短文改錯口訣

1、短文改錯攻略與集訓(xùn)短文改錯口訣：動詞形，名詞數(shù)，注意是形還是副；非謂動詞細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記??；句子成分多分析，邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注。一 動詞形主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. isNow my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述兩例分別屬于時態(tài)錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時間，保持時間概念

2、的一致性。二 名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. subjects三 區(qū)分形和副及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。 這也是高考短文改錯的?？键c(diǎn)。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，

3、修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。四 非為動詞細(xì)辨別這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤，也包括不定式類錯誤。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interestedPlay football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also playingMy parents love me and will do all they can m

4、ake sure to上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動態(tài)和進(jìn)行時的含義，而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時的含義，不定式有將來時態(tài)的含義。五 習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考的常考點(diǎn)，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。 例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and ofWe must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. of六 句子成分多分析不同的句子

5、成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。例如：They eager to know everything about China and wereI live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯誤；第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。七 邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤，常是

6、這類錯誤的考查對象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. everyone 上述第一例中的主語是Smiths（史密斯夫婦倆），因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說“再告訴

7、你一些事”？第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了；晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。除了上述錯誤類型外，?？嫉腻e誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤（可以歸類為邏輯錯誤），以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn) 常見動詞錯誤類型有 一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用；     and 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致; 主謂不一致;            

8、;           缺少動詞,特別是be動詞; 第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;             主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改為do 錯誤類型屬于 ）2） As we clim

9、bed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.       (visiting 改為 visited錯誤類型屬于)3） There will an important game next month.(will后加be錯誤類型屬于)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( 主謂不一致)2. 名詞的常見錯誤   單復(fù)數(shù)

10、名詞錯用；注意區(qū)分名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)；或根據(jù)名詞前的修飾語或謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來判斷。   Ill get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改為subjects） Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改為words）   Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges改為knowledge）3. 連詞錯誤   連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/

11、 or/but等（一般考查從句關(guān)系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ） I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (錯用了who的所有格形式改為whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為 and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. When I was a child, rain was a m

12、ystery. In one class, I learned it rained.4. 冠詞錯誤   誤用a和an（根據(jù)單詞的因素來判定）；誤用a 和the（固定搭配，各自單獨(dú)使用的地方）   多余的冠詞或則少冠詞。 We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the the same 是固定搭配) As everyone knows, its    famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain是

13、可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以加 a ） My teacher advised me to keep my dairy. I hope you have pleasant journey.5. 形容詞和副詞錯誤1) 系動詞后用形容詞（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞 smell /feel）2) 詞性的誤用   形容詞修飾名詞   修飾 實(shí)義動詞，形容詞和副詞，過去分詞用副詞 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.（time是名詞 所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾

14、） My pronunciation was terribly.6. 代詞錯誤   1）代詞的主格和賓格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ）2）反身代詞（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)4）多余的代詞和少代詞 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express

15、oneself, me 改為 myself ) One day I wrote a little story and showed    to my teacher. (加it) If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. Whats more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.7. 非謂語動詞的常見錯誤1）不定式，動名詞作主語，賓

16、語。2）and 連接的不定式或動名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時），3）介詞后用動名詞ving形式作賓語。4）某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. (enjoy 后需接動名詞 talk-talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主語 改為 going ) Children may not develop the habit of read and the abili

17、ty to enjoy themselves. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.8. 介詞錯誤1）詞組中的介詞誤用，2）介詞意思理解偏差，3）介詞的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family.（among 改為in in my family 為固定搭配） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉