寫作精講講義真題演練

1、通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰通用考博寫作講義演練講義主講人：辰歡迎使用講義并非授課的逐字稿，難免有錯漏，不符，請以課程講解為主，有任何疑問可以到知識堂進行提問1通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰第三部分：1）課程思路演練和講解ll先宏觀、再微觀先模板、在變化2）題目及其變型話題一：誠信話題lll剽竊（）食品安全（財科所）（）3）經(jīng)典范文講解Directions:Write a composition of no less than 200 words based on the following instruction.In the past few years, several plagiar

2、ism（，剽竊）cases have been exposed inChina; some involve professors and famous scholars while some others involve graduatestudents who are working as researchers. Please write a composition of no less than 200 words on your attitude towards plagiarism. You may also illustrate your opinion on academic i

3、ntegrity （正直）and give suggestions on how to preserve it in the academic world.范文：Nowadays, a discussion is being held in t media (in the academic circle/educational commueral public and in the mainstream). Why there are many plagiarismcases.*（* 注意此處應為問號） Many people around me, including my friends,

4、classmatesand colleagues, vary in their views in this issue, If some of them ask me for my opinion, Iwill maintain that honesty and credibility play leading roles in academic research. Andthe potential harm of plagiarism cannot be ignored in the educational commucan be seen in the following paragrap

5、hs., asI'd like to express my view in three aspects. First and foremost, nothing is moreimportant than academic integrity in scientific studies. However, it is disturbing to find that some people seldom develop this awareness. Secondly, numerous examples can be given in our society to illustrate

6、 the negative influence of plagiarism. For instance, those so-called scholars care nothing but immediate benefits and quick success. But what they lack is occupational self-discipline (a more responsible attitude/work ethics). In this way, the latest discoveries in a scientific field (realm) are oft

7、en in danger of being plagiarized. Third and last, another element deserves due attention, apart from the above-mentioned facts. Under a slack supervision system, it is difficult for the school management to take measures against the plagiarizing activities. If this situation continues, those leadin

8、g researchers' intellectual property will probably be infringed. Worse still, creative thinking and explorative awareness will gradually vanish from the2通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰academic circle.To sum up, Id like to emphasize my point of view that is mentioned in the first paragraph. plagiarism threatens

9、to do more harm to academic research. This trend will probably develop, if few actions are taken to bring it under effective control. In my view， three elements are fundamental in this issue: an effective feedback mechanism, an efficient administration and a concrete plan. Meanwhile, it is essential

10、 that the media coverage focus on the central position of academic integrity. Otherwise, it is beyond the possibility to maintain credibility and honesty in a university. This statement might be traditional, but it is at least rational and realistic.話題二：環(huán)保話題1）二段的論證lllllllllll利益（profit）- 效益（benefit）消

11、費（consumption）意識（environmental consciousness/environmental awareness） 自律（self-control/self-discipline）可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀念（the sustainable development outlook） 低碳生活（a low carbon lifestyle）好習慣（a good living habit）減排（consumption，reduce）和節(jié)約態(tài)度和行為（attitude and behavior）（resources, reserve）平衡（natural balance/ecologica

12、l balance）和諧和健康（harmony and health）：fresh air, clean water, blue sky2）題目變形lll大氣污染和霧霾防治共享單車的管理（沒考） 環(huán)保是個人的事情還是的事情（沒考）3）大學 2017 年Directions:Write an essay of no less than 250 words on the ”topic “How to eliminatePM2.5 in4）范文Nowadays, a discussion is being held in t media (in the academic circle/educati

13、onal commueral public and in the mainstream). Is it imperative to eliminate PM2.5? Many people around me, including my friends, classmates and colleagues, vary intheir views in this view. If some of them ask me for my opinion, I will maintain that environmental conservation (protection) plays a lead

14、ing role in the national development strategy. And the potential harm of air pollution (smog/haze) cannot be ignored in its capital city, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.3通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰Id like to express my view in three aspects. First and foremost, nothing is moreimportant than a clean

15、environment for a city. However, it is disturbing to find that apart from car exhaust in the urban region, some industries, particularly mining sectors and steam plants, often lack sustainable development outlook and environment awareness in their business operations. Secondly, numerous examples can

16、 be given in our society to illustrate the negative influence of their economic activities. For instance, these enterprises care nothing but immediate benefits an quick success. But what they lack is occupational self-discipline (a more responsible attitude/work ethics). In this way, the atmosphere

17、in a region is often in danger of being polluted. Third and last, another element deserves due attention, apart from the above-mentioned facts. Under a slack supervision system, it is difficult for the government departments to take measures against exhaust emission. If this situation continues, the

18、 ecological balance will probably be ruined. Wore still, fresh air and blue sky will gradually vanish from many areas, especially those regions with heavy industrial bases.To sum up, Id like to emphasize my point of view that is mentioned in the first paragraph. Air pollution (haze/smog) threatens t

19、o do more harm to sustainable development. This trend will probably develop, if few actions are taken to bring it under effective control. In my view, three elements are fundamental in this issue: an effective feedback mechanism, an efficient administration and a concrete plan. Meanwhile, it is esse

20、ntial that the media coverage focus on the central position of environmental conservation. Otherwise, it is beyond the possibility to maintain (improve) air quality.ØThis statement might be traditional, but it is at least rational and realistic in the social setting.話題三：1）二段的發(fā)展話題論證llllllllll調整產(chǎn)

21、業(yè)結構（adjust industrial structure）整合促進（pool various resources）發(fā)展（promote economic growth）就業(yè)和收入（job opportunities and revenue）發(fā)展和交流（economic growth and cultural exchange）（cultural）（religious divide）（ideological（terrorist attacks）環(huán)保問題（environmental protection）2）題目變形lll旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展（中山大學 2000 年）中國能從奧運會獲得什么（200

22、8 年）（全球化（：2009 年）：2016 年度）4通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰3）題目講解The Belt and Road Initiative4）范文：嘗試讓步轉折結構Nowadays, a heated discussion is being held in the mainstream media. How togovernment? Incomment on the Road and Belt strategy that is initiated by themy view, this strategy is of great importance to the develop

23、ment of China and that ofthe whole world, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.回憶：1：越“惡俗”的，越通用第一句：5 秒：背景Nowadays, a discussion is taking place in the mainstream media and in tpublic;eral回憶：第二句：15 秒：這個話題是什么？Is it necessary for the human beings to worry about the advancement of Artificial intell

24、igence?回憶：第三句：盡快引出的觀點：2-4 分鐘In this issue, people around me, including my friends, classmates or colleagues, alwaysvary in their views. If some of them ask me for my opinion, I will maintain that AI is of great importance in the modern society, and its influence is essentially positive. So it is ear

25、ly to predict that this technology becomes a threat to the humans, as can be seen in the following two paragraphs.回憶：十大“”詞組1） 重要：become increasingly important/is of the utmost importance/plays an importantpart2） 意識：become increasingly aware of the position of. 3）喜歡：in preference for.4）重視：give more p

26、riority to.、pay attention to its position of/its threat of 5）不忽視：cannot be ignore (overlooked/neglected)6)7)8)9)解決問題:.solve many practical problems帶來益處:.benefit tremendously from/gain numerous material benefit from: object to/withstand/ 倡導:advocate/encourage/promote/propose 有害:. threaten to do more

27、harm than good/turn a blind eye to.10) 影響: The influence of . is far-reaching (substantial/positive/negative)11) 利弊對比: The benefits of . outweigh the so-called disadvantages.5通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰注：因特此說明PPT 上前后排版有出入，因此該部分如果加上”倡導“，實際為 12 條詞組，Theres no denying the fact that some problems arise in the proces

28、s of the initiative,problems arise in the process of this initiative, particularly cultural bias, religious divide,ideological. And in some regions, there is a danger of terrorist attacks. Thisstatement does have an element of truth, but it must be pointed out that it is stillsignificant to put forw

29、ards this development scheme (plan). Here, Id like to support my view with ample examples. For one thing, China can pool various economic resources and adjust the economic structure, hence bringing industrial upgrading. For another thing, other countries and regions can obtain many commercial opport

30、unities and speed up the local economic growth. As a result, the Road and Belt blueprint can be seen as a catalyst for economic development, not only for China, but also for its neighboring countries. In this situation, the friendly ties between different regions can also be greatly strengthened, al

31、ong with frequent cultural exchanges. To conclude, the One-Road and One-Belt strategy can be advocated, despite some unpredictable difficulties.To sum up, Id like to emphasize my point of view that has been mentioned in the first paragraph: Under the influence of globalization and polarization, the

32、Road and Belt strategy will play a leading role for China in the future thirty years. And with it, many countries and regions en route can also benefit from this strategy.回憶：第三段：不要走題 一致性，三四句即可第三段的詞句有哪些？好用的太多回憶：1） 趨勢是否持續(xù)？（The trend will probably develop in the future)2） 是否有必要建立機制、制定計劃、有效管控（an effecti

33、ve mechanism, a concrete plan, efficient administration）3）是否需要進行宣傳？（It is essential that the media coverage should focus on.）4）公民應該怎么做？（It is advised that each citizen .）5）可以共存，不social setting. 6）他們是副：They turn out to be compatible, and they can co-exist in the same，但畢竟不是主流，不能因為其局限性就全部的價值：They are t

34、heside-effects (side-products/an element), rather than the main stream. Whats more, it isunjustified to ignore its core value, while highlighting its limitation.7）即使存在， 也能有效解決： Such acan be effectively avoidedby .(handled/solved/resolved)這樣的人少/這樣的人不常見：The people who . are few. 這樣的事不常見：The situation

35、that . is less common.話題四：話題6通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰1）二段例證lllllll悠久的歷史（a long history）智慧、傳統(tǒng)（local wisdom, traditional heritage）建立現(xiàn)代（build modern ideology）國際的形象（images in the international commu）不是虛的（not vague and abstract）而是虛的（but concrete and visible）仁義禮（benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith

36、, filial piety）2）變形題目lll中醫(yī)是否過時（北大）城市是否應該加快博物館建設（）儒家思想和市場（外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學）3）典型題目講解Direction:Write a composition of about 250 words based on the following questions: What are thecore values of Confucianism? How do you thinkChinas socialist market economy today.Confucianism is useful in building4）范文：Nowadays, a

37、discussion is being held in t media. Is it necessary to advocate Confucianismeral public and in the mainstream? Many people around me,including my friends, classmates, colleagues, vary in their views. If someone of them askme for my opinion, I will maintain that its influence is essential positive,

38、especially in three aspects: culture, morality and commerce.Three factors are salient in my interpretation. First and foremost, Confucianism has a people. It islong history in its birthplace, representing the local wisdom offound that its features can be seen in some major cultural values such as be

39、nevolence,propriety and righteousness. Secondly, culturally speaking, numerous examples can be cited to illustrate the function of Confucianism in moral issues. For one thing, it standsfor the traditional heritage of thenationality. For another thing, this school ofthought is the symbol of those ide

40、als like faith, loyalty and filial piety. All of them arenever out of date in the commercialized society. Third and last, apart from the above-mentioned facts, another aspect deserves due attention. As far as commerce is concerned, the core values of Confucianism are never vague and abstract. but al

41、waysvisible and concrete. They are significant in building modern ideology.'s socialistmarket economy, faith and propriety cannot be ignored in the daily business operationof an enterprise. In foreign trade, they are the images of a company in the internationalcommuservice, l. Without them, it i

42、s beyond the possibility for a company to improve itsone design a quality product.To sum up, I'd like to emphasize my point of view that is mentioned in the firstparagraph. Confucianism is of great importance in modern society. Its core values are7通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰compatible with rapid economic an

43、d social growth. There might be a limitation in thisphilosophical thought, but it is unwise to neglect its mainstream.Tips:及格標準lllllll切題盡量早的出現(xiàn)文章主題語言簡潔，用一點不寫無謂語和雙謂語的句子基礎薄弱的考生應該首先確保寫得出來增強寫作感受基礎較好的學生應該學會一定的修辭方法TOPIC：交流China has rapidly developing in recent years. （錯誤 3）According to the economicdatas by

44、 the government, our country has changed stronger than before. （錯誤 4）So with it followed there are a phenomenon called “China hot” in many other countries.（錯誤 5） that is, foreigners like to travel, wearing traditionalOpera.costume,eatingdiet, even learningandHowever, is that picture tells us? Certai

45、nly not（. 錯誤 6）The American girl is not onlywearing a traditionalcostume but expressingcultural sign. Furthermore,this picture above does convey a truth that the national culture is international culture,（錯誤 7）and that is easy to understand.話題五：愛心話題1）二段寫作的例證lllllll物質（daily necessities, food and clot

46、hes）金錢（living cost,al expenditure, housing, medical insurance, tuition fee）責任（family responsibility/social responsibility, moral obligation)愛心（love， sympathy， material support， mental 希望與和諧（hope， harmony）焦慮、孤獨、壓抑、隔閡（anxiety, loneliness, depression, alienation, isolation） 愛不是虛幻的，而是現(xiàn)實的（not vague and a

47、bstract but visible and concrete）2）變形考法精神是否過時（ 志愿者工作的益處（大學）大學）志愿者工作的益處（南京師范大學）愛有不同表達方式（）3）典型題目Directions：8通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰Do you think that the Lei Feng spirit is out of date in thesociety?4）范文Nowadays, a discussion is being held in society. Is it necessary to advocatethe Lei Feng spirit in our count

48、ry? Many people around me, my classmates, friends andcolleagues, vary in their views in (on) this issue. If some of them ask me for my opinion will maintain that the influence of this spirit is essentially positive, and therefore it plays aleading role in thecommunities, as can be seen in the follow

49、ing paragraphs. I'd like to discuss this issue in three aspects. First and foremost, theres no denying the fact that many people in modern society pay attention to material benefits, and tend to become increasingly alienated. Such a remark does contain an element of truth. However, it seems to i

50、gnore the other side of the issue. In a civilized society mutual support is of great importance. Secondly, numerous examples can be cited to illustrate the central position of the Lei Feng spirit. For instance, many warm-hearted citizens provide those lonely and helpless people with important daily

51、necessities such as food and clothes. Or in other cases, many responsible social members afford those poor children's living expenditure or tuition fee, especially if they live the remote and poverty-stricken areas. Third and last, another aspect deserves due attention apart from the above-menti

52、oned facts. Social responsibility can be performed, along with the moral obligation. In this situation, the disadvantaged groups can obtain love and care (more material support and mental comfort) in a society full of hope and harmony. Third and last, another aspect deserves due attention, apart fro

53、m the above-mentioned facts. Social responsibility can be performed, along with the moral obligation. In this situation, the disadvantaged groups can obtain love and care (more material support and mental comfort) in a society full of hope and harmony.To sum up, I'd like to emphasize my point of

54、 view that is mentioned in the first paragraph. Lei Feng spirit is never vague and abstract, but always visible and concrete. In the socialist market economy, this spirit is compatible with one' s material pursuit. So it is might be traditional, but itnot out of date (obsolete) inis at least rea

55、listic.society. This話題六：健康話題1）二段寫作的例證l努力工作的（work diligently for handsome salary, job promotion andachievement）競爭激烈（intense social competition）占用時間（spend large amount of time on ones work）耗費精力（put great deal of energy into social activities/social relationship） 熬夜（stay up late until the midnight）生活顛倒

56、（It is difficult to establish normal living pattern）出現(xiàn)亞健康（sub-healthy problems such as headache, fatigue and sleep loss） 高脂肪和高血糖（high fat, high blood sugar）allllllll9通用考博寫作講義通用考博寫作辰llll慢性問題 chronic diseases, high blood pressure, heart attack心理問題（mental problems: anxiety, depression pressure/stress） 宣傳（the media coverage must focus on .）參加體育活動，如慢跑、游泳、籃球（take part in some sports activities such as jogging, swimming and playing basketball）其他體育活動：爬山、旅行、瑜伽（hill climbing, excursion and yoga）l注：yoga 首字母應為小寫 特此更正2）變形題目健康和Directions:State one of the benefits of d