人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)上第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解及練習(xí)

1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?語(yǔ)言功能：談?wù)撨^(guò)去的事件重點(diǎn)詞7匚：try, wonder, dislike, wonderful, bored, were, was, stayed visited, arrived, went, bought, ate,saw, felt, walk, discuss, expensive, cheap, interesting, boring, exciting, terrible, friendlyspecial, delicious, rainy , sunny, decide to do sth. quite

2、a few.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：quite a few相當(dāng)多，不少of course 當(dāng)然feel like給的感覺(jué),感受到because of 因?yàn)間o on vacation 去度假go to summer camp 去夏令營(yíng)study for tests為考試學(xué)習(xí)hot, wet, go on vacation, stay at home,stay at home 呆在家go shopping 去購(gòu)物seem to be 好像decide to do sth決定做某事ride bicycles騎 自 行車(chē)enough money足夠的錢(qián)the top of the hill 山頂重點(diǎn)句型： Whe

3、re did you go on vacation? We went to New York.Did you go to Central Park?Yes, I did.How was the weather?It was sunny.語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：肯定句：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式否定句：助動(dòng)詞did not+動(dòng)詞原形（did not可縮寫(xiě)為didn''疑問(wèn)句：助動(dòng)詞did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形語(yǔ)法someone 某人， anyone某人/任何人,no one沒(méi)有人, everyone 每人。1.不定代詞，不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞，常用不定代詞有: something 某

4、事，somebody 某人，anything/某事，任何事，anybody 某人/任何人，nothing 沒(méi)有東西，nobody 沒(méi)有人，everything 每一件事，everybody 每人，all所有的，each每個(gè)，both兩者都，much許多，many許多，（a） little少許，（a）few很少得，other（ s）其他的（其他人），another另一個(gè)，none沒(méi)有，one , either兩者中的一個(gè)，neither兩者都不。someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；either,

5、 neither, each, little, much等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)。如：Nothing is yet certain. 一切都還沒(méi)有肯定。Neither was satisfactory.兩者都不使人滿(mǎn)意。No one goes to the school during the vacation.（四期時(shí)沒(méi)人至 U學(xué)校去。一般來(lái)講，修飾不定代詞的詞要放在不定代詞之后。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Do you have anything to sa/Id like something to eat.Eg. Have you b

6、ought for Lindas birthday?-Not exactly. Just some flowers.A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything鞏固練習(xí)I'm so thirsty. Shall we getto drink?I don ' t think knows her new address.There's in the new cupboard. It's empty now.is too difficult if yo

7、u put your heart into it.I think you can find him in the school.Could you tell different between the two pictures?Please help yourself to soup.something ,anyone, nothing, Nothing ,nowhere somewhere anything, some一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；過(guò) 去主語(yǔ)所具備的能力和性格。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday, la

8、st night, in 1990,two days agd一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和 often, always等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 連用?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他；否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；一般疑問(wèn)句：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他1 . Be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài).在沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用 be動(dòng)詞，am, is的過(guò)去式為was; are的過(guò)去式為were.構(gòu)成：肯定何： 主語(yǔ)+was (were)以語(yǔ).如：I was late yesterday.(昨天我遲到了。) 否定何：主語(yǔ)+was (were

9、) +notM語(yǔ)，如：We weren't late yesterday.(我們昨天沒(méi)有遲到) 疑問(wèn)句：Was (Were)持語(yǔ) + 表語(yǔ)，如： Were you a student? 特殊疑問(wèn)旬：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was (were) +主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ) Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他為什么遲到？2 .實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，否定句和疑問(wèn)句要使用助動(dòng)詞did.否定句：主語(yǔ)+didn't +動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句：Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)I did my homework yesterday.I did

10、n ' t do mhomework yesterday.否定旬)Did you do your homework yesterday? Yes, I did. /No, I didn上股疑問(wèn)旬)3 .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)：肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+其它 否定句式：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ not +其它. 一般疑問(wèn)句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其它？注： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：canfcould , may fmight , must fmuswill-would , should-should。特殊疑問(wèn)句式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他What could she do twent

11、y years ago 20 年前她能做什么?例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1. Mr. Mott is out. But he here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2. -Hi, Tom.-Hello, Fancy. I you were here.A. don't know B. won't think C. think D. didn't know動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則1 . 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ed,如：workworked looklooked2 .以不發(fā)音 e結(jié)尾的單詞

12、，直接力口 d: livelived hopehoped useused3 . 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的， 變 y 為 i 力口 ed: studystudied carrycarried worryworried4 .以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母+ed: stopstopped planplanned重讀閉音節(jié)體現(xiàn)形式為輔-元-輔結(jié)構(gòu)，5 .不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：have-had 有arewere 是get-got 得至Usay-said 說(shuō)feel-felt 感覺(jué)do/doesdid 做is-was 是go-went 去drinkdrank 喝eat ate 吃bring-br

13、ought 帶來(lái) think-thought 想，認(rèn)為buy-bought 買(mǎi)catch- caught 抓住teach- taught 教sit-sat 坐wear-wore 穿cut-cut 切割sweep-swept 打掃 sleepslept 睡覺(jué)become-becam蛾為一般過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)題，.請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. He(live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the

14、 farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They(play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10.you(visit) your relatives last Spring Fes

15、tival?按要求變換句型。1. Frank read an interesting book about history.(一般疑問(wèn)句) Frank an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his room just now.(戈U線(xiàn)提問(wèn))What he just now?3. Thomas spent $10 on this book.（否定句）Thomas$10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week.（劃線(xiàn)提問(wèn)） family last week?Go on va

16、catio4度彳貿(mào)；on vacation,在度彳貿(mào)（表狀態(tài)）summer vacation 暑假 winter vacation 寒假Haikou is a beautiful city. Let，s there.My parents are in Hawaii.some 一些，某些，某個(gè)，any 一些，任何some和any既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，some常用在肯定句中，而any則常用在否定和疑問(wèn)句中。因此 some和any的用法主要是考慮用在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句還是否定 句中 A: Are there any apples in the fridge?B: Yes, there

17、are some./ No, there arenany.A: Is there any water in the bottle?B: Yes, there is some water./ No, there isn any water.Eg. He asked me for paper, but I didnt have.A. some; some B. any; someC. some; any D. any; any但在表示建議，反問(wèn)，請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中，或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)，多用 some而不用any。如：Would you like some coffee?你要不要來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡？Many,

18、much, a lot of 許多much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞many只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)A lot of =lots of接可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。a 10t是副詞性短語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞。比如：Thanks a lot.= Thanks very much.再比如：I know him a lot。Few 和 a few, little 和 a little.few, a few是修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的，little, a little是修飾不可數(shù)名詞的。a few, a little意思是有一些，表肯定意味，few, little ,意思是很少，幾乎沒(méi)有表否定意味。He ha

19、s friends here, he feels lonely.他這里沒(méi)朋友，他感覺(jué)寂寞。There are eggs in the basket 子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。There is ink in my bottle, can you give me ink?我的瓶子里沒(méi)有墨水了,你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎？Decide決定，下決心decide to do sth.決定做某事，相當(dāng)于 make up ones mind to do sth. decide的名詞形式為 decision.decide to do sth 的否定形式是 decided not to do sth.decide移詞：I can

20、't decide the date of the meetin斯決定不了這次會(huì)議的日期。decide to do sth He decides to go to Hong Kang on vacation 決定去香港度假。 decide鎖問(wèn)詞 +to do： They can't decide whom to invite.他們不能決定該邀請(qǐng)誰(shuí)。decide銀語(yǔ)從旬： We decided that we would not go to the party tonight.Eg. Goldilocks decided to for a walk in the forest.A

21、. go B. to go C. going D. goestry,嘗試，努力，試圖try to do sth.盡力做某事；try not to do sth.盡力不去做某事try doing sth.試著做某事；try on試穿（接名詞時(shí)，名詞放在on前后都可以，接代詞時(shí)，代詞須放在try和on之間She is trying to draw a horseft 正努力畫(huà)一匹馬。You should try taking more exercised應(yīng)該試著多運(yùn)動(dòng) .I ll try y best to help you.我會(huì)盡力幫助你。This skirt is very nice. Wou

22、ld you like to try it on?這條裙子很漂亮，你想試一下嗎？What a difference a day makes!多么不同的 天?。∮蓋hat引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，What+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！What a beautiful girl she is!她是一個(gè)多么漂亮的姑娘啊！What important jobs they have done!Eg.wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!A. How B. What C. What a D. What anEnough,足夠的修飾

23、名詞時(shí)， enough放前，如 enough money ,enough time修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)， enough放后面，如 good enough, happy enough,well enough Eg.I don't know him to ask him for help.A. good enough B. enough good C. enough well D. well enoughDid everyone have a good time?家都玩得很開(kāi)心嗎？have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得開(kāi)心 (+ doin

24、g) eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall.=We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.=We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.I really enjoyed walking around the town.我真的彳艮喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上至U處走走。（P5）enjoy及物動(dòng)詞,意為 喜愛(ài)；欣賞；享受的樂(lè)趣”，其后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) a. Do you enjoy your job?你喜歡你的工作嗎？b. I enjoy reading

25、books.我喜歡讀書(shū)。（enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事）拓展： enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fu 玩得開(kāi)心（+ doing sth）Bored無(wú)聊的，無(wú)趣的，常用來(lái)形容人，boring形容物 bored用于形容人，一般用作表語(yǔ)。如 I am bored.boring用于形容物，意思是令人厭煩的，乏味的。如 it is a boring day!類(lèi)似用法的詞還有：interested對(duì)一感興趣，修飾人,interesting有趣的，修飾物；excited感到興奮 的，激動(dòng)的"，一般修飾某人.exciting令人興奮的，使人

26、激動(dòng)的"，一般修飾某物;surprised感到驚 訝的，一般修飾人，surprising令人驚訝的，一般修飾物。I am interested in English.我對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。This book is very interesting 這本書(shū)彳艮有趣。Feel like感覺(jué)像，給人的感覺(jué)像是.,摸起來(lái)像1 .后接名詞Do you feel like a rest?你想休息一下嗎？The material feels like velvet.這料子摸起來(lái)像絲絨。2 .后接代詞 We ll go for a walk if you feel like it.你愿意的話(huà)，咱們就去散散

27、步。3 .后接動(dòng)名詞I feel like catching a cold.我像是感冒了。4 .后接句子I feel like I want to cry.我覺(jué)得我想哭。Wait,等待wait for,等待，如 I'll wait for you.我會(huì)等你的.can't wait,等不及,如 We can't wait to get started.我們迫不及待地想要開(kāi)始了。Wait a minute, wait a moment.等會(huì)JL；不肖等下I want to talk to you, but it can wait.我想和你談?wù)?，但可以等?huì)兒再說(shuō)。Becaus

28、4口 because of 因?yàn)閎ecaus更連詞，其后接原因X犬語(yǔ)從句或回答以why開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句；而because of是復(fù)合介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能接句子。如(1)he is ill, he is absent today.(2)He is not at school his 川ness.(3)He can ' t comethe heavy rain.(4)We like physics we can learn a lot of ideas.感官動(dòng)詞look, sound, smell, taste, feet當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，形成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。He looks angry.他看起來(lái)很生氣。His explanation soundsreasonable.他的解釋 聽(tīng)起來(lái) 合理。The cakessmell nice.這個(gè)蛋糕 聞起來(lái)很香。The dishes