格"1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (邏輯主語my, 動名詞smoking)2. He insisted on Mary's staying there. (邏輯主語Mary, 動名詞staying)注意：作為邏輯主語的名詞/代詞為無生命時，則用通格（of the):1. I cannot say there is no f

15、ear of the news spreading among intimate friends. （邏輯主語news)3.3 在下列情況中，不能使用所有格：3.3.1 代詞為 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作為邏輯主語時:1. I remember all of them saying it .3.3.2 數(shù)詞、名詞化形容詞（如 the three, the old.)作邏輯主語時：1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believeit.3.3.3 結

16、構中的邏輯主語是名子或短語，或受從句或短語修飾時：1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder?四、動名詞的語態(tài) 4.1 被動式(being + v-ed)當動名詞的邏輯主語所表示的是動作的對象時，動名詞要用被動語態(tài)。1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.2. They couldn't stand being treated(被對待) like that.4.2 完成式 (having + v-e

17、d)動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成式。1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.2. The students' having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.4.3 完成式的被動語態(tài) (having been + v-ed)1. I heard of his having been chosen(被選為) to be the coach of the team.2. Some of our customers complained of

18、having been treated(被對待)rudely.4.4 在動詞 need, want, require, deserve 之后的動名詞（作為賓語），要用主動語態(tài)來表示被動的意思。1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要澆水）.2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering(不需回答).五、作定語 （Attribute）動名詞放在所修飾的名詞前面作為定語，表示該名詞的用途或有關的動作。1. sleeping car 臥車 2. wal

19、king stick 手杖3. printing shop 印務館 4. reading room 閱讀室5. swimming pool 泳池 6. washing machine 洗衣機 7. dining room 飯廳六、在英文正式語體里，動名詞可放在前置詞(Preposition)后，以替代副詞/狀語的子句(Adverbial Clauses) 例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the following number:.2. In case of encountering difficul

20、ties, customers should ring the following number:.第二個句子的"In case of "動名詞短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一個句子的 "Incase" 副詞子句。下列都是這類例子：1. In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of )2. Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted. (despite)3. For all his argu

21、ing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)4. The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)5. In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)6. Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of )7. The girl left without saying a word. (without

22、)8. The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)9. The children got tired from learning too much. (from)10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England. (after)11. Before going to bed, I opened the window. (before)12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his

23、 friends. (on)13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since)練習題 1) Mark often attempts to escape _D_ whenever he BReaks TRaffic regulations. A)shavingsbeen fined B) to have been fined  C) to be fined D) being fined 2) My wife said in her letter that she would appre

24、ciate _D_ from you sometime. A) to have heard B) to hear C) for hearing D) hearing 3) The thief took away the woman's wallet without_A_. A) being seen B) seeing C) him seeing D) seeing him 4) People appreciate _C_with him because he has a good sense of humor. (CET-4 1998,1)&#

25、160;A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) have working 5) I've enjoyed _B_ to talk with you. A) to be able B) being able C) to been able D) of being able 6) No one can avoid _B_ by advertisements.  A) to be influenced B) being influenced C) influencing D) shavings i

26、nfluence 7) They are considering _C_ before the prices go up. A) of buying the house B) with buying the house C) buying the house D) to buy the house 8) He thought that _C_. A) the effort doing the job was not worth B) the effort was not worth in doing the job C) it was

27、 not worth the effort doing the job D) it was not worth the effort by doing the job 9) If I had remembered _A_ the door, the things would not have been stolen.  A) to lock B) locking C) to have locked D)shavings locked 10) Your shirt needs _C_. You'd better have it done today

28、.  A) iron B) to iron C) ironing D) being ironed 11) You can't help _C_ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another.  A) to hear B) to be heard C) hearing D) with hearing 12) My TRansistor radio isn't working. It _C_.

29、 A) need repairing B) needs to repair C) needs repairing D) need to be repaired 13) It is no use _B_ me not to worry. A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D)shavings told 14) He is very busy _B_ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers. A) to write.t

30、o receive B) writing.to receive C) writing.receiving D) to write.for receiving 15)The suspect at last admitted _A_ stolen goods but denied _ them. A) receiving.selling B) to receive.to sell C) to receiving.to selling D) to have received.to have sold 16) She apologized for _A

31、_ to come. A) her not being able B) her being not able C) not being able D) that she's not able to 17)I really appreciate _C_ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself. A) you to offer B) that you offer C) your offering D) that you are offering 18) Pleas

32、e stop _D_, boys, I have something important to _ you. A) saying .talk B) telling . say C) talking .speak D) talking . tell 19) Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _B_ his tape recorder? A) to fix B) fixing C) for fixing D) fix 20)"Why isn't Nancy g

33、oing to meet us?""It's my fault. I forgot all about _A_ her." A) telephoning to B) to telephone C) to telephone to D) the telephoning to 21)"Why were you late?""I had a hard time _D_ up this morning." A) to get B) get C) got D) getting 

34、22)I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got sintos TRouble. A) once offering B) him once offering C) him to offer D) to offer him 23)John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week. A) not going B) not to go C) notshavingsbeen going D) not to be going 24) It is difficult to

35、 get used _B_ in a tent after shavingsa soft, comforTABLE bed to lie on. A) sleep B) to sleeping C) slept D) to sleep 25) He gives people the impression _C_ many poems. A) of shavingswritten B) to have written C) of being written D) to write 26) Do you feel like _D_ out

36、 or would you rather _ dinner at home? A) going.to have B) to go.to have C) to go.having D) going.have 27) Prior to _A_ the formal speech, first he will inTRoduce himself. A) delivering B) deliver C) being delivering D) being delivered 28)I don't mind _D_ by bus, bu

37、t I hate _ in queues. A) to TRavel.standing B)shavingsTRaveled.standing C) TRaveling.to stand D) TRaveling.standing 29)What about _C_ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go_ next week. A) buying.to shop B) buy.shopping C) buying.shopping D) to buy.s

38、hopping 30) We had some TRouble _B_ the house and nobody seemed _swheresit was. A) in finding.knowing B) finding.to know C) to find.knowing D) to find.to know 31)We can't imagine _B_ in the enTRance examination, for she has never been to school. A) she succeeding B) her

39、succeeding C) she succeed D) her to succeed 32)I don't like _A_ at me. A) them laughing B) their laugh C) them laugh D) them to have laughed 33)We suggested _A_ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out. A) sleeping.to camp B) sleeping.camping C) to sleep.t

40、o camp D) to sleep.camping ?34)I have no OBJECTion _B_ the evening with them. A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending 35) After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D)shavingsintervie

41、wed 36)The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court. A) OBJECTed toshavingsB) were OBJECTed to have C) OBJECTed to have D) were OBJECTed to having 37)Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for he

42、r examination. A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared 38)It is no good _A_ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned. A) TRying to B) to TRy to C) TRy to D) TRied to 39)After _D_ him better, I regretted _ him unfairly

43、. A) getting to know.to judge B) getting to know.to have judged C) getting to have know.judging D) getting to know.having judged 40)He is looking forward to _C_ his holiday in Britain. A) spend B) have spent C) spending D)shavingsbeen spending 41) Before _D_ t

44、he house, you should get a surveyor_ over it. A) buying.looking B)shavingsbought.to look C) buying.to have looked D) buying.to look 42)In some counTRies people favor _C_ together even though there is much more space. A) to stay B) stay C) staying D) stayed 43)"Why was F

45、red so upset?""He isn't used _C_ criticized." A) be B) to be C) to being D)shavingsbeen 44) It's no use _B_ to get a bargain these days. A) to expect B) expecting C) wanting D) you expect 45)"Why were you so late for work today?""_A_ to the o

46、ffice was very slow this morning because of the TRaffic." A) Driving B) I drove C) To drive D) That I drove 46)It was impolite of him _A_without _good-bye. A) to leave, saying B) leaving, to say C) to leave, to say D) leaving, saying 47) He kept _C_to his parents.&

47、#160;A) putting off to write B) to put off to write C) putting off writing D) to put off writing 48)I'll go with you after I get through with _A_the house. A) cleaning B) to cleaning C) to be cleaned D)shavingscleaned 49) With apples at 25 cents a pound, we couldn't

48、resist _C_four pounds. A) to take B) took C) taking D) have taken 50)How can you keep the machine _C_when you are away? A) run B) to run C) running D) being run 動名詞.單項選擇 (45%) 1.No one enjoys (C)at.A.laughingB.to laugh  C.being laughed D.to be laughed 2.You must do

49、 something to prevent your house (B).A.to be broken in B.from being broken inC.to break in D.from breaking in 3.They insisted on (C)another chance to try.A.given B.giving C.being given D.to be given4.Where is my passport? I remember (C)it here.You shouldn't have left it here. Remember it wi

50、th you all the time.A.to put；to takeB.putting；taking  C.putting；to takeD.to put；taking 5.His room needs (A), so he must have it A.painting； paintedB.painted； paintingC.painting； painting D.painted； painted 6.After finishing his homework he went on (D)a letter to his parents.A.write B.

51、writing C.wrote D.to write 7.The young trees we planted last week require (A)with great care.A.looking afterB.to look after C.to be looked afterD.taken good care of 8.Only(D)English doesn't mean ( ) the language.A.to learn；to learn B.learning；learningC.learning about；learn D.learning a

52、bout；learning 9.She returned home only to find the door open and something (C).A.missedB.to be missing C.missingD.to be missed 10.She decided to devote herself (C) the problem of old age.A.to study B.studying C.to studying D.study 11.Remember (C)the newspaper when you have finished it

53、. A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.be put back 12.As she is looking forward to (B)from me, please remember ()this letter on your way to school.A.hear；post B.hearing；to post C.be heard；posting D.be hearing；to posting 13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble(C) your h

54、andwriting.A.to readB.to see C.reading C.in seeing 14.Writing stories and articles (A)what I enjoy most.A.is B.are C.was D.were 15.We appreciate (C)us to the ball.A.them to inviteB.to invite C.their inviting D.being invited 16.Would you mind (C)quiet for a moment? I'm trying

55、()a form.A.keeping；filling out B.to keep；to fill outC.keeping；to fill out D.to keep；filling out 17.He was afraid (B) for being late.A.of seeingB.of being seen C.to be seenD.to have seen 18.I'd like to suggest (B)the meeting till next week.A.to put off B.putting off C.put off D.to be pu

56、t off 19.I don't see how I could possibly manage(B) the work without ().A.finish；helping B.to finish；being helpedC.finishing；helping D.finishing；being helped 20.Anything worth (A)is worthy of ()well.A.doing；being done B.doing；doingC.to be done；to be done D.to be done；being done 21

57、.We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted (D) the work.A.finishB.to finish C.in finishing D.on finishing 22.I delayed (B)your letter because I had been away for a week.A.answer B.answering C.writing D.to post 23.The thief drove as fast as he could to escape (C)by the police.A.to be caughtB.he caught  C.being caught D.catching 24.I searched for my wallet and it wasn&