浙江省湖州市人教版高三英語教師輔導(dǎo)講義【非謂語動詞-】

1、學(xué)員編號：學(xué)員姓名：年 級：高三輔導(dǎo)科目：英語課 時 數(shù)：3學(xué)科教師:授課類型C（非謂語動詞作狀語，定語和補語）C(非謂語動詞作主語、賓語、表語)C(易混點解析)授課日期及時段一、引入考情介紹：介紹近幾年考點的分布及數(shù)量二、專題講解熱點考向 1 非謂語動詞作狀語1. 主要考點：（1）不定式作狀語。不定式作狀語通常表示：(a)原因 (多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后)；(b)目的 (可用so as to/in order to替換，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(c)結(jié)果(常表意想不到的結(jié)果，常為only to do)。We were very excited to hear t

2、he news. (原因)To get there on time I got up very early. (目的)He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there. (結(jié)果) （2）分詞作狀語。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知該做什么，他去找他父母幫忙。過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。Given more attention,

3、 the trees could have grown better. 如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會長得更好。部分過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表示被動關(guān)系，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：seated（坐著的）、hidden（躲著）、stationed（駐扎）、lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿著）、tired of（厭煩了）等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因為沉溺于思考中，他沒有聽到那個聲音。2. 突破技巧：（1）把握

4、前后主語一致性，區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞；（2）不定式作結(jié)果狀語為意想不到的結(jié)果；分詞作結(jié)果狀語為順理成章的結(jié)果?！菊骖}變式】用動詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子（全國卷）Tony lent me the money, _（hope） that Id do as much for him. 托尼把錢借給我，希望我也會為他做同樣多的事情。 熱點考向 2 非謂語動詞作定語1. 主要考點：不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作定語以及區(qū)別。2. 突破技巧：（1）把握不定式表示未來，動名詞作定語表示用途，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動和進行，過去分詞表示被動和完成；（2）注意不定式to be done形式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞bei

5、ng done形式作定語的區(qū)別?！菊骖}變式】翻譯下面句子（2012·江西高考）John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it. _熱點考向 3 非謂語動詞作補語1. 主要考點：常見的需接非謂語動詞作補語的結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）“5看2聽1感覺”的感官動詞“5看”包括see，watch，observe，notice，look at“2聽”包括hear，listen to“1感覺”包括feel（2）make，have，get等使役動詞后（3）特殊動詞、詞組、句型：leave，c

6、atch，keep，findadvise/allow/ask等動詞+sb. to do sth. Sb. +be said to do sth. 中的不定式作補語。2. 突破技巧：（1）注意作補語的三種形式（to） do/doing/done形式之間的區(qū)別。把握動作的主動、進行和被動；（2）注意賓語補足語與主語補足語的區(qū)別；（3）把握補語一般由不定式表示未來（不用to的不定式表示動作全過程）；現(xiàn)在分詞表示進行、過去分詞表示被動、完成?！菊骖}變式】用動詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子（四川高考）I looked up and noticed a snake _ （wind）its way up the tr

7、ee to catch its breakfast. 三、專題練習(xí)1. （安徽高考）_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To found B. FoundingC. Founded D. Having founded2. （北京高考）_ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. FindingC. To find D. Found3. （湖南高考）The

8、 sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathingC. to have bathed D. having bathed4. （湖南高考）_ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. StayedC. To stay D. Stay5. （北京高考）Volunteering gives you

9、a chance _ lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change6. （江蘇高考）Lionel Messi, _ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. settingC. to set D. having set7. （遼寧高考）Laura was away in Paris for over a

10、 week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ for her. A. waited B. to waitC. waiting D. was waiting8. （新課標全國卷）They might just have a place _ on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave9. （山東高考）The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in the corn

11、er. A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood10. （北京高考）When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked11. （陜西高考）Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understandC. understanding D. understo

12、od12. （江蘇高考）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reducedC. being reduced D. having reduced16. （寧波模擬）Most of us manage our physical health better than our emotional health, _ problems to cause real harm. A. left B. leavingC. to

13、leave D. having left17. Brendan hurriedly got to the airport, only _ the plane had taken off. A. to find B. to findingC. to be finding D. to have found18._ the good results of the exam, he jumped with joy, _ with a smile on his face. A. Heard; satisfied B. On hearing; satisfyingC. Hearing; satisfied

14、 D. Hearing; being satisfied19. （杭州模擬）The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completedC. completed D. being completed20. This is the first time that Apple has changed the size of the iPhones display, _ 4 inches since the origi

15、nal one was released in 2007. A. measured B. measures C. measure D. measuring21. （寧波模擬）In the reading room, we found him _ at a desk, with his attention _ on a bookA. sitting; fixing B. to sit; fixed C. seating; fixing D. seated; fixed22. （溫州模擬）Our director is out. Ill have her _ you on the matter w

16、hen shes back. A. to contact B. contactingC. contact D. contacted四、小結(jié)一、復(fù)習(xí)回顧二、專題講解熱點考向 4 非謂語動詞作賓語1. 主要考點：（1）只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：碰巧希望作決定（happen, hope/wish, decide）；準備同意和答應(yīng)（prepare, agree, promise）；假裝沒能安排好（pretend, fail, arrange/plan)；學(xué)會拒絕難提供(learn, refuse, offer)；決心設(shè)法想得分(determine, manage, intend/expect

17、/want)；一往無前任我行。（2）只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有否認錯過避逃亡(deny, miss, avoid, escape)；承認推遲被禁止(admit, delay, forbid)；考慮建議準完成(consider, suggest, finish)；介意冒險亂想象 (mind, risk, imagine)；答應(yīng)繼續(xù)去訓(xùn)練(allow/permit, keep, practise)；設(shè)想原諒得欣賞(fancy, excuse/pardon, enjoy/appreciate)。（3）特殊動詞及短語跟不定式與動名詞作賓語的不同動詞接動名詞作賓語接不定式作賓語remember記

18、得曾做過某事記得要做某事forget忘記曾做過某事忘記要做某事try嘗試做某事努力做某事regret對做過的事表示后悔對要做的事表示遺憾mean意味著做某事企圖(打算)做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事go on繼續(xù)做未完成的事做完一件事后, 接著做另一件事stop中斷正在做的事中斷正在做的事, 去做別的事（4）動詞allow，advise，permit，forbid后面不出現(xiàn)賓語時直接跟動名詞作賓語I allowed going to the park. 我準許去公園。（沒有明確賓語）（5）動詞need，want，require主語為物時后跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動意思，相當(dāng)

19、于不定式的被動形式，在句子中均為賓語The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 窗子需要擦了。（意思為被動）2. 突破技巧：（1）牢記口訣，記熟用法；（2）把握特殊詞【真題變式】用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（2012·安徽高考）I remembered _（lock）the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 熱點考向 5 非謂語動詞作主語、表語及獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1. 主要考點：（1）動名詞與不定式作主語： 動名詞表示泛指、抽象、反復(fù)、習(xí)慣；不定式表示具體、一次、

20、打算、未做的動作。Its no use crying over spilt milk. （規(guī)律性）覆水難收。To go swimming this night is my opinion. （具體、未做）我的建議是今天晚上去游泳。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、動名詞作表語： 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主語的特征，意思“令人”，一般是物作主語；過去分詞作表語說明主語的心理狀態(tài)，主語是承受者，表示的是被動。動名詞、不定式作表語與作主語是一樣的，可以表語、主語互換。Teaching is my job. =My job is teaching. （3）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞和不定式如果分詞作狀語的邏輯主

21、語不是句子的主語，要在分詞前面加上它自己的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語從句或定語從句；有時也用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（with+賓語+賓語補足語）作狀語。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 女孩兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。 The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。 He is going to

22、make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。 2. 突破技巧：（1）分析句子的主謂語是否一致，如果不一致就可以用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；（2）弄清獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語與后面補語的關(guān)系，然后用相應(yīng)的形式，尤其是不定式和分詞形式?！菊骖}變式】用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 （陜西高考）If he takes on this work, he will have nochoice but _（meet）an even greater challenge. The party will be held in the garden, weather

23、 permitting. 【參考答案】The party will be held in the garden, weather _. A. permitting B. permitsC. permitted D. to permit三、專題練習(xí)1. （福建高考）_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known2. （浙江高考）_ how others react to the book you

24、 have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. HearC. Having heard D. To be hearing3. （重慶高考）The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have goneC. going D. having gone4. （杭州模擬） I can hardly imagine the difficulty she had _ enough evidence to prove that she

25、was innocent. A. collected B. to collect C. to have collected D. collecting5. Global warming has led to many rivers and lakes _ these years. A. drying off B. drying up C. to dry off D. to dry up6._ merely on what the average is, and youll remain average. A. Focusing B. Focused C. Focus yourself D. I

26、f you are focused 四、小結(jié)一、復(fù)習(xí)回顧二、專題精講易錯點 1 誤用邏輯主語（母題）To rescue the villagers in Yaan in time, _ for them. A. the army brought a lot of food B. a lot of food was brought C. the villagers got a lot of food D. the villagers brought a lot of food（變式）The army brought a lot of food for them, _ the villagers

27、in Yaan in time. A. rescuing B. to rescueC. rescued D. being rescued【誤區(qū)點撥】把握前后主語的邏輯關(guān)系，防止前后主語不搭配，動作發(fā)出者有矛盾的現(xiàn)象。 易錯點 2 誤用分詞被動形式（母題）Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. realizing B. realizedC. to realize D. being realized（

28、變式）_ from his parents, and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. Being pressed B. PressingC. To press D. Pressed【誤區(qū)點撥】正確分析主謂關(guān)系；辨析過去分詞表示“被動、完成”；現(xiàn)在分詞的進行時表示“主動、進行”的區(qū)別。三、專題練習(xí)1. (浙江高考)“It s such a nice place, ”Mother said as she sat at the table

29、for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reservedC. reserving D. reserved2. (北京高考)When we saw the roadwith snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to blockC. blocking D. blocked3. (四川高考)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car. A. washed B. washC. washing D

30、. to wash4. (湖南高考)Time, correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use5. (北京高考)with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use6. (遼寧高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dogthem. A. to follow B. followingC. follo

31、wed D. follows7. (蘭州模擬)Fireworks, of gun powder or flash powderin a tight paper tube, make the big flash or boom effect. A. consisting; wrappingB. consisting; wrappedC. consisted; wrappedD. being consisted; wrapped8. (兗州模擬)How about the partyat Mary s house? Wonderful! Everyone had a good time. A. h

32、olding B. to holdC. being held D. held9. (湖州模擬)Studies show that studentsto too much pressure tend to develop mental problems. A. exposing B. being exposedC. to expose D. exposed10. (上饒模擬)I wish that the elderly would live in comfort without worry or health problems in the years. A. left B. leavingC

33、. to leave D. being left11. (成都模擬)Friends are like leaves, everywhere, but true friends are like diamonds, precious and rare. A. to find B. findingC. found D. being found12. (西安模擬)If you go to Xi an, you will find the places there more magnificent than commonly. A. supposing B. supposedC. to suppose

34、 D. suppose13. I don t think it sto the ceiling very securely. Don t worry. It won t. A. fixing; drop B. fixed; dropC. fixing; be dropped D. fixed; be dropped14. (杭州模擬)You may make more mistakes if your paper is left. Thanks a lot. And would you give me some advice on how to polish it? A. being unch

35、ecked B. to be uncheckedC. to check D. unchecked15. (天津模擬)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagueswith her stories. A. amused B. amusingC. to amuse D. to be amused16. (嘉興模擬)By the age of two, Heidi could count to 40, draw pictures of people, and read booksfor seven-year-olds.

36、 A. meaning B. meantC. being meant D. to mean17. (北京模擬)Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful whenon the Internet by millions of people. A. to read B. readingC. read D. being read18. (天津模擬)such a warm Sunday, my family decided to pay a visit to the seaside. A. It being B. BeingC. It been

37、 D. It was19. (石家莊模擬)Mary received an invitation to the Christmas party, but with her homework, she refused it unwillingly. A. unfinished B. unfinishingC. having unfinished D. was unfinished20. With big handbagsa key fashion accessory for working women, health experts are warning they can also becom

38、e a key health concern. A. become B. becameC. to become D. becoming21. too much for his intelligence, Harry often overlooks the importance of effort. A. Praised B. Having praisedC. Praising D. Being praised22. Experts say this explains why drugsto treat one form of breast cancer may not work to cure

39、 another form. A. to use B. usingC. used D. use23. more tourists, travel agencies from both China and the DPRK have developed a package of new products. A. Attracting B. AttractedC. To attract D. Having attracted四、小結(jié)課后作業(yè)1.how to hold the party for several days,the children finally reached an agreeme

40、nt.A.DiscussedB.DiscussingC.To discussD.Having discussed2.(海寧模擬)Leaning against the sofa in the living room,up at me,is a little brown girl,pretty in pink.A.looksB.lookingC.to lookD.looked3.Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients dont take medicine.A.like directedB.to be directedC.as direc

41、tedD.so that directed4.(溫州模擬)about their choice of major,most first-year college students feel much stressed.A.Having worriedB.WorriedC.WorryD.To worry5.(天津模擬)In college,Spring Break is usually associated with the beach,parties and sleepless nights,about relaxation and free time.A.bringB.broughtC.br

42、ingingD.to bring6.(上海模擬)The media center for the 18th CPC national congress launched its official websiteservice to both domestic and overseas press and readers.A.being offeredB.offeredC.having offeredD.to offer7.(原創(chuàng))Chinese writer Mo Yan,the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature,is making headline news i

43、n China.A.wonB.winningC.to winD.being won8.A special danceGangnam Style has raised a worldwide storm nowadays.A.callingB.being calledC.calledD.to be called9.(福州模擬)Every year,nearly 270 million pounds of grapes arrive in California,most of themfrom Chile to the Port of Los Angeles.A.are shippedB.is s

44、hippedC.shippingD.shipped10.Im calling to enquire about the positionin todays China Daily.A.advertisedB.to be advertisedC.having advertisedD.advertising11.(?？谀M)The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs notspecific qualifications.A.requiringB.to be requiredC.being requiredD.to have requ

45、ired12.(嘉興模擬)When a person is absent-minded,he is likely to miss key informationon to him.A.passingB.passedC.having passedD.been passed13.During the opening ceremony,“Miss smile”has won the hearts of Chinese Internet users after being caughtup the same smile for nearly 20 minutes.A.keptB.keepingC.to

46、 be keptD.to keep14.The guests left most of the dishes,because they did not taste delicious.A.untouchedB.to be untouchedC.being untouchedD.untouching15.(蘭州模擬)Hearing the 2012 London Olympic Games,all the people in the world burst into cheers.A.declared to be openedB.declaring to be openedC.declared

47、openD.declaring open16.(西安模擬)the room,the nurse found the tape recorder.A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.To have entered;being stolenD.Having entered;to be stolen17.I think we cant repair the damaged car in the small town.We are consideringto Beijing to have it repaired.A.to goB.goingC.to have go

48、neD.having gone18.(包頭模擬)Whats it that cost him the job?experience.He was always very nervous.A.LackedB.Being lackedC.LackingD.To be lacked19.With lots of trees and flowershere and there,our campus looks very beautiful.A.plantedB.are plantedC.to be plantedD.planting20.I wont drive my car at this time tomorrow.in a heavy traffic jam is really too bad.A.StuckB.Having stuckC.Being stuckD.To stick答案解析1.【解析】選D?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時間狀語。句意:幾天來討論了如何舉辦聚會,孩子們最后達成了協(xié)議。孩子們是“討論”動作的發(fā)出者并且在達成協(xié)議前完成。2.【解析】選B?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。句意:斜靠著起居室的沙發(fā),抬頭盯著我看的是一個棕色皮膚的小女孩,穿著粉紅色的衣服。此處looking up at.為leaning的伴隨狀語,整個句子