版邏輯筆記第二部分73125題v

1、ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（72 題 125 題）ChaseDreamPREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 - 125 題）-Helr作者：責(zé)編：Zeros1 / 98ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（72 題 125 題） ：ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題125 題），本材料屬于ChaseDream所有。本材料中的所有內(nèi)容，包括（但不僅限于）正文、圖片、和圖標(biāo)，、查受中國(guó)法和其他國(guó)際法的保護(hù)。在任何單機(jī)上，您都可以看這些材料或打印作為個(gè)人使用；網(wǎng)絡(luò)必須標(biāo)明出處同時(shí)保證資料的完整；不用于其他任何目的打印、復(fù)印、再、分發(fā)、傳送、上

2、載、和公開(kāi)演示，不得隨意修改、和改變這些資料；嚴(yán)禁利用此資料的全部或部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行任何商業(yè)性應(yīng)用，否則將受到依法。2 / 98ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（72 題 125 題）序：ChaseDream 推出GMAT 培訓(xùn)，一方面，很多 CDers 有這樣的需求，而我們可以做得更好；另一方面，我們希望通過(guò)在 GMAT 培訓(xùn)中所積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和資料用來(lái)回饋 ChaseDream 社區(qū)，為 CDers 提供更好的幫助。Helr 研究出來(lái)的這套GMAT 解題體系與ChaseDream 上廣泛流行的各種方法有著非常大的區(qū)別。這套方法的有效性經(jīng)過(guò)Helr和非常多CD Workshop 同學(xué)

3、們的驗(yàn)證。但是，在培訓(xùn)的過(guò)程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)掌握這套方法并不是一個(gè)非常容易的過(guò)程（并非這套方法有多難，而在于這是一個(gè)相對(duì)的體系，很多內(nèi)容與之前的認(rèn)知兼容度較?。?。GMAT 是一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)很精巧的，通過(guò)各種不同的方法備考，都有同學(xué)拿到很高的分?jǐn)?shù)，這從 CD 的 1500 多篇 GMAT 高分備考心經(jīng)中可以看出。Helr 的這套方法與傳統(tǒng)的“通過(guò) GMAT倒推 GMAC 認(rèn)為什么是對(duì)的”不同，而是站在一個(gè)更高的角度“出題者如何設(shè)計(jì) GMAT 題目的角度”。有同學(xué)會(huì)問(wèn)，“為什么你說(shuō)你站在了出題者的角度，然后你就站在出題者的角度了？”這個(gè)問(wèn)題問(wèn)得好，這背后是他持續(xù)不斷的探索和研發(fā)，是比 Helr 總結(jié)出這套方

4、法更為復(fù)雜的一個(gè)過(guò)程。正所謂所見(jiàn)略同，我也問(wèn)過(guò)Helr 這個(gè)問(wèn)題。當(dāng)時(shí)，Helr 非常有地給我講了起來(lái)，不時(shí)從他桌上抽出一本書(shū)給我看，推薦我讀讀，半個(gè)小時(shí)過(guò)后，Helr興奮地問(wèn)我，感覺(jué)如何？咱再詳細(xì)說(shuō)說(shuō)這個(gè)方法背后的理論基礎(chǔ)？我面前的桌上幾疊快有我高的書(shū)，我決定放棄，表示不用繼續(xù)聽(tīng)下去，他講的邏輯。與這套方法外面所呈現(xiàn)的 simple & elegant 不同，方法背后的支撐要紛繁復(fù)雜得太多，或許只有他這樣鉆研其中，可以享受其中的美。幸運(yùn)的是，掌握這套方法，并不需要做 Helr 那么多的工作。最近有同學(xué)整理 CD GMAT Workshop 課堂邏輯部分的，寫(xiě)成筆記，發(fā)布在 Chase

5、Dream 論壇。有同學(xué)將筆記發(fā)給 Helr 看。Helr 收到后很開(kāi)心，說(shuō)整理的很用心，許多基本的內(nèi)容都包括在內(nèi)了。本著對(duì) CDers 負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度，考慮到這套方法掌握起來(lái)需要更豐富的資料，我們不希望看到大家在使用這套方法時(shí)因?yàn)橐恍├斫馍系钠?，而耽誤了大家的備考。于是，Helr 花了幾天時(shí)間，寫(xiě)出這份筆記，用他的方法路上奮戰(zhàn)的你有所幫助GMAT PREP CR 08，希望這份筆記可以對(duì)在 GMAT 備方法是培訓(xùn)的，但遠(yuǎn)非全部。CD GMAT Workshop 培訓(xùn)是著我們創(chuàng)建的這套GMAT 解題方法構(gòu)建的一個(gè)完整體系，包括了講課，課堂交流，課前預(yù)習(xí)，課后作業(yè)，答疑，后期跟進(jìn)和性輔導(dǎo)等等，完整

6、的服務(wù)需要，因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)的團(tuán)隊(duì)在支撐這項(xiàng)服務(wù)，我們無(wú)法將所有完整的服務(wù)提供給所有的 CDers。我們希望有盡量多的 CDers 從我們的努力中獲益，這與是否參加培訓(xùn)無(wú)關(guān)。我們會(huì)盡量提供這套方法的準(zhǔn)確資料，幫助無(wú)法參加 CD GMAT 培訓(xùn)的同學(xué)掌握這套方法。關(guān)于這套方法的使用，歡迎大家討論，簡(jiǎn)單的肯定或同，深入的思考，都會(huì)在 GMAT 備考過(guò)程中獲益。都不是我們希望看到的。不論你是否認(rèn)如果這份筆記可以幫到大家， 或疑問(wèn)反饋給我們。是我們最開(kāi)心的事情。也希望大家在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中，遇到的問(wèn)題ZerosChaseDream Founder3 / 98ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（7

7、2 題 125 題）前言：既然前面有了ChaseDream 接下來(lái)你將看到的是一套的序言，那我這里就不多說(shuō)煽情的話語(yǔ)了。題目及其。這里并沒(méi)有過(guò)多談及每種推理類(lèi)型的定義及詳細(xì)介紹，而是把絕大部分重心都放在實(shí)戰(zhàn)題目和方法介紹以及練習(xí)，歡迎大家學(xué)習(xí)ChaseDream GMAT 備考系列推理一書(shū)。上。關(guān)于詳細(xì)的中性下面是關(guān)于這份筆記的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題：1.提問(wèn)：為什么題號(hào)是從 69 開(kāi)始的，而不是 1 開(kāi)始的？回答：這是 08 版 prep 的理（邏輯）部分，在它之前還有 07 版 prep理（邏輯）部分。在 07 版 prep 中，它的題號(hào)是從 1 題開(kāi)始到 68 題為止的。本資料中的題號(hào)是繼承自 07

8、版 prep 的題號(hào)的，所以從 69 題開(kāi)始。2.提問(wèn)：這份筆記有兩個(gè) word 文檔，一個(gè)是本資料，題號(hào)是從 69 開(kāi)始；另外一個(gè)的題號(hào)是從 73 開(kāi)始。兩個(gè)資料中有很多題號(hào)是重復(fù)的，是不是題目樣？回答：不是。這是兩套 prep 的題目，題號(hào)雖然有重合，但是題目不重復(fù)。在你所的prep 軟件中含有 Exam1 和 Exam2，這兩份資料分別對(duì)應(yīng)了兩個(gè) Exam。3.提問(wèn)：筆記中的方法在哪里有介紹？ChaseDream GMAT回答：可以在各大中或者實(shí)體書(shū)店理一書(shū)。備考系列4.提問(wèn)：有沒(méi)有書(shū)中的分類(lèi)總表？回答：見(jiàn)下：4 / 98ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（72 題 125

9、 題）5 / 98類(lèi)型題目總數(shù)題號(hào)黑臉5739197106113相關(guān)因果推理117475798082909496105117118類(lèi)比/統(tǒng)計(jì)枚舉推理107677849899100104119123統(tǒng)124果因推理69293108109110116因果推理881888995101107114121方案推理117883858687102111112115122125演繹推理2103120ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（72 題 125 題）版本更新日志：V3.1：本套暫無(wú)更新。V3.0：對(duì)版式以及幾乎每個(gè)題目的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行了產(chǎn)生變動(dòng)。更新。很多題目的解釋和推理方式6 / 98Chas

10、eDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）Practice Test #1 Critical Reasoning (53 Questions)73.Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-notescale known as the diatonic scale, but when did the scale originate?Afragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four ho

11、les,which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of a diatonic scale. The entire flute must surely have had more holes, and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additionalholes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played.Ther

12、efore, theNeanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale.In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the followingroles?(A) The first introduces evidence to support the mainof the argument;the second is the mainstated in the arguent.(B) The first introdu

13、ces evidence to support the mainof the argument;the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.(C) The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which theargument as a whole is directed; the second states the mainargument.of the(D) The first introduces the phen

14、omenon that the argument as a whole seeks toexplain; the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.(E) The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second gives a reason to rule out one possible explanation.情景：一個(gè)殘缺的長(zhǎng)笛（flute）有四個(gè)孔，這四個(gè)孔可以吹出第三到

15、第六的音階（note）。并且制作這種長(zhǎng)笛的骨頭是足夠長(zhǎng)的以至于完整的骨頭可以多打幾個(gè)演奏完整的音階（全音階）。所以，制作這種長(zhǎng)笛的人很可能是演奏全音階的人。推理：第一個(gè)黑體字描述了一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象在論證的最后探求了。 第二個(gè)黑體字給出了這個(gè)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的選項(xiàng)分析：，也就是整個(gè)論證的立場(chǎng)。(A) Correct. 第一個(gè)黑體字介紹了支持論證主結(jié)論的證據(jù)；第二個(gè)黑體字是論證的主結(jié)論。(B) 第一個(gè)黑體字介紹了支持論證主結(jié)論的證據(jù)；第二個(gè)黑體字表達(dá)了論證反駁 的一個(gè)立場(chǎng)。第二個(gè)黑體字所表達(dá)的立場(chǎng)是論證同意的立場(chǎng)。(C) 第一個(gè)黑體字把一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)描述為了一個(gè)削弱論證支持的立場(chǎng)的內(nèi)容；第二個(gè) 黑體字是論證的

16、主結(jié)論。第一個(gè)黑體字是第二個(gè)黑體字的前提，也就是論證主結(jié)論的前提。(D) 第一個(gè)黑體字描述了一個(gè)論證試圖去找到解釋的現(xiàn)象；第二個(gè)黑體字表達(dá)了 論證反駁的立場(chǎng)。第二個(gè)黑體字所表達(dá)的立場(chǎng)是論證同意的立場(chǎng)。(E) 第一個(gè)黑體字描述了一個(gè)論證試圖去找到解釋的現(xiàn)象；第二個(gè)黑體字給出了刪除一個(gè)可能的的理由。第二個(gè)黑體字所表達(dá)的立場(chǎng)是論證同意的立場(chǎng)。7ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）74. In a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of manyrhinoceros

17、es because those animals wear radio collars.When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on.Putting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizer dart.Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertil

18、ity rates than uncollared females.Probably, therefore, some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility.In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of thefollowing?(A) Whether there are more collared female rhinoceroses than uncollared female rhinoceroses in the park(

19、B) How the tranquilizer that is used for immobilizing rhinoceroses differs, if at all, from tranquilizers used in working with other large mammals(C) How often park rangers need to use tranquilizer darts to immobilize rhinoceroses for reasons other than attaching radio collars(D) Whether male rhinoc

20、eroses in the wildlife park lose their collars any more often than theparks female rhinoceroses do(E) Whether radio collars are the only practical means that park rangers have for tracking the movements of rhinoceroses in the park情景：現(xiàn)在這個(gè)世道，連犀牛都要安裝 GPS 了。但是，犀牛可不像人一樣，不可能老實(shí)的讓你安裝 GPS，所以管理員們就必須麻醉犀?！，F(xiàn)在的情況

21、是，凡是被經(jīng)常麻醉的母犀牛的率都比較低，所以結(jié)論句為：Some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility。推理：在前提中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)象征著統(tǒng)計(jì)關(guān)聯(lián)的句子，即，F(xiàn)emale rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females，結(jié)論中兩者是因果關(guān)系（recollar 就意味著要注射麻醉劑）前提：recollar（注射麻醉劑）和lower fertility rates之間

22、存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系結(jié)論：Some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility選項(xiàng)要么同時(shí)提及“recollar（注射麻醉劑）”和“l(fā)ower fertility rates”，要么給 lower fertility rates 另外一個(gè)選項(xiàng)分析：(A) 在公園中帶collar的母犀牛是不是比不帶collar的母犀牛要多？無(wú)論帶collar的。母犀牛的絕對(duì)數(shù)量有多少，都沒(méi)有提及到。率低的問(wèn)題，所以本選項(xiàng)不是(B) 用于麻醉犀牛的麻醉劑是否和用于其他大型動(dòng)物身上的麻醉劑有區(qū)別？同樣地，本選項(xiàng)并沒(méi)有提到犀牛(C) Correct. 除掉佩戴colla

23、r這個(gè)率高低的問(wèn)題。外，公園護(hù)林員是否頻繁的由于其他而麻醉犀牛？這些犀牛的率是相對(duì)固定的，即recollar的比不recollar的要低一些。如果公園護(hù)林員有很多其他去麻醉犀牛的話，那么就表示，recollar的犀牛所用的麻醉劑的量并不一定比不recollar的高。所以麻醉劑和率之間的相關(guān)性就被削弱了，即保持果不變，因可以發(fā)生變化。屬于CQ1：相關(guān)8ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）性不存在。(D) 在公園中公犀牛是不是比母犀牛更容易弄掉collar？本選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到 的問(wèn)題，可以排除。(E) Collar是不是公園護(hù)林員追蹤犀牛活動(dòng)的唯一的方法？本選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有

24、提到 率的問(wèn)題，可以排除。率9ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）75. In the year following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack ofcigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent.In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent.The volume of cigarette sales is theref

25、ore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes.Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?(A) During the second year after the tax increase, cigarette sales increased by asignificant amount.(B) The information available to consumers on the health r

26、isks of smoking remained largely unchanged in the period before and after the tax increase.(C) Most consumers were unaware that the tax on cigarettes was going to increase.(D) During the year following the cigarette tax increase, many consumers had less income, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than th

27、ey had had in the previous year.(E) During the year after the tax increase, there was a greater variety of cigarettes on the market than there had been during the previous year.情景：在香煙稅上漲 8 分錢(qián)的,香煙的銷(xiāo)量下降了 10%.在這個(gè)稅上漲以前,銷(xiāo)量?jī)H僅下降了 1%。因此，是稅導(dǎo)致銷(xiāo)量下降。推理：在前提中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)象征著時(shí)間關(guān)聯(lián)的句子，即，In the year following an eight-cent in

28、crease in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent.In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent.，結(jié)論中兩者是因果關(guān)系。前提：an eight-cent increase in the federal tax和sales of cigarettes fell之間存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系結(jié)論：The volume of cigarette sales is there

29、fore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes選項(xiàng)要么同時(shí)提及 an eight-cent increase in the federal tax 和 sales of cigarettesfell，要么給 sales of cigarettes fell 另外一個(gè)選項(xiàng)分析：(A) 在稅上漲后的第二年，銷(xiāo)量上升了很多。本選項(xiàng)既提到了因又提到了典型“CQ1相關(guān)性不存在”的選項(xiàng)，即，保持因不變，果可以發(fā)生變化。但。是本題問(wèn)的是加強(qiáng)類(lèi)型，本選項(xiàng)為削弱方向，所以不是。Correct. 在稅上漲前后上漲后，公眾對(duì)于

30、吸煙有害健康這件事情的認(rèn)識(shí)沒(méi)有(B)變化。顯然地，如果公眾的認(rèn)識(shí)到了吸煙有害，那么很可能會(huì)影響大家的決策，即，影響總體銷(xiāo)量。其給出了另外一個(gè)去解釋現(xiàn)有的果。如果沒(méi)變，則排除了一個(gè)第三因素(所謂的他因)。本選項(xiàng)屬于（CQ2： 三因素問(wèn)題）。第大部分的顧客在過(guò)去并沒(méi)有稅會(huì)上漲。本選項(xiàng)需要注意時(shí)態(tài)was going(C)to，其意思是顧客沒(méi)有想到稅會(huì)漲，也就是說(shuō)，香煙的價(jià)格突然就漲了。假設(shè)你是買(mǎi)香煙的人，本來(lái)你家里還有兩盒煙，前幾天剛好路過(guò)便利店，想想還有煙呢，就暫時(shí)沒(méi)有買(mǎi)。今天，煙快沒(méi)了，你打算去買(mǎi)煙，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)前幾天還賣(mài)15元的煙，今天已經(jīng)賣(mài)25元了。這種“shock”很有可能導(dǎo)致你今天暫10Ch

31、aseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）煙癮，該買(mǎi)還是得買(mǎi)。所以這個(gè)選項(xiàng)時(shí)放棄買(mǎi)。但是長(zhǎng)久來(lái)講，一旦給出了一個(gè)CQ2第三因素，即，“shock”可能導(dǎo)致銷(xiāo)量的下降。給出了另外一個(gè)去解釋現(xiàn)有的果。不過(guò)是一個(gè)削弱選項(xiàng)，原題問(wèn)的是加強(qiáng)，所以不是。(D) 在香煙稅漲的那年，許多顧客的收入由于通貨膨脹的下降了。顧客的收入變少，很可能導(dǎo)致買(mǎi)香煙的數(shù)量變少，所以本選項(xiàng)給出了另外一個(gè)收入少了）去解釋現(xiàn)有的果。屬于CQ2 于本題問(wèn)的是加強(qiáng)，所以本選項(xiàng)不是第三因素，可以削弱原文。但是由。(E) 在稅漲后的，香煙的種類(lèi)比以前要多了。香煙的種類(lèi)本身和銷(xiāo)量沒(méi)有直接的解釋關(guān)系，所以本選項(xiàng)不能評(píng)

32、估整個(gè)推理。11ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）76. Which of the following most logically completes the argument?According to experts on shopping behavior, more shoppers would shop atJerrods department store if they were offered the convenience of shopping carts.In fact, even if the amount spent by thes

33、e additional customers only just covered the cost of providing the carts, providing carts would still probablyincrease Jerrods profits, since.(A) the layout of Jerrods is open enough to accommodate shopping cartscomfortably(B) several department stores that compete with Jerrods have begun to makesho

34、pping carts available to their customers(C) there are some potential customers who would not be enticed to shop atJerrods by the availability of shopping carts(D) stores that make shopping carts available to customers usually have to hire people to retrieve them from parking areas(E) a customer with

35、 a shopping cart buys more, on average, than a customer without a cart情景：根據(jù)顧客的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣，如果能提供給他們一些便捷的購(gòu)物車(chē)的話，那么就會(huì)有的人來(lái) Jerrod。就算由于購(gòu)物車(chē)增加的那部分顧客帶來(lái)的利潤(rùn)和增加購(gòu)物車(chē)的成本相同，提供購(gòu)物車(chē)仍然能增加利潤(rùn)。推理：本題屬于較為明顯的“相似推導(dǎo)相似”型題目，屬于類(lèi)比推理。本題的推理結(jié)構(gòu)為：增加購(gòu)物車(chē)前增加購(gòu)物車(chē)后類(lèi)比推理一共具有兩個(gè)評(píng)估方向，要么提到“增加購(gòu)物車(chē)前”或者“增加購(gòu)物車(chē)后”，要么給出與這兩個(gè)案例相平行等價(jià)的案例 C。選項(xiàng)分析：(A) Jerrod的布局可以輕松的容納下

36、這些購(gòu)物車(chē)。本選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及兩個(gè)案例。(B) 有些Jerrod的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手已經(jīng)開(kāi)始提供給他們的顧客購(gòu)物車(chē)了。本選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提 及兩個(gè)案例。(C) 有一些潛在的顧客案例。被Jerrod所提供購(gòu)物車(chē)所吸引。本選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及兩個(gè)(D) 引入購(gòu)物車(chē)的商場(chǎng)經(jīng)常需要雇人去把在停車(chē)場(chǎng)的購(gòu)物車(chē)回收回來(lái)。本選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及兩個(gè)案例。(E) Correct. 有購(gòu)物車(chē)的顧客會(huì)比沒(méi)有購(gòu)物車(chē)的顧客買(mǎi)的東西。本選項(xiàng)提出12略利潤(rùn)情況略利潤(rùn)情況ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）了兩個(gè)案例的不同點(diǎn)，即，擁有購(gòu)物車(chē)之后，大家買(mǎi)的東西了。13ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 1

37、25 題）77. Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?Twenty percent of the stores in Morganville's downtown shopping district willfail within five years because they will be competing directly with the SaveMart discount department store newly opened in East Morganville.The

38、 downtown shopping district has lost business at this rate before and has always completely rebounded.Confidence that it will rebound again from the losses it is now about to suffer is ill founded, however, because.(A) the stores likely to be put out of business by direct competition fromSaveMart ar

39、e the downtown shopping district's anchor stores, on whose ability to draw shoppers many of the other downtown stores depend(B) the bus line that has long connected the downtown area of Morganville with East Morganville has a tradition of carrying shoppers who reside in East Morganville into dow

40、ntown Morganville to shop(C) when the downtown shopping district has rebounded before, the business premises of a failed business were typically taken over by a business of the same kind as had been there before(D) SaveMart's business plan for the East Morganville store is based on earning low p

41、rofits, if any, during the first five years of the store's existence(E) it is conceivable that the downtown shopping district could shrink substantially without collapsing altogether情景：由于直接和 SaveMart 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，有 20%的商場(chǎng)要了。從前，若是有 20%回彈了。的商場(chǎng)，則總是會(huì)很快回彈。但是，這次應(yīng)該推理：本題屬于“A, however, 非 B”這種形式，正常的前提和結(jié)論為：前提：從前，若是有

42、20%的商場(chǎng)，則總是會(huì)很快回彈結(jié)論：現(xiàn)在直接和SaveMart競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，20%的商場(chǎng)也會(huì)回彈。由于結(jié)論明顯重復(fù)了前提，所以本題為類(lèi)比推理，推理結(jié)構(gòu)為：從前（無(wú) SM）現(xiàn)在（有 SM）類(lèi)比推理一共具有兩個(gè)評(píng)估方向，要么提到“從前（無(wú) SM）”或者“現(xiàn)在（有SM）”，要么給出與這兩個(gè)案例相平行等價(jià)的案例 C。選項(xiàng)分析：(A) Correct. 由于直接和SaveMart競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而被淘汰掉的商場(chǎng)是端位商場(chǎng)（大型商業(yè)，如百貨商場(chǎng)或超級(jí)市場(chǎng)，座落在商業(yè)街的突出位置，通常是一端。端 位商場(chǎng)需起吸引顧客的作用，使他們能夠光顧商業(yè)街的其它商店）。本選項(xiàng)14略回彈略回彈ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（

43、73 題 125 題）給出了“現(xiàn)在（有SM）”和“從前（無(wú)SM）”的不同點(diǎn)，即，現(xiàn)在淘汰的位商場(chǎng)，從前不位商場(chǎng)。(B) 連接Morganville東部和市中心的公共汽車(chē)會(huì)把東部的人載到市中心來(lái)購(gòu)物。本選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到兩個(gè)案例。(C) 過(guò)去回彈的時(shí)候，替代的商場(chǎng)的以前商場(chǎng)商業(yè)模式一樣的商場(chǎng)。本選項(xiàng)談及的是回彈時(shí)期替代商場(chǎng)的情況，而題目中兩個(gè)案例討論的是過(guò)程之中情況。(D) SaveMart的在生存期的前五年的商業(yè)模式是薄利型。本選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及兩個(gè)案例的不同點(diǎn)。(E) 可以預(yù)見(jiàn)的是市中心的商場(chǎng)將會(huì)縮小而不是一起。本選項(xiàng)討論的是商場(chǎng)的模式，而不是兩個(gè)案例的不同點(diǎn)。15ChaseDream PREP2008

44、 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）78. To improve the long-term savings rate of the citizens of Levaska, the country'slegislature decided to implement a plan that allows investors to save up to$1,000 per year in special accounts without paying taxes on the interest earned unless withdrawals are made before the in

45、vestor reaches age sixty-five.Withdrawals from these accounts prior to age sixty-five would result in the investor's having to pay taxes on all the accumulated interest at the time of withdrawal.Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that thelegislature's plan

46、 will have its intended effect?(A) The money saved in the tax-free savings accounts will be deposited primarilyin those banks and financial institutions that supported the legislation instituting the plan.(B) The majority of people choosing to take advantage of the tax-free savings accounts will wit

47、hdraw their money prior to age sixty-five.(C) A significant number of the citizens of Levaska will invest in the tax-free savings accounts well before they reach the age of sixty-five.(D) During the ten years prior to implementation of the plan, Levaskans deposited an increasingly smaller percentage

48、 of their annual income in long-term savings accounts.(E) People who are not citizens of Levaska are not eligible to invest in the tax-free savings accounts, even if their income is taxable in Levaska.進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期存款，Levaska情景：決定弄出一個(gè)特殊賬戶(hù)。這個(gè)賬戶(hù)對(duì)長(zhǎng)期存款具有一系列福利措施。推理：本題直接讓我們?cè)u(píng)估方案的好壞，因此肯定是方案推理。推理結(jié)構(gòu)為：目標(biāo)：To improve the

49、long-term savings rate of its citizens方案：Introduce special savings accounts選項(xiàng)一定和方案的內(nèi)容相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)分析：(A) 存在特殊賬戶(hù)中的錢(qián)會(huì)存在那些支持這種賬戶(hù)的公司。無(wú)論在哪里，只要有這么一個(gè)賬戶(hù)，且能吸引人來(lái)存款，就向。影響方案三個(gè)方面的評(píng)估方(B) 大部分用特殊賬戶(hù)的人都會(huì)在65歲之前就取出錢(qián)了。本選項(xiàng)提到了方案，并且表示方案有可能并不能達(dá)成吸引“長(zhǎng)期”存款的目的，屬于CQ1：方案可行性問(wèn)題。但是，題目問(wèn)的是加強(qiáng)，所以本選項(xiàng)不能成為。(C) Correct. 很多人會(huì)在距離65歲比較遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始向此賬戶(hù)中存錢(qián)。如

50、果很多人都在快65歲的時(shí)候才開(kāi)始向該賬戶(hù)中存錢(qián)，則方案顯然不能帶來(lái)長(zhǎng)期存款。所以本選項(xiàng)屬于排除了一個(gè)可能令方案不可行的問(wèn)題，屬于CQ1：方案可行性問(wèn)題。(D) 在這個(gè)方案實(shí)施的十年前，很少有Levaska的人會(huì)進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期存款活動(dòng)。本選項(xiàng) 沒(méi)有提到現(xiàn)在的方案，內(nèi)容說(shuō)的是方案實(shí)施前的Levaska的情況，不能評(píng)估方16ChaseDream PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）案推理。(E) 非Levaska的公民沒(méi)有資格把在特殊賬戶(hù)中，就算他們的收入在Levaska是上稅的。無(wú)論外人有沒(méi)有資格存錢(qián)，只要能提升總體的長(zhǎng)期存款就可以， 所以本選項(xiàng)不能評(píng)估此方案推理。17ChaseDream

51、 PREP2008 邏輯筆記（73 題 125 題）79. In Europe, many large animal species, such as mammoths, became extinct soonafter humans first migrated to the animals' areas of habitation.The spread ofsuch extinctions closely followed the pattern of human migration.However,since humans tended to migrate to areas a

52、s the climate in those areas began towarm, the extinctions might have been precipitated by the climatic warming rather than by human migration.Which of the following, if true, provides the best evidence that it was humanmigration and not climatic change that precipitated the extinctions?(A) Many ani

53、mal species, such as deer and bison, continued to thrive in Europeeven after humans migrated there.(B) Several periods of marked climatic warming have occurred in Europe, during which many large animal species that lived there became extinct.(C) Many animal species that became extinct in Europe surv

54、ived longer in areas that were isolated from human populations but that experienced intense climatic warming.(D) In some areas of Europe, only a few archaeological sites have yielded evidence that shows an overlap between the arrival of humans and the extinction of large animals.(E) Some large anima

55、ls had become extinct in Europe even before humans migrated there.情景：在人類(lèi)到來(lái)以后，猛犸象就了。但是，因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)是隨著氣候而遷徙的，所以可能是由于氣候變暖而不是人類(lèi)。推理：人類(lèi)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間和大型動(dòng)物的時(shí)間應(yīng)該是巧合的，所以，一般地，我們會(huì)得出“人類(lèi)導(dǎo)致大型動(dòng)物”這個(gè)結(jié)論。從“however”之后，文章其實(shí)提出了一個(gè)“CQ4：第三因素問(wèn)題（氣候）”，削弱了“人類(lèi)導(dǎo)致大型動(dòng)物”這個(gè)結(jié)章的結(jié)論是“氣候變化導(dǎo)致的動(dòng)物”，根據(jù)問(wèn)題，我們知道，其實(shí)這個(gè)題目是要我們削弱這個(gè)結(jié)論。由于“人類(lèi)導(dǎo)致大型動(dòng)物”和“氣候變化導(dǎo)致的動(dòng)物”兩者幾乎互斥，所以只要削弱原文結(jié)論就可以自動(dòng)加強(qiáng)“人類(lèi)導(dǎo)致大型動(dòng)物”。本題可以看作相關(guān)因果推理。選項(xiàng)分析：(A) 很多物種，比如野牛和鹿，在人類(lèi)到來(lái)之后，依然在歐洲生存。推理文段描 述的是猛犸象的情況，而本選項(xiàng)描述的是其它動(dòng)物，因此可以排除。(B) 有些氣候變暖的情況在歐洲發(fā)生了，在這些時(shí)間段內(nèi)恰好是大型動(dòng)物開(kāi)始滅絕了。本選項(xiàng)可以加強(qiáng)“氣候變化導(dǎo)致的動(dòng)物”，屬于CQ1：相關(guān)性存在問(wèn)題。但是問(wèn)題中需要我們加強(qiáng)的是“人類(lèi)導(dǎo)致大型動(dòng)物”，或者說(shuō)。削弱“氣候變化導(dǎo)致的動(dòng)物”。所以本選項(xiàng)說(shuō)反了，并不是