英語二級考試語法重點(diǎn)

1、.英語二級考試語法重點(diǎn)n講解n練習(xí).重點(diǎn)n一.動(dòng)詞虛擬語氣n二.非謂語動(dòng)詞n三.名詞從句n四.定語從句n五.狀語從句n六.主語和謂語的一致n七.倒裝句n八.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成體n九.強(qiáng)調(diào).1.1虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法情況條件從句結(jié)果主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式( be用were)would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have +過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反1)動(dòng)詞過去式2)should+動(dòng)詞原形3) were to+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形.用法舉例表示與

2、現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1.If I were you, I should go to see the doctor at once.2.If we knew his address, we could write to him.表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1.If you had come here yesterday, you would have seen him.2.If he hadnt been so busy,he would have helped you.用法舉例表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1.If it were fine tomorrow, we would go for an out

3、ing.2.If I should do it, I would do it in a different way.注:在書面英語中,如果條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞含有系動(dòng)詞were 或助動(dòng)詞had,should ,有時(shí)可將連詞if 省略,而把were,had或should移到主語之前.如以上幾例可變成:.用法舉例Were I you (= If I were you), I should go to see the doctor at once.Had you come here yesterday(= If you had come here yesterday), you would have

4、seen him.Should I do it(= If I should do it), I would do it in an different way.1.2虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法n句型:nIt is important/necessary/natural/vital/nstrange/advisable+that+主語+(should)n+動(dòng)詞原形n例如:It is strange that she (should) do so.n It is necessary that the problemn (should) be solved immediately. .1.3虛擬語氣

5、在賓語從句中的用法n1)用于動(dòng)詞wish 后的that 從句中:n 這類虛擬語氣主要表示愿望, that常省略.如果指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?從句用過去時(shí);如果指過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句用過去完成時(shí).例如:.1.3虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法nI wish I knew French.nI wished that I had bought that skirt in Shanghai.n注: a.動(dòng)詞wish 如果是過去式,后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣形式不變,仍然用過去式或過去完成式.n有時(shí)在賓語從句中可用would(might)+動(dòng)詞原形,表示有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望.n例如:I wish he

6、would come.1.3虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法n2. 用于suggest 等動(dòng)詞后的that從句中:n句型: suggestn demandn insist +that+主語+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形n proposen ordern advisen例如:They insisted that the work(should) be started n at once.1.4虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的用法n用于order, suggestion, demand,request, proposal 等名詞后面的同位語從句和表語從句中,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用should +動(dòng)詞原形,

7、should可省略.n1)用于同位語從句中:nThey received orders that they (should) start at once.n2)用于表語從句中nHer proposal is that we (should) rest for half an hour. .1.5虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法n1)用于as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中:n如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,用過去時(shí);表示與過去事實(shí)相反,用過去完成時(shí).n They love the boy as if he were their own child.nShe speaks as if she had

8、 been there before.n2) 用于lest(惟恐) 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,謂語多用 (should)+動(dòng)詞原形.例如:nThey spoke in whispers lest they (should) be heard. .1.6虛擬語氣在 It is (high) time (that) 句中的用法n表示“該是的時(shí)候了”,從句里的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式.例如:nIts time you went to bed. Its time we left.1.7虛擬語氣在 would rather that 句中的用法nWould rather意為“寧愿” (wish), 從句里的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去

9、時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在和將來,用過去完成時(shí)表示過去.例如:nI would rather that you stayed with me.nI would rather that you hadnt done it.1.8虛擬語氣在含蓄條件句中的用法n1)由介詞短語引起虛擬語氣.nWithout electricity, there would not be modern industry.nBut for your timely help, we could not have caught the thief.n2)由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞引起虛擬語氣.nI was too busy yesterday. Otherwise, I would have come to see you.nYou should have handed in your term paper last week, but you didnt.nI didnt catch the bus, or I wouldnt have come late.1.9用于if only 感嘆句中nIf only 表示“但愿” “要是就好”,它的用法和I wish 基本相同.如與 w