Unit1 Engine Mechanical 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽車英語(yǔ)課件

1、Chapter OneEngine許亞平2Unit 1 Engine Mechanical3 3ContentsPre-questionsImportant Words &PhrasesTasksThe Text ExplanationExercisesChassis 底盤Automobile Structure of An AutomobileEngine 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Body 車身Electrical Equipment 電氣設(shè)備5Pre-questionsEngine Whats the heart of an automobile?What does the engine consi

2、st of?7Important Words & Phrasescylinder block 汽缸體汽缸體 cylinder silind n.n. 汽汽缸缸 cylinder wall汽缸壁汽缸壁8Important Words & Phrasescylindercylinder head head 汽缸蓋汽缸蓋cylinder liner汽缸套汽缸套9Important Words &Phrases10Important Words & Phrases crankshaft曲軸曲軸crankshaft assembly 曲軸曲軸總成camshaft凸輪軸凸輪

3、軸1111Important Words &Phraseslubricate lu:brikeit vt. 潤(rùn)滑潤(rùn)滑,加潤(rùn)滑油加潤(rùn)滑油,注注(上上,涂涂)油油lubrication n. 潤(rùn)滑潤(rùn)滑lubricant n. 潤(rùn)滑劑潤(rùn)滑劑,潤(rùn)滑油潤(rùn)滑油,機(jī)油機(jī)油 coolant n.冷卻液冷卻液1212Important Words & Phrases valve guide 氣門座氣門座 valve seat 氣門調(diào)整墊片氣門調(diào)整墊片 valve oil seal 氣門桿氣門桿 valve stem 氣門傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)氣門傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) valve adjusting shim 氣門油封氣門

4、油封 valve drive mechanism 氣門導(dǎo)管氣門導(dǎo)管 valve n. 氣門；閥氣門；閥(門門)meknizm 13Important Words & Phrases exhaust n. 排氣，排氣裝置排氣，排氣裝置 intake n. 進(jìn)氣，吸氣進(jìn)氣，吸氣 manifold mnifuld n. 歧管歧管exhaust valve/stroke/manifold 排氣門排氣門/行程行程/歧管歧管intake valve/stroke/manifold 進(jìn)氣門進(jìn)氣門/行程行程/歧管歧管 14Task: Giving the Chinese Names crankcase

5、gasketcylinder headcylindercooling passagesoil pancylinder blockcylinder head cover機(jī)體組15Important Words &Phrases injector n.n. 噴油器噴油器inject v.v. 噴射，噴油，噴射，噴油， 注射，注入注射，注入injection n.n. indekt16Important Words & Phrases gasket n. 襯墊，墊圈襯墊，墊圈e.g. 進(jìn)氣歧管墊進(jìn)氣歧管墊 intake manifold gasket排氣歧管墊排氣歧管墊exhaust

6、 manifold gasket汽缸蓋墊汽缸蓋墊cylinder head gasket汽缸蓋罩墊汽缸蓋罩墊cylinder head cover gasketcylinder gasket:汽缸墊汽缸墊功用是保證氣缸蓋與氣缸功用是保證氣缸蓋與氣缸體接觸面的密封，防止漏氣，漏水和漏油。體接觸面的密封，防止漏氣，漏水和漏油。cylinder headcylinder head covergasketCylinder Head Cover & Cylinder GasketCylinder Head Cover & Cylinder Gasket18Important Words

7、& Phrases gear n 齒輪;傳動(dòng)裝置;擋位 timing gear 正時(shí)齒輪 gear ratio 傳動(dòng)比 first/second gear 一/二擋gear box 變速箱(器)19Important Words & Phrases piston 活塞活塞piston rings 活塞環(huán)活塞環(huán)compression ring 氣環(huán)氣環(huán)oil control ring 油環(huán)油環(huán) piston pin 活塞銷活塞銷20Important Words & Phrases pushrod 推桿推桿connecting rod連桿連桿21compression r

8、ingoil control ringpiston pinpistonconnecting rodconnecting rod boltconnecting rod bearingconnecting rod capTask: Giving the Chinese Names 活塞連桿組22Important Words & Phrases connecting rod bearing 連桿軸承連桿軸承23Important Words & Phrasesvalve stemcamshaftvalve clearanceklirns 24Important Words &

9、; Phrases valve lifter液力的，液壓的液力的，液壓的 hydraulic lifter氣門挺柱氣門挺柱液力液力(壓壓)挺柱挺柱挺柱挺柱卡環(huán)卡環(huán)閥架閥架支承支承座座單向單向閥閥柱塞柱塞彈簧彈簧碟形碟形彈簧彈簧挺桿挺桿體體柱塞柱塞推桿推桿haidr:lik 25Important Words & Phrases valve spring 氣門彈簧彈簧valve retainer 氣門座圈座圈ritein 26Important Words &Phrasesvalve springvalve springvalve spring retainervalve spr

10、ing retainerkeeperkeeper 鎖片鎖片27Important Words &Phrasesintake valve（bigger）exhaust valve（smaller） Why are the exhaust valves usually smaller than the intakes ones?28Task: Giving the Chinese Names camshaftcamshaftlifterlifterpushrodpushrodrocker armrocker armcamshaftcamshafttiming timing geargear

11、rocker arm shaftrocker arm shaft氣門傳動(dòng)組29Important Words & Phrases搖臂搖臂rocker arm3031l valve train l crank- connecting rodenginel coolingl lubricatingl startingl ignitionl fuel supplyTwo mechanisms:Five systems:32The Text Explanationu The engine block is the main supporting structure (to which all

12、other engine parts are attached).汽缸體汽缸體發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽缸體汽缸體是是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的主要支撐裝置，發(fā)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的主要支撐裝置，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的所有其它件都機(jī)的所有其它件都裝裝在氣缸體上。在氣缸體上。定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句33The Text Explanationattach to : fasten in position; fix or connect 固定，連接，附著固定，連接，附著e.g. He attached these parts to the machine.他把這些零件固定在機(jī)器上。34The Text ExplanationuThe crankcase sect

13、ion is used to house the crankshaft ,oil pan. 曲軸箱曲軸箱用于安裝用于安裝曲軸曲軸，機(jī)油盤機(jī)油盤。曲軸箱曲軸箱機(jī)油盤機(jī)油盤35The Text Explanationhouse v.: provide with a place to live 給給房子住，給房子住，給提供住房提供住房e.g. This new building will house the training center. 實(shí)訓(xùn)中心將設(shè)在這幢新樓里。36The Text ExplanationuThey allow coolant to circulate throughout t

14、he cylinder area to keep the engine cool.它們可以使它們可以使冷卻液冷卻液在氣缸周圍循環(huán)流動(dòng)以在氣缸周圍循環(huán)流動(dòng)以冷卻發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。冷卻發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。冷卻液冷卻液氣缸氣缸37The Text Explanationallowto: to let sb. do sth., permit 允許，允許， 容許，準(zhǔn)許容許，準(zhǔn)許e.g. We are not allowed to stay out after 10 oclock. (學(xué)校)不允許我們?cè)?0點(diǎn)以 后待在外面。38Task: Giving the Chinese Names crankcasegasketcyli

15、nder headcylindercooling passagesoil pancylinder blockcylinder head cover機(jī)體組39The Text Explanationu The purpose of using a liner is that , if the cylinder is damaged, the liner can be removed and replaced rather easily.的目的的目的(作用作用)是是使用汽缸套使用汽缸套目的目的是在氣缸損壞是在氣缸損壞時(shí)時(shí)缸套缸套可以很容易地拆卸和更可以很容易地拆卸和更換。換。汽缸套汽缸套40The

16、 Text Explanation the purpose of (doing) sth. is to do that-clause的目的（作用）是的目的（作用）是e.g. The purpose of conducting a business is to make money.做生意的目的是賺錢。41The Text Explanation replace v. l take the place of 代替，取代代替，取代 e.g. Can anything replace a mothers love?42地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)The Text Explanationu seals must be u

17、sed bottom of the wet sleeve in order to keep the coolant from leaking out of the cooling system.目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)為了為了防止冷卻系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的冷卻液泄露，在濕防止冷卻系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的冷卻液泄露，在濕式缸套的上端和下端均裝有水封。式缸套的上端和下端均裝有水封。The Text Explanationkeep oneself (sb.) from sth/doing sth. 使自己使自己(某人某人)不能做某事不能做某事 Ill call the roll every week in order to keep y

18、ou from being absent from the class.e.g. 為了使大家不曠課，我每周都會(huì)點(diǎn)名。44The Text ExplanationuAfter the cylinder head has been cast, some areas must be machined so that intake and exhaust manifolds can be attached, valves can be seated, spark plugs and injectors can be installed, and a good seal can be provided

19、to the block.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)氣缸蓋氣缸蓋噴油器噴油器進(jìn)排氣歧管進(jìn)排氣歧管火花塞火花塞目目的的狀狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)鑄造鑄造45The Text Explanation machine v.用機(jī)器制造，加工用機(jī)器制造，加工 n. 機(jī)器 e.g. He machined these parts of the machine. 他用機(jī)器加工這些機(jī)器零件。attach, seat, install 這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞在句子中 的含義基本相同，都做“安裝安裝”講。46The Text ExplanationTranslation: 氣缸蓋被氣缸蓋被鑄造鑄造以后，其上以后，其上的某些部位必須被的某些部位必須被加工

20、加工以以安裝安裝進(jìn)排氣歧進(jìn)排氣歧管、氣門、火花塞及噴油器，并可使氣管、氣門、火花塞及噴油器，并可使氣缸可靠密封。缸可靠密封。47The Text ExplanationuThe piston and connecting rod assembly transmits the power from combustion to the crankshaft. 活塞連桿總成活塞連桿總成燃燒燃燒transmit (fromto): to send or pass from one to another 傳送，傳遞傳送，傳遞48The Text Explanatione.g. The optimism

21、soon transmitted itself to all the members of the crowd. 這種樂觀情緒很快感染了人群 中所有的人。ptimizm It mainly consists of piston, compression rings, oil control rings, piston pin connecting rod.氣環(huán)氣環(huán)油環(huán)油環(huán)50The Text Explanatione.g. 水由氫和氧組成. is composed of Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen. consists ofconsist of

22、be made up ofbe composed of由由組成組成51The Text ExplanationTranslation: 活塞和連桿總成將燃料活塞和連桿總成將燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力傳遞給曲軸。如圖燃燒產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力傳遞給曲軸。如圖1-1-3所示，活塞和連桿總成主要包括所示，活塞和連桿總成主要包括活塞、氣環(huán)、油環(huán)、活塞、氣環(huán)、油環(huán)、活塞銷和連桿。活塞銷和連桿。52Revision:Translating the following phrases氣門桿氣門桿凸輪軸凸輪軸氣門間隙氣門間隙valve clearancecamshaftvalve stem53Revision:Translati

23、ng the following phrases氣門彈簧氣門彈簧氣門彈簧座圈氣門彈簧座圈鎖片鎖片valve spring retainerkeepervalve spring 54氣環(huán)氣環(huán)油環(huán)油環(huán)活塞銷活塞銷活塞活塞連桿連桿連桿連桿螺栓螺栓連桿連桿軸承軸承連桿蓋連桿蓋Revision:Translating the following phrases活塞連桿組compression ringoil control ringpistonpiston pinconnecting rodconnecting rod boltconnecting rod bearingconnecting rod c

24、ap55Revision:Translating the following phrases凸輪軸凸輪軸挺柱挺柱推桿推桿搖臂搖臂凸輪軸正凸輪軸正時(shí)齒輪時(shí)齒輪搖臂軸搖臂軸氣門傳動(dòng)組camshaftcamshaft timing gearrocker armrocker arm shaftpushrodlifteruIt is used to connect piston to crankshaft and change the reciprocating motion to the rotary motion.The Text Explanation旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)把把與與連接連接往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)往復(fù)運(yùn)

25、動(dòng)Translation: (連桿連桿)用于用于連接連接活塞活塞和曲軸并將活塞的和曲軸并將活塞的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檗D(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榍S的曲軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。risiprkeit rutri 57The Text ExplanationuThe exhaust valves are usually smaller in diameter than the intake ones, because on the exhaust stroke the gases move more easily for the pressure of the piston forcing them out.排氣門排氣

26、門直徑直徑排氣行程排氣行程during在在時(shí)候時(shí)候intake valve（bigger）exhaust valve（smaller）Translation: 通常，排氣門的直徑小于進(jìn)氣門的直通常，排氣門的直徑小于進(jìn)氣門的直徑，這樣便于排氣行程中，在活塞壓力的作用下廢徑，這樣便于排氣行程中，在活塞壓力的作用下廢氣更容易排出。氣更容易排出。uThey are pressed into the cylinder head and ground to the correct angle.The Text Explanation將將壓入壓入l grind (ground, ground) v. 磨(碎

27、);碾(碎);磨成 e.g. The flour was ground from wheat . graind graund Translation: 它被它被壓裝壓裝到汽缸蓋內(nèi)并到汽缸蓋內(nèi)并研磨研磨成特成特定的角度。定的角度。61Exercises: Answering the questions1. Whats the purpose of using a cylinder liner?The purpose of using a liner is that, if the cylinder is damaged, the liner can be removed and replaced

28、 rather easily.62Exercises: Answering the questions2. What components does the piston and connecting rod assembly consist of?It consists of piston, compression rings, oil control rings, piston pin and connecting rod.63Exercises: Answering the questions3. What components does crankshaft assembly cons

29、ist of?It includes the crankshaft, bearing, flywheel, harmonic balancer, timing gear, and front and rear seals.64Exercises: Answering the questions4. How does the piston reciprocating motion change to the crankshaft rotary motion?Connecting rod is used to connect piston to crankshaft and change the

30、reciprocating motion to the rotary motion.65Exercises: Answering the questions5. Whats the function of the valve drive mechanism?Its used to transfer the camshaft lift to the valve assembly.66Exercises: Answering the questions6. How does the rotary motion of the camshaft change to reciprocating moti

31、on?Lifters change the rotary motion of the camshaft to reciprocating motion to open and close the valve.67Exercises: Translating the following into English1.曲軸主軸頸2. 缸蓋螺栓3. 活塞環(huán)4. 連桿軸頸crankshaft (main) journalcylinder head boltpiston ringconnecting-rod journal68Exercises: Translating the following int

32、o English7. 搖臂軸8. 液力挺柱6. 連桿螺栓5. 汽缸蓋墊cylinder head gasketconnecting-rod boltrocker arm shafthydraulic lifter69Exercises: Translating the sentences into Chinese The problem can often be associated with a crack in the cylinder head or possible warp of the cylinder head. A crack in the block may also ca

33、use coolant to the combustion chamber and cause white exhaust smoke.與有關(guān)裂縫裂縫汽缸蓋汽缸蓋燃燒室燃燒室彎曲彎曲汽缸體汽缸體70Exercises: Translating the following into English Translation: 該故障通常由缸蓋內(nèi)的該故障通常由缸蓋內(nèi)的裂縫或缸蓋變形而引起。缸體內(nèi)的裂縫裂縫或缸蓋變形而引起。缸體內(nèi)的裂縫也可能使冷卻液滲入燃燒室，從而導(dǎo)致也可能使冷卻液滲入燃燒室，從而導(dǎo)致冒白煙。冒白煙。71Exercises: Translating the following int

34、o English2. When installing an exchange cylinder head (with camshaft installed), the contact surfaces between the hydraulic lifters and the cam must be oiled before installing the cylinder head cover.接觸面時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句72Exercises: Translating the following into EnglishTranslation: 當(dāng)更換缸蓋當(dāng)更換缸蓋(已安裝凸輪軸已安裝凸輪軸

35、)時(shí)，液力挺柱與凸輪之間的接觸面要先上時(shí)，液力挺柱與凸輪之間的接觸面要先上機(jī)油，再安裝汽缸蓋罩。機(jī)油，再安裝汽缸蓋罩。73in addition to 除除之外之外Exercises: Translating the following into English3. Metal shavings or large quantities of small metal particles found in the engine oil during repairs can be caused. If such particles are found, apart from thoroughly c

36、leaning the oil passages, it is necessary to replace the oil cooler.屑片屑片大量的大量的顆粒顆粒,微粒微粒徹底地徹底地機(jī)油冷卻器機(jī)油冷卻器74Exercises: Translating the following into EnglishTranslation: 維修過程中會(huì)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油維修過程中會(huì)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油里有金屬屑或大量細(xì)小的金屬微粒。如果有里有金屬屑或大量細(xì)小的金屬微粒。如果有金屬顆粒，除了徹底清潔油道，還有必要金屬顆粒，除了徹底清潔油道，還有必要更換機(jī)油冷卻器。更換機(jī)油冷卻器。75Exercises: Translating the followi