五種基本句型-主系表結(jié)構(gòu)

1、僅供個人參考For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercial use五種基本句型一一主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主（語）+系（動詞）+表（語）主語，主語是五種基本句型都具備的。從位置上來看，主語一般在句子開頭，也就是一個句子的“頭把交椅”。從意義上理解，主語一般是一個句子的“陳述對象”，后面的一切都是針對主語 來說的。主語一般是名詞或代詞（當然還有其他，這里暫且詳細討論）系動詞是聯(lián)系動詞的簡稱，顧名思義，它是起到聯(lián)系作用的動詞，是連接主語和 表語的。系動詞的數(shù)量是有限的，常見的只有十來個，我們把它們分成四組，這 樣有助于我們記憶系動詞：

2、1、 be動詞類： am、 is、are、was、were2、 表示變化類：become get、 turn、 grow、go3、 感官動詞類：眼（look ）耳（sound）鼻（smell）舌（taste討（feel）4、 表示延續(xù)性的動詞 ：remain、stay、keep表語從位置上來講，它總是在系動詞后面（系動詞和表語關系甚為緊密，沒有系動詞， 就沒有表語：沒有表語，就沒有系動詞。二從意義上講，表語通常是來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征的。表語通常是由形容詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、doing等來充當。上面就是對主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的簡要介紹， 其中，系動詞是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的核心，它是這 個結(jié)構(gòu)的標

3、志，看到了系動詞，也就能立刻判斷出句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是主系表，因此，記住系動詞非常重要。練習找出下面句子中的主語、系動詞及表語，并指出主語和表語分別是由什么詞性或詞類來充當?shù)摹? Tom is a student.2 He is fat.3 I am tired .4 We are students.5 The bag was lost .6 The boy was foolish .7 They were kind.8 She is in the room.9 The books are on the desk.10 Snow is white.11 Kate was here yesterday.

4、12 My father became a teacher in 1978.13 The weather gets hot in summer.14 She looks beautiful.15 The flower smells good.16 We were very happy.17 You are right.18 The soup tastes delicious.19 The chair is yours.20 The children are asleep.21 The story is interesting.22 He feels better today.23 The le

5、af turns green.24 I stayed awake all the night.25 The weather still remained cold in April.26 The little girl is six.27 My work is to look after the baby.28 His job is taking care of the patient.29 The girl is very pretty.30 He went mad.31 Please don t get angry.32 The weather is getting colder and

6、colder.33 You look angry.34 She looks like her mother.35 You look unhappy, what s the matter?36 Those roses smell beautiful.37 This tastes nice. What s in it?38 Do you feel happy?39 He remained silent.40 The weather is going to stay fine.41 M y job is teaching English42 She is at home43 I feel terri

7、ble44 He is older than he looks 他比看上去要老。45 He seen interested in the book他似乎對這本書感興趣。46 The story sounds interesting 這個故事聽起來有趣。47 The desk feels hard書桌摸起來很硬。48 The cake tastes nice 餅嘗起來很香。49 The flowers smell sweet and nice 花聞起來香甜。50 You have grown taller than before 你長得比以前高了。51 He has suddenly falle

8、n ill.他突然病倒了。52 He stood quite still.他靜靜地站看。53 He becomes a teacher.他當了教師。54 He looks well.他面色好。55 It sounds nice這個聽起來不錯。56 I feel good.我感覺好。57 The egg smells ba抵個雞蛋難聞。58 He became a teacher at last.59 His face turned red.60 Is he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japanese teacher?1一個英語、漢語還是日語老

9、師？練習答案找出下面句子中的主語、系動詞及表語，并指出主語和表語分別是由什么詞性或詞類來充當?shù)摹? Tom is a student. 湯姆是一個學生。Tom 主語，名詞 a student表語 名詞2 He is fat. 他很胖。He主語，代詞fat表語，形容詞3 I am tired .我累了I 主語，代詞tired 表語，形容詞4 We are student豉們是學生。We主語，代詞 students表語，名詞5 The bag was los他丟了。The bag 主語，名詞lost 丟，形容詞，表語6 The boy is foolish.這男孩是愚蠢的。The boy主語，名詞

10、foolish愚蠢的，形容詞，表語7 They were kind他們很親切。They主語，代詞kind.親切的，和藹的，形容詞，表語8 She is in the room她在屋里。She主語，代詞in the room在屋里，介詞短語，表語9 The books are on the des 用在桌子上。The books主語，名詞 on the desk在桌子上，介詞短語，表語10 Snow is white.雪是白色的。Snow 主語，名詞white 白色的，形容詞，表語11 Kate was here yesterdayl 特昨天在這。Kate主語，名詞here代詞，表語yester

11、day時間狀語12 My father became a teacher in 1978我爸爸在.1978 年成為一名教師。My father主語，名詞 a teacher名詞，表語in 1978.時間狀語13 The weather gets hot in summe直天，天氣變熱了。The weather主語，名詞 hot形容詞表語in summer時間狀語14 She looks beautiful她看起來很漂亮。She 主語，代詞beautiful 表語，形容詞15 The flower smells good 花聞起來很香。The flower主語，名詞 good形容詞，表語16 W

12、e were very happyBfe們很高興。We主語，代詞 very happy表語，形容詞17 You are right 你對 了。You 主語，代詞right 形容詞，表語18 The soup tastes deliciou痢嘗起來美味。The soup主語，名詞delicious美味的，形容詞，表語19 The chair is yours 椅子是你的。The chair 主語，名詞yours 表語，物主代詞20 The children are asleep® 子們睡著了。The children主語，名詞 asleep表語，形容詞21 The story is i

13、nteresting這故事挺有趣。The story主語，名詞interesting形容詞，表語22 He feels better todays今天感覺不錯。He主語，代詞better形容詞，表語today時間狀語23 The leaf turns green. 樹葉變綠了。The leaf主語，名詞 green表語，形容詞24 I stayed awake all the night我整夜沒睡。I主語，代詞awake形容詞，表語all the night時間狀語25 The weather still remained cold in April. 四月份天氣在仍很冷。The weathe

14、r 主語，名詞cold 形容詞，表語in April 時間狀語26 The little girl is six. 這小女孩六歲了。The little girl 主語，名詞six 數(shù)詞，表語27 My work is to look after the baby.我的工作是照看小孩。My work主語，名詞to look after the baby動詞不定式短語做表語28 His job is taking care of the patient. 他的工作是照顧病人。His job 主語，名詞taking care of the patient動名詞短語做表語29 The girl is

15、 very pretty.這女孩很漂亮。The girl主語，名詞very pretty.形容詞，表語30 He went mad他瘋了。He主語，代詞 mad形容詞，表語31 Please don t get angry請不要生氣。祈使何，缺少主語，get做系動詞，后邊的做表語32 The weather is getting colder and colde求變的越來越冷了, The weather 主語, 名詞colder and colder形容詞短語做表語，形容詞比較級 and形容詞比較級表示 一個漸變的過程。33 You look angry 你生氣了。You主語，代詞angry形

16、容詞，表語34 She looks like her mother她看起來象她媽媽。She主語，名詞her mother名詞，表語35 You look unhappy, what' s the matter?爾看起來不高興，怎么了。 You 主語， 名詞unhappy形容詞，表語36 Those roses smell goo拉些玫瑰花聞起來很香 。Those rosesi語，名詞 good形容詞，表語37 This tastes nice. What s in it? 這東西嘗起來不錯，它里邊包的什么？This 代詞，主語nice 形容詞，表語38 Do you feel happ

17、y? 感覺快樂么。Do you feel happy? 一般疑問旬，do助動詞提前，you主語，代詞，happy形容 詞，表語39 He remained silent他保持沉默。He 主語，代詞silent 形容詞，表語40 The weather is going to stay fin膜氣將持續(xù)晴朗。The weather 主語，名詞fine 形容詞，表語41 M y job is teaching English.我的工作是教英語。M y job 主語，名詞English 名詞，表語42 She is at home 她在家呢。She主語，代詞at home介詞短語做表語43 I fe

18、el terrible.我感覺很可怕。I 主語，代詞terrible 形容詞，表語44 He is older than he looks 他比看上去要老。He主語，代詞 older than he 100ks表語，形容詞短語45 He seems interested in the book他似乎對這本書感興趣。He主語，代詞the book名詞，表語46 The story sounds interesting 這個故事聽起來有趣。The story主語，名詞interesting形容詞，表語47 The desk feels hard書桌摸起來很硬。The desk主語，名詞 hard形

19、容詞，表語48 The cake tastes nice 餅嘗起來很香。The cake名詞，主語 nice形容詞，表語49 The flowers smell sweet and nice 花聞起來香甜。The flowers主語，名詞 sweet and nice并列形容詞做表語50 You have grown taller than before 你長得比以前高了。You主語，代詞taller than before形容詞短語做表語51 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。He主語，代詞 川形容詞做表語52 He stood quite still.他靜靜地站看。He主語，代詞still形容詞做表語53 He becomes a teacher.他當了教師。He主語，代詞 a teacher名詞做表語54 He looks well.他面色好。He 主語，代詞 well 形容詞做表語55 It sounds nice這個聽起來不錯。It主語，代詞nice形容詞做表語56 I feel good.我感覺好。I主語，代詞good形容詞做表語57 The egg smells ba抵個雞蛋難聞。The egg主語，名詞bad形容詞做表語58 He