ving用法及練習(xí)題

1、v-ing 的用法一. -ing分詞的構(gòu)成 -ing分詞是由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。-ing分詞同樣有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表幾種形式（以do為例）： 一般式 完成式主動形式 doing having done被動形式 being done having been done-ing分詞的否定形式是由not 加-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他沒來

2、使我們大家都很生氣。二. -ing分詞的一般式和完成式： -ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行的動作；完成式表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作為一個學(xué)生，他對書本很感興趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因為沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他考試不及格。三. -ing分詞的被動式： -ing分詞的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing分詞動作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，

3、-ing分詞的被動式有一般被動式(being done)和完成被動式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他從來沒談起過他被記者采訪的事情。Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.被老師批評以后，他把煙戒了。注意：在need, want, require, be w

4、orth等動詞(短語)后，作賓語的-ing分詞常用主動形式來表示被動含義。如：Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。This book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得一看。四. -ing分詞的語法作用 -ing分詞一方面具有動詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當于一個名詞或形容詞、副詞，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語等。 1. ing分詞（短語）作主語：Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 產(chǎn)卵是蟻后

5、的專職工作。Saying is easier than doing. 說比做容易。在下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，-ing分詞也作主語。為了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主語，而把真實主語放在句末。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作無益的后悔是沒有用的。It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辯論這事是浪費時間。在There is no結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用-ing分詞。如：There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。There is no holding back the

6、 wheel of history. 歷史車輪不可阻擋。2. -ing分詞（短語）作表語。 用來說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。例如：The book is very interesting. 這本書很有趣。 表示抽象概念的動作。例如：Seeing is believing. 眼見為實?！咎貏e提醒】動名詞作表語時與進行時態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但意義不同。His job is cleaning the room. 他的工作是打掃房間。（動名詞短語cleaning the room作表語，說明主語job的任務(wù)）He is cleaning the room. 他在打掃房間。（現(xiàn)在分詞cleaning 與is

7、一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時，作謂語，說明主語he正在做的動作。）3. -ing分詞作賓語：ing分詞作動詞賓語。如：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建議用另一種方法做這件事。We enjoy attending Miss Li's class. 我們喜歡聽李老師的課。-ing分詞作賓語也可用在復(fù)合賓語中作真正的賓語，而用it作形式賓語。如：I dont think it possible living in such a cold place.我認為住在這么寒冷的地方是不可能的。Do you consider it any good trying

8、 again? 你覺得再試一次會有好處嗎？-ing分詞作介詞賓語，經(jīng)常用在一些短語的后面。如：I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反對邀請他來吃飯。They dont feel like walking that much. 他們不喜歡走那么多路。He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter. 他去了倫敦，希望能成為一個著名的畫家。 此類短語還有很多。如：look forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以自豪）, be responsible for（對負責(zé)）

9、, insist on（堅持）, think of（考慮，想到）, dream of（夢想）, object to（反對，抗議）, hear of（聽說）, preventfrom（防止，阻止）, keepfrom（防止，阻止）, stopfrom（防止，阻止）, be engaged in（從事于）, depend on（依靠，依賴）, thankfor（因而道謝）, excusefor（因而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devoteto（獻身于）, set about（著手做）, be/get used to（習(xí)慣于）, be fond of（喜歡）, be afraid of（害

10、怕）, be tired of（對厭煩）, succeed in（成功地做）, be interested in（對感興趣）, be ashamed of（對感到羞愧）等等。 注意：在有些句子中，介詞?？墒∪?。如：I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.我在和外國人交談方面沒有什么困難。He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 過去他?；ê芏鄷r間玩游戲。What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我們結(jié)婚？

11、另外，-ing分詞可以和一些介詞如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等構(gòu)成短語，在句中作狀語。如：He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句話也沒說就提前離開了。Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做飯和縫紉以外，她還要照顧四個孩子。On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 聽到這個消息后，所有的學(xué)生

12、都高興得跳了起來。4. -ing分詞作定語：單個的分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞的前面。如：reading room 閱覽室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐車sleeping car 臥車 singing competition 歌詠比賽 waiting room 候車室a waiting car 一輛等待著的車 a sleeping child一個酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飛魚the exciting news令人振奮的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出-ing分詞短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，也相當于一個定語從句。如：Who is th

13、e comrade standing by the door? 站在門邊的同志是誰？They lived in a house facing south. 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。ing分詞還可以作非限制性定語，相當于一個非限制性定語從句，常用逗號和句子其它部分分開。如:The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself. 歌詞一般講當前的工作，大部分是他自己寫的。When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat,

14、ran to her with joy. 當她出現(xiàn)的時候，約翰穿著一件又臟又破的大衣高興地跑了過去。5. -ing分詞做狀語： -ing分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。-ing分詞短語作時間狀語，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時可由連詞when, while引出。如：While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.他一邊看書，一邊不時地點頭。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。-ing分詞短語作原因狀語，相當于一

15、個原因狀語從句。如：Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因為非常激動，那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。ing分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如：His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, break

16、ing it into pieces. 她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。-ing分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。如：They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他們在那兒站了半小時，觀察著天上的星星。Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。 -ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當于一個狀語從句。如：A person s

17、tanding at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. 一個人如站在大山的腳下會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。 注：-ing分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語。“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+-ing分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況或時間、原因等。如：His hair became grey with the years passing. 隨著時間的推移

18、，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。6. -ing分詞作補語：-ing分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等動詞后面和一個名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補語。如：I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下車

19、的時候注意到一個男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來。Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop. 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個小孩在偷東西。上面這類句子也可變成被動語態(tài)，這時，-ing分詞可看成是主語補語。如：We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 讓我們等了好長時間。Mary was never heard singing that song again. 人們再也沒有聽到瑪麗唱這首歌了。五. -ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： -ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常由物主代

20、詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格+-ing分詞構(gòu)成，在句子開頭時必須用物主代詞和名詞所有格，通常在句中作主語和賓語。如：His coming made us very happy. 他的到來使我們大家都很高。He was awakened by someones knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲門聲吵醒了。1. ing分詞作主語和表語時與不定式的區(qū)別： -ing分詞和動詞不定式作主語和表語的主要區(qū)別在于：在表示比較抽象的一般的多次性行為時多用-ing分詞；在表示具體的或一次性的動作，特別是將來的動作時，多用不定式。如：Smoking is forbidden

21、 here. （泛指吸煙）這里禁止吸煙。Its not good for you to smoke so much.（指你吸煙）吸這么多煙對你的身體不好。My job is teaching. 我的工作是教書。My job is to teach you English this term. 我這一學(xué)期的工作是教你們英語。2. 高中階段能接-ing分詞作賓語的常見動詞：mind（介意）, suggest（建議）, enjoy（欣賞，）, admit（承認）, appreciate（感激，欣賞）, avoid（避免）, delay（推遲）, dislike（不喜歡，厭惡）, escape（逃脫）

22、, finish（完成）, forgive（寬?。? imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（錯過）, practise（訓(xùn)練）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒險）, deny（拒絕，否認）, consider（考慮）等。3. 有些動詞既能接不定式，又能接-ing分詞，含義有所不同。如：forget, remember, regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動作后于謂語動作，而后接-ing分詞作賓語表示分詞動作先于謂語動作。如：Do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見過我嗎？Remember to lock the doo

23、r when you leave. 離開時要記得鎖門。動詞mean, stop, try, go on等動詞后面接分詞和接不定式作賓語，意思也有所不同。如：I try not to think about that. 我盡量不去想那件事。Would you please try doing that again? 請你再試一次好嗎？I mean to change it for another one. 我想換成另外一個。Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 誤了這班車就意味著再等一個小時。Having finished the e

24、xercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.做完練習(xí)以后，我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)下一單元的單詞。After a short rest, they went on working. 短暫地休息以后，他們又繼續(xù)工作。He stopped talking when the bell rang. 鈴響的時候，他停止了講話。While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. 工作的時候，他不時地停下來和湯姆談話。注意：有時人們把stop后的動詞不定式理解為目的狀語。動詞allow,

25、advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分詞作賓語，不可以接動詞不定式作賓語，但可接不定式作賓語補語。如：Please permit me to say a few words. 請允許我說幾句話。We dont permit smoking here. 我們這兒不允許吸煙。動詞need, require, want作“需要”解時，后面接-ing分詞或不定式的被動式。如：The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 這個房間需要打掃。These little children require looking after carefully/

26、to be looked after carefully.這些小孩需要細心地照料。動詞like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性動作，多用-ing分詞；如指特定的具體的某次動作，多用不定式。如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim with you.我喜歡游泳，但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去學(xué)校。I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里。動詞begin, start后面，如表示有意識地開始做某事，常用-ing分

27、詞，否則用不定式更多一些。如：We began to do that job last year. 我們?nèi)ツ觊_始做那工作的。 They started talking about the film at once. 他們立刻開始談?wù)撃遣侩娪?。注：下面幾種情況多用不定式作賓語：a. 當start, begin本身用于進行時態(tài)時。 When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents. 老師走進教室的時候，他正開始寫信給他的父母親。b. 當start, begin后接表示心理活動的動詞時。Heari

28、ng the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem. 一聽到消息，他就開始考慮一個好辦法來解決這個問題。c. 當句子的主語是無生命的東西時。We were about to leave when it began to rain. 我們正準備離開，天開始下雨了。4. -ing分詞作表語的兩種不同含義： -ing分詞作表語可以表示主語的內(nèi)容是什么。如：Their job is building houses. 他們的工作是蓋房子。The real question is getting to know the n

29、eeds of the people.真正的問題是了解人民的需要。-ing分詞作表語還可以表示主語所具有的特征。如：This story is very interesting. 這故事很有趣。The problem is quite puzzling. 這個問題很令人困惑。5. -ing分詞作定語的兩種不同含義： ing分詞作定語可用來說明被修飾的名詞的用途和性能。如：reading material 閱讀材料 walking stick手杖 fishing pole魚桿flying suit 飛行服 writing table 寫字臺 listening practic聽力訓(xùn)練-ing分詞

30、作定語還可以表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動作或當時的狀態(tài)。如：developing countries = countries that are developing 發(fā)展中國家a growing city = a city that is growing 發(fā)展著的城市an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起來很普通的房子a touching story = a story that is touching 一個動人的故事working people=

31、 people who are working 勞動人民6. 不定式和-ing分詞作賓語補語的區(qū)別： 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官動詞后，既可用-ing分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。用-ing分詞時，表示動作正在進行；用不定式時，表示動作發(fā)生了，即動作的全過程結(jié)束了。如：Do you hear someone knocking at the door? (Someone is knocking at the door.) 有人在敲門你聽見了嗎？Do you hear someone knock at the door?

32、 (Someone knocked at the door just now.) 你聽見有人敲門了嗎？7. 高中階段常見的帶介詞to的短語，后接-ing分詞或名詞。如：admit to（承認）, contribute to（捐助、貢獻）, get down to（著手做）, give way to（讓位于），keep to （堅持、遵守）, lead to （導(dǎo)致）,look forward to（期待）, take to（從事）, turn to （求助于）, stick to（忠于、堅持）, point to（指向、表明）, see to （注意、處理）, be used to （習(xí)慣于）

33、, devote oneself to （獻身于）, be equal to （勝任的、等于）, be familiar to （為熟悉）. 高中階段有一些固定的-ing分詞短語，如generally speaking（一般來說）, judging from（根據(jù)來判斷）, considering（考慮到）, talking of（談到，提到）, supposing（假如）等，它們的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致。這種短語可以被稱之為句子的狀語，也可當作一個插入語。如：Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.從他的口音看他一定來自加拿大。

34、Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free. 考慮到他是多么的窮，我們決定讓他免費聽音樂會。動詞-ing形式練習(xí)一、單項選擇1. As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate _ now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard2. The t

35、eacher didnt feel like _ hem on the spot.A. correct B. correcting C. to correct D. corrected3. With the old man _ the way, we had no trouble in _ that cave. A. leads, find B. leading, finding C. led, to find D. was leading, found4. I remember _ for the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to pay B

36、. paying C. to have paid D. being paid5. He was seen _ out. A. go B. to go C. went D. goes6. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside. A. live B. to live C. to living D. living7. We dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking8. Im looking forward to _ from you soon.

37、 A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard9. She doesnt mind _ at home alone though she may feel lonely. A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. to be left10. People from all the corners came to the city, _ it very crowded. A. to make B. and making C. made D. making11. _ all the time is the key to _ p

38、rogress in English. A. Practise, making B. To practise, making C. Practise, make D. To practise, make12. Only one of these books is _. A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading13. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was g

39、rowing D. to grow14. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest15._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received16. European football is pl

40、ayed in 80 countries, _ it the popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make17. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct18. _ at the door before entering please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock19. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.