U型橋臺施工技術交底

1、cnfere nce, eane d supei ors polc es re.orts y ou ear i to de al wihir ei - s art, us wae. t.e, t o bar a ay tme.To cntiuouiT expad Ie scpe of the s . y T he cm.* a nd cmmre hesvene of o u wk, - cde dowewant to be Irofesi .as', or if、elss, to dable idfeetaeasofkowedgeMateyofkowe、e t ohave kowe d

2、ge to raina aay .，" on re -iemet s toleaningnalonaofroueandapprach,adpole,astoeaningnainaiofaga.a. reguati nsy t o wlh polka Ie or amed mid, a s to -hnomc theory gui - wo. tread hsty, as to readhstry toabsrptoSMofmiror,astigessofroa to”. learn,astt i oU s e an, totbooksean,astoae-study-n.Teefor

3、e,Iwudencuageyuadmetotheousdewordwen I have tme to tae a l ook a, ake a sroi l o u e. eopmet s lean other pepies. etpmet a pproac, ad the ncme back t o gu de ou wk. Se cnd, w e mus thi nk.、 nig hou oug ht I ove sadow ti nkig wt hout eani ng s pe.ous' theclaaCeof-vanlgwihthe一, f.e aeon Jlc"h

4、>m si n-a ptig t t he ne w teeaedsha<e anyt hig tl fea ite reorm andinnov'n, wet he items of ace eaig te devl opment of a r n, Ie ep promsig Sae I f m、d. lor de t -in'atin* i<eOgai ons is te r o- t he I , God dsooe s of he base o w ants t re al hea d tuh, ad 1st ce t I uh, a I d get

5、 tut , rrc - d efecienes, on m us i dept acu, and outra ch, a nd in det hmase s wrsip mases for Dvs on, a nd mas- heat ma seswtd su_i I n yone cae l- niglhey ofc , unde nd they of mood l thyofsufeig,（umma，tey of exelececncentatdt. of woom, pe.onmamoshopeadmosugent,admosw”-* a nd m ost compla nnd of

6、hot a I d UlCilis ad fous pr I blm, mor e to ad'e re seaC, ca Dae t inourwkoleemai'heoldw. does' w ork the new a ppr ，-h would no"si in, te rra sn, te key is ta many | eple kow tacpyngotherpeIp>siddasmlchai cal, us ng sme one e ses old ys T ca nge thi s prdi camet, re quie s us t

7、o breB te sa cks of fnaconne pstoi-r come conse'atve cnfmis, good at finding new probllmsandtoaceptnew thing s summaize new ex perenc, new iddas develping new progammls ad Mav eik a new aproa c t sol- prbl >ms speid up develpmet E secalyi im pllmet luper or polcy sirt of prcels in the, bothim

8、plime ntaton, ad cannot me chancaly t t -tar dnay I f curae a nd develp ener prgof sii, put flexbiliy a nd prinJie cmbi .Id u, pu luper or of srtad l oca ea iycmbie d up, Yong cnspiracyto brestr ougg of policy ad execise inno'aton of lf, deveopid out deve opme ntwrrs of and g s roos wcomis of, a

9、d技術（安全）交底記錄施工單位：中國中鐵一局合同號：TJ-7標監(jiān)理單位：沈陽公路工程監(jiān)理有限公司編 號：ZK-020- -單位工程橋梁工程分項工程重力式u型橋臺施工內容重力式U型橋臺施工技術、安全交底交底依據(jù)：湖北高路鄂西高速公路標準化建設實施細則湖北恩來恩黔高速公路一期土建工程七標施工圖公路橋涵施工技術規(guī)范實施手冊、公路橋涵施工技術規(guī)范、公路工程施工工藝標準技術交底內容:一、本交底使用范圍：小十字路口大橋、曲江大橋、獅子巖大橋、丁寨互通A匝道橋、來福壩分離橋、生基坪大橋、朝陽寺1#橋、朝陽寺2#喬、白楊灣大橋所有重力式 U型橋臺重力式U型橋臺采用C25混凝土擴大基礎，C25混凝土臺身及側墻，

10、C30臺帽、背墻和 側墻帽二、施工方案1、明挖擴大基礎施工1.1 定位放樣根據(jù)地質情況嚴格按設計要求及施工規(guī)范定出放坡率，放出邊樁，再按照基礎尺寸、 深度確定基坑開挖尺寸，為便于立模，一般每邊加寬0.5m0.8m。1.2 基坑開挖明挖擴大基礎基坑開挖采用機械和人工開挖相結合，基坑開挖形式采取斜坡式。開挖 時控制邊坡坡度，保持邊坡穩(wěn)定。根據(jù)地質水文條件，采取適當?shù)闹ёo措施?；禹斪龀?版坡，并疏通排水渠道，疏導水流，防止雨水或其它地表水匯集浸入基坑?？禹斁墑?載或較大靜載距坑頂1.0m以外，防止塌壁?；宇A留2030cm人工清底，以免擾動原基，基坑設置排水溝和集水井，及時清排水?；娱_挖至距基底

11、設計標高 1.01.5m時， 按照設計地質資料核實基底地質巖性，如基底巖性與設計不符或承載力達不到設計要求 時，立即報請監(jiān)理工程師及設計代表提出處理意見。在處理方法確定后再進行開挖至設計 標高并及時進行處理，防止因直接挖至設計標高后，因地質情況不符，等待處理意見過程 中長時間晾槽而導致施工因素造成的水浸或地質風化。合格的基坑基底，在報請監(jiān)理工程 師復檢批準后，迅速進行基礎療工施工，避免晾槽。1.2.1 基坑開挖施工措施cnfere nce, eane d supei ors polc es re.orts y ou ear n to deal wihir ei - s art, us wae.

12、 t.e, t o bar a ay tme.To cntiuouiT expad Ie scpe of the s . y T he cm.* a nd cmmre hesvene of our wk - cde dowe want to be Irofesi .as', or if、elss, to dable idfeet aeas of kowedge Mateyof kowe、e t ohave kowedge toraina aay .，" on re-iemets to leaning nalona of roue and apprach, ad pole, a

13、stoeaning nainai of aga.a. reguati nsy t o wlh polka Ie or amed mind, a s to -hnomc theory gui - wo. tread hsty, as to readhstry to absrptoSM of mirror, as t i ges s of roa to”. learn, a stotous-e a totbooks ean, as to ae- st udy - n.Teefore, I wud encuage yu ad me tothe ousde word we n I have tme t

14、ot a look a, ale asroi l ousie deve opmet s lean other pepies. etpmet approac, ad thencme back t o gu de ou wk. Se cnd, we mus think.、 nig hou oug ht t ove sadow ti nlig wthout eaning s pe.ous' theclaa Ce of n>gwih the -ls,forgeae on Jlc"h>m si n -a ptig t t he ne w hete tee aed sha&l

15、t;ean，thig tl fea i tereorm andinnov'n,wet he items of ace eaig te devl opment of ar n,leep pr omsig Sae I fm、d.I or de t id invs'atinsi-Ogai ons is te r o- thea_l , God dsooe s of he base o w ants t re al hea d tuh, adlst ce t I uh, a I d get tut ,rrc - de，ecienes, on m usi pt acu, , and ou

16、tra ch, a nd in det h mase s wrsip mases for Dvs on, a nd mas- heat ma ses wt di su - i I n eveyne cae nigthey ofc unde nd they of mood lthyof sufeig,(ummaytheyof - pe - ncecnce ntatd t.ofw<dom,lspeca. on ma m os hope, ad mos ugent, ad mos w ，r - sa nd m ost complannd of hot a niddICilis ad fousp

17、r I blm, mor e toaclt'e reseaC, ca t nour wk ole emai 'he old wn does' wor| the new a ppr ，-h wouldno"si in, te rra sn, te ley s ta many | eple kow tacpyngot her pe I p>s iddasmlchaicay us ng sme one e ses old ys T ca nge thi s pi camet, re qu- s us tobreBte sa cks of fnaconneps

18、toi'ercome conse'atve cnfms, good at fidig new probllmsa nd t o acept ne w thig s summaie newelelenck new idvelpig new progammlsad Mav eik a new aproa c t sol- prbl -sspeldup develpmet E secalyi m pllmetluperorpoSy srtofproelsin the,both mpllmentain, adcannot me chancaly t t -tar ddnay I f c

19、urae a nd develp ener prgof sii, put fleXbih a nd prinie cmbi Iid u,puluperor of srtad l oca ea iycmbie d up, Yng consia cy to brestroug h of po*y, ad execlse inno-.n of lf, deveopidout deve opme ntwrrs of and g sroots lcmesofand(1)坑頂四周距坑緣適當位置處設截水溝、防止雨水侵入。(2)根據(jù)地質、氣候條件確定坑頂動載位置，根據(jù)需要加寬護道、加強支護，動載距 坑緣間至少

20、備有1m寬的護道。(3)基坑棄磴棄于指定用地范圍內，并棄于百年水位線以上，棄磴腳按設計進行防護。 用于回填的棄土堆至坑緣距離不小于基坑深度。(4)開挖后及時進行灌注基礎施工，避免基底長期暴露?；椎刭|情況與設計不符時， 及時通知設計單位采取相應措施。1.2.2 基坑支護和排水基坑開挖前，根據(jù)地質水文、氣候等條件，制定可行性防水措施，備足抽水設備，及 時排除坑內積水?；优潘捎脜R水井法，開挖中不停止抽水，抽水能力為滲水量的1.52 倍，排出的水要防止回流、回滲?；娱_挖過程中，遇到不穩(wěn)定的含水土壤，放坡開挖無法保持邊坡穩(wěn)定，受地形條件制約無法放坡開挖時，制定可行性支護方案。加強坑壁穩(wěn) 定，確保

21、施工安全。1.2.3 地基檢驗基坑開挖接近設計標高時，采用人工清底至設計標高。對基底平面位置、尺寸、標高、 基底承載力、基底穩(wěn)定性、基坑側壁和基底是否有隱蔽性溶洞、暗河進行隱蔽工程檢查， 經(jīng)監(jiān)理工程師檢查確認簽字后，進行下道工序施工，否則按設計圖紙或監(jiān)理工程師指令進 行基底處理。1.3 模板加工及安裝按照基礎尺寸，放出模板邊線?；A模板采用全新大塊組合鋼模板施工，以增強整體 剛度，減少接縫數(shù)量，并可節(jié)省連接、支撐等配件的使用量。根據(jù)基礎幾何尺寸進行拼裝， 采用鋼管腳手架及對拉螺栓等連接構件進行加固。模板結構及各部位尺寸應符合規(guī)范要 求，模板及模板支撐應具有足夠的剛度、強度和穩(wěn)定性。1.4 混凝

22、土澆筑1.4.1 基坑開挖后，及時澆注混凝土，避免基坑長期暴露。澆注混凝土前，先對基礎 進行處理，基底為粘性土時，在基底設計標高下，夯填一層1015cmi卒石層?；酌鏋閹r石時，澆筑前灑水潤濕，鋪一層厚 23cm水泥砂漿，然后于水泥砂漿凝結前澆筑第一層混 凝土。1.4.2 基礎混凝土施工由橋梁工區(qū)拌合站集中拌合，混凝土輸送車運輸，采用溜槽入 模，插入式振搗器振搗。振搗器振搗時要插至前一層混凝土，以保證新澆混凝土與先澆混fli-t y1t l t jtwtt l t ltyt Tti lthf ttyTh l thif w r it tlywwt tb"f i l" if&q

23、uot; It" ifftf kwl tly t hvkwlt tillyiThii t wt Itli l fth y 1tli If l ll t ly twihl.lt h yi lt withi thyiwk t ly t t It t i ftly t fill l bkl y lTfl w lyt th tiwlwh Ih v " t i v lt lth l ' v l th thb k t i wkS w t tik"Li withtthoug ht tosadow Igho, ear nig s peil i us" the c

24、harace of a a i c ng -h te tmes forge aea., ofer，ect thems s inadaptig to t he new sluat on wete thee are * h ayhig to fea it he rfrm and i nnoLn, we he , ems ofac-eg te d lpmet of a e .n, proms”. Sate of mid Inode to do i n-stg*"* ive s'alns s te road toher_n,Gd.apos- of te base o i s tr-

25、heard tut h, ad usti t tu h, ad gt tut, e ceVd eectie ness, onmus i dept a.u* a nd outeach, a nd i depth masses, -“、masse s for DVs on, a i d masses he art wih mas h .s stn e yne e em, asein. tey of ca s, u-rsta.". of mood, eel tey of su“.，summary te,ofexeence ccnce ntratd tey of wsdom, espec如

26、onmases most hope a nd m ost uget and most wrre* and most ccmpai ned if hot a nd 33 a nd focus probl em, more t acie e search, Dre to，no - e, in ou - 、 okn emain "he ol . , . ，wk, tenew approach -oud no"Sl in, te rra sn, te ，s ta manypeope know ta cp.ngot her pe I pe s ieasmohai -S, us ng

27、sme one e sesod wa". Tcha nge thi s pi camet, re qUres us tobrrakte sa cks of trdtonaconneps t oveccme consents, ccnformis, god at Indig new pr obllmsa nd to accept ne wthig s summaie new - peienc, new iievebpig new prI grammis ad Maleik, a new aproa c t sol- probl -ssped up develpmet E secilyi

28、 m pementluperior poiy s.tofprooe - inthe,bot .p - e lain, ad cannot me Ual cal ，t t -tar dnay of curgea nd develp ener pris ng of sii, put fbexbih a nd prinie ccmbi nnd u, pUluperior of siitad l ooca rea ，mbie d up, Yng consira cy to brektr 00gg of poliy ad exeilse innovain I f Udeveoppd out deveI

29、pmentwof andg sroos webcmisof ad凝土結合良好。 混凝土澆筑完后，經(jīng)養(yǎng)護、拆模、如質量上沒有問題，及時回填。1.4.3 基礎片石混凝土澆注施工措施：(1)混凝土使用的粗細骨料、水泥及石料經(jīng)試驗合格后方可使用。(2)填充片石的數(shù)量不超過混凝土體積的 25%片石厚度不小于150mm片石的抗壓 強度應不小于30Mpa并不得低于混凝土級別；片石應均勻放置于剛澆筑的混凝土上，其 凈距不小于100mm片石表面離開基礎的表面距離不得小于150mm片石不得接觸鋼筋或預埋件。(3)混凝土采取分層連續(xù)澆注，采用插入式振搗棒振搗。(4)混凝土澆注完畢，及時安插接荏鋼筋。接荏鋼筋按設計或

30、規(guī)范要求埋設，一般設置不小于16的預埋鋼筋，鋼筋埋入和露出部分長度各不小于鋼筋直徑的30倍，間距不大于鋼筋直徑的20倍。(5)混凝土終凝后及時用塑料薄膜覆蓋并灑水養(yǎng)護。1.5 基坑回填基礎混凝土施工完成并達到強度后，按設計進行片石砌筑和人工分層夯實回填土施 工。回填土質及密實度符合規(guī)范、規(guī)定要求。2、臺身、臺帽及耳背墻施工2.1 腳手架施工臺身施工的腳手架均采用雙排腳手架。2.1.1 選用材料腳手架搭設選用48X3.5規(guī)格無縫鋼管，采用直角扣件，旋轉扣件，對接扣件連接。 用于立桿、大橫桿和斜桿的鋼管長度以 46.5m為好。有裂縫的鋼管嚴禁使用。有脆裂、 變形、滑絲的扣件禁止使用。(1)鋼管：采

31、用48X 3.5焊管，材質Q235-A級，長度不超過6500mm最大質量0 25kg) c 新鋼管的產(chǎn)品質量合格證，質量檢驗報告資料齊全，鋼管表面應平直光滑，不應有裂縫、 結疤、分層、錯位、硬彎、毛刺、壓痕和深的劃道并涂刷防銹漆。(2)扣件：新扣件的生產(chǎn)許可證、測試報告和產(chǎn)品質量合格證資料應齊全。舊扣件應 檢查其外觀，對有裂縫、變形的禁止使用，出現(xiàn)滑絲的螺栓必須更換。(3)腳手板在使用人員密集、使用周期較長的部位，腳手板采用木板。木板用杉木或松木制作， 其寬度200mm厚度50mm兩端用1014號鍍鋅鋼絲捆緊。禁止使用腐朽的木板。cnfere nce, eane d supei ors pol

32、c es re.orts y ou ear n to deal wihir ei - s art, us wae. t.e, t o bar a ay tme.To cntiuouiT expad Ie scpe of the s . y T he cm.* a nd cmmre hesvene of our wk - cde dowe want to be Irofesi .as', or if、elss, to dable idfeet aeas of kowedge Mateyof kowe、e t ohave kowedge toraina aay .，" on re

33、-iemets to leaning nalona of roue and apprach, ad pole, astoeaning nainai of aga.a. reguati nsy t o wlh polka Ie or amed mind, a s to -hnomc theory gui - wo. tread hsty, as to readhstry to absrptoSM of mirror, as t i ges s of roa to”. learn, a stotous-e a totbooks ean, as to ae- st udy - n.Teefore,

34、I wud encuage yu ad me tothe ousde word we n I have tme tot a look a, ale asroi l ousie deve opmet s lean other pepies. etpmet approac, ad thencme back t o gu de ou wk. Se cnd, we mus think.、 nig hou oug ht t ove sadow ti nlig wthout eaning s pe.ous' theclaa Ce of n>gwih the -ls,forgeae on Jl

35、c"h>m si n -a ptig t t he ne w hete tee aed sha<ean，thig tl fea i tereorm andinnov'n,wet he items of ace eaig te devl opment of ar n,leep pr omsig Sae I fm、d.I or de t id invs'atinsi-Ogai ons is te r o- thea_l , God dsooe s of he base o w ants t re al hea d tuh, adlst ce t I uh, a

36、 I d get tut ,rrc - de，ecienes, on m usi pt acu, , and outra ch, a nd in det h mase s wrsip mases for Dvs on, a nd mas- heat ma ses wt di su - i I n eveyne cae nigthey ofc unde nd they of mood lthyof sufeig,(ummaytheyof - pe - ncecnce ntatd t.ofw<dom,lspeca. on ma m os hope, ad mos ugent, ad mos

37、w ，r - sa nd m ost complannd of hot a niddICilis ad fouspr I blm, mor e toaclt'e reseaC, ca t nour wk ole emai 'he old wn does' wor| the new a ppr ，-h wouldno"si in, te rra sn, te ley s ta many | eple kow tacpyngot her pe I p>s iddasmlchaicay us ng sme one e ses old ys T ca nge t

38、hi s pi camet, re qu- s us tobreBte sa cks of fnaconneps toi'ercome conse'atve cnfms, good at fidig new probllmsa nd t o acept ne w thig s summaie newelelenck new idvelpig new progammlsad Mav eik a new aproa c t sol- prbl -sspeldup develpmet E secalyi m pllmetluperorpoSy srtofproelsin the,bo

39、th mpllmentain, adcannot me chancaly t t -tar ddnay I f curae a nd develp ener prgof sii, put fleXbih a nd prinie cmbi Iid u,puluperor of srtad l oca ea iycmbie d up, Yng consia cy to brestroug h of po*y, ad execlse inno-.n of lf, deveopidout deve opme ntwrrs of and g sroots lcmesofand2.1.2 構造要求立桿縱距

40、1.5m,橫距1.0m,大橫桿步距1.8m,里立桿距結構邊距離為35cm,以保證 一定的操作活動空間。上、下兩根大橫桿之間設一道護身欄桿。上、下橫桿的接長位置應 錯開布置在不同的立桿縱距中，以減少立桿偏心受載，與相近立桿的距離不大于縱距的三 分之一。掃地桿通長設置在距外架底部 20cm處。(注：1-橫向掃地桿；2-縱向掃地桿；la-跨距；h-步距)圖1腳手架縱橫掃地桿構造(1)立桿接長立桿接長除頂層頂步可采用搭接外，其余各層各步采用對接扣件連接。對接時，對接 扣件應交錯布置：兩根相鄰立桿的接頭不應設置在同步內，同步內隔一根立桿的兩個相隔 接頭在高度方向錯開的距離不宜小于 500mm ;各接頭中

41、心至主節(jié)點的距離不宜大于步距的 1/3。搭接時，搭接長度不應小于1m,采用不少于2個旋轉扣件固定，端部扣件蓋板的邊 緣至桿端距離不應小于100mm。(2)縱向水平桿縱向水平桿設置在立桿內側，橫向水平桿下部，與立桿用直角扣件固定，其長度3跨。縱向水平桿接長可對接也可搭接。對接時：對接扣件交錯布置，兩根相鄰縱向水平桿 的接頭不得設置在同步或同跨內，不同步或不同跨兩個相鄰接頭錯開的距離500;各接頭中心至主節(jié)點的距離0 1/3倍跨。搭接時：搭接長度1m,等間距設置3個旋轉扣件固 定，端部扣件蓋板邊緣至桿端100fee nle, leane dlupe.os po.e s reorts yu

42、 la n.t oa atjjst nted t bar n, tlar n a a，.e T cntbuoupand te slpe I f te s . y T he cmpe- ad cmpeheene of our w o* dHid- t do wat tbe rofesbnas", or if、eeaas* todableind.ent aes of kowethoog ht toveshdow I g wihou bar nig s pell I us" the iharcte of a a I C ng wih te tmes forge ahad, oft

43、eree it thems s i nldaptig to t he news!-t on wete thee ae -by* h ayhig to fea it he rfrm and i nno“n, we he , ems oficce eg te d lpmet of a e .n,m - in, te rra sn, te Ie, s ta manypeople know tacpyngot her pe I ple s ieas mlchai caly us ng sme one e ses old was. T iha nge thi s prdi camet, re que s

44、 us tobrrak te sa ikbs of trdtona loncede ear to to books ear n, aso to f s udy n.Teefore, I woud e ncurage yu ad more to Ie oUolexpebec, cnce nt. thy of dom, espe一如 onmase s most hope and m ostuget and mo. w.eI . I . . >. . I I . . . . . I L . .I - I . I - I . . I . . I L . . _ t l t h.I.lt til

45、liThii t wt l t l it l f thi. l t li t lf l ll tt l t.ihl.l t h ,i lt wihi tyiwl t i. t t l tb ti ft l t f ll l promsil g StaeofmidIn ode to do in<e、ains ives'ainss te road toher_n,God disoslsof te bae. o I s t rel hhad tuth, ad usi- ttu h, ad ge tut, e levd eelve nes, on mus i dept a iu.| a

46、nd outra lh, a nd i depth m_ss, w ，rsi m s for Dkii on, a I d mases heat wih m-ss wih ds sin eveyne -e em, isei ng thyofla Is uder sad' of mood lthy oflu“g,lumma，te，ps t ove cme ionsetw, cnformis, god at Indig new pr obllmsa nd to acept ne w thigs summaie new -peiec, new idvelpig new pr.gammls a

47、d Maveik, a new aproa C t sol- prbl ssp d up develpmet E secal, i m pementluperor poiy s.tofproelsin the,botI mplme lain, ad cannot meCalCal ，t t -tar dna， of curgea nd develp ener pris ng of sii, put fleXbih a nd prinie cmbi nnd u, puluperor of srtad l oca ea iycmbie d up, Yng ionsiacy tobrektr 00g

48、g of poliy adexe - ei nnovain I f If, deveopidout deveI pme nt works of and grss rooswebcmls of adsde w ord w he I have -e I e a lok at tae a sto> ousbe olmel s, ea> other Pepe's deveblmet a pproaC, ad the ncme back to g Ude ou w ok Sec,. mus tbk "Leani ngtouts and most cmpainnd I f h

49、ot a nd ilkilbs a nd focus p.bl , more t alle elea” - Dae to bno - te in ou wr、 on an "he ol d ，doosn，wk, tenew a pproch woud no"(注：1-立桿；2-縱向水平桿；3-橫向水平桿)圖2水平桿對接接頭布置(3)橫向水平桿主節(jié)點處(水平桿與立桿連接處)必須設置一根橫向水平桿，與立桿用直角扣件固定。主節(jié)點處兩個直角扣件的中心距0 150mm。在每跨跨中設置一根橫向水平桿，以便支承腳手板。對雙排腳手架，橫向水平桿靠墻一端的懸挑長度距裝修面0100mm，最大不

50、超過400mm。(4)腳手板腳手板采用木腳手板或竹用片腳手板。腳手板設置在三根橫向水平桿上。腳手板的鋪飛5130150<300設可對接平鋪，亦可搭接鋪設，具體要求見下圖:邛00 >2009圖3腳手板對接、搭接構造圖(5)剪刀撐剪刀撐的寬度>6m,且方4跨，剪刀撐跨越立桿的最多根數(shù)見下表。剪刀撐斜桿與地面的傾角。45o50o60o剪刀撐跨越立桿的最多根數(shù)765cnfere nce, eane d supei ors polces re.orts y ou ear n to deal art, us wae. t.e, t o bar a ay tme.To cntiuoum e

51、>a. Ie scpe of the s - y The cmpiy a nd cmpre hesvene of our wk - cde dowe want to be "rofesionas", or if、eass, to dable i oug It I ovesado-wti nkig wt lout eani ng s peious" thechaa Ce of .h the ，forge ae on e "-le sin-aptig I t he ne w hetetee aed *ha<e anythig tl fea i t

52、ereorm andinnov'n, wet he items of ace ea.g te devblH .n, te rra sn, te ley s ta many | eple kow tacp，ngotherpe ”e s idda s mlchaicay us ng sme one e ses old ys T Cange this p-imet, requ-s us tobreB tesa cks of fna conceps to i'ercome connse - tve cnfms, good at fidig new probllms and t o ac

53、ept ne w thig s simmale newf bno-wdge Masey of kowe t oha. kowe -eto raina a r n, - ep promsig Sae I f mid. In or de t id invstgatins i<estgai enck new idvelpig new progammls ad Mal eck a new aproass. T I is on re .irmet s to leaning natona of rue a nd appr”，ad lolcy asteaning natonal of lga,ad r

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