直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)專講與專練

1、1直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)【學(xué)習(xí)指南】直接引語(yǔ)就是直接地引用或復(fù)述別人的話，并放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。間接引語(yǔ)則是說(shuō)話人用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述他人的原話， 被轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。 間接引語(yǔ)是說(shuō)話者站在自己的角度進(jìn)行 轉(zhuǎn)述，因此，不同的直接引語(yǔ)要用不同的句式來(lái)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述，且直接引語(yǔ)中的代詞、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)以及時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都要有相應(yīng)的變化，部分引述動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也需做適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整。這些變化有一定的規(guī)則， 但在具體運(yùn)用時(shí)往往呈現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的情況。本章的學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)是要掌握陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句等由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)最基本的規(guī)則，特別是特殊 疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的詞序變化、時(shí)態(tài)的前后呼應(yīng)以及規(guī)則以外的不同變化。準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行直接引語(yǔ)和間

2、接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換有助于我們準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行交際。而且要在時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、時(shí)間、一、直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在將直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，不僅句式上要有變化, 地點(diǎn)等方面作相應(yīng)的變化。1、引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)的句式變化不同的直接引語(yǔ)句式，如：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句，轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要遵 循一定的句式轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則，還要注意根據(jù)句意，使用適當(dāng)?shù)囊鰟?dòng)詞。(1) 陳述句的間接引語(yǔ)將陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)，通常用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)。連詞that在不引起歧義的情況下可以省略。弓I述分句的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有say和tell等?！拘√俊块g接引語(yǔ)中不用say tosb,要用tell sb來(lái)引述。He said, I caug

3、ht a cold yesterday.”他說(shuō)：“我昨天感冒了?！盚e said (that) he had caught a cold the day before.他說(shuō)他前天感冒了。Helen said to me, I m tired of taking such exams.海倫說(shuō)：“我討厭參加這種考試。”Hele n told me (that) she was tired of tak ing such exams.海倫說(shuō)她討厭參加這種考試?！军c(diǎn)津坊】 在下列情況下，往往要保留that。 that的省略會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。Linda said disappointedly that whe

4、n she arrived at the station, the train had already left.琳達(dá)很失望地說(shuō)，她到達(dá)車站時(shí)火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。(如不用that, when狀語(yǔ)從句既可以理解為修飾said,又可以理解為修飾 had left) 當(dāng)引述動(dòng)詞后面不止跟一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)that不能省略。He said (that) he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year.他說(shuō)他下周要到歐洲去并在那里呆半年。(第二個(gè)that不能省略)(2) 疑

5、問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)【小帖士】引述詞say to on eself常改 成 wonder。I said to myself, Am I fit for the job? ”I wondered if I was fit for the job.我不知道我是否 能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。直接引語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)后，叫做間接問(wèn) 句。弓I述的動(dòng)詞常用 ask, inquire, wonder, want to know 等。 間接問(wèn)句的詞序一般都用正常詞序， 句末不用問(wèn)號(hào)，用句號(hào)。 一般疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo),某些表示請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成間接祈使句。I

6、asked him, “ Are you satisfied with the results?我問(wèn)他：“你對(duì)這結(jié)果滿意嗎？”I asked him whether he was satisfied with the results. 我問(wèn)他對(duì)這結(jié)果是否滿意。Did you go to the British Museum yesterday? ” asked Kate.凱特問(wèn)：“你昨天有沒(méi)有去大英博物館？”Kate asked me if I had gone to the British Museum the day before.凱特問(wèn)我昨天有沒(méi)有去大英博物館。The old man s

7、aid to a passer-by,“ Will you tell me the way to get to the Great Wall Hotel?那位老人跟一位過(guò)路人說(shuō)：“請(qǐng)問(wèn)到長(zhǎng)城飯店的路怎么走。”The old man asked a passer-by to tell him the way to the Great Wall Hotel.那位老人請(qǐng)一位過(guò)路人告訴他去長(zhǎng)城飯店的路。 選擇疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)為選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用連詞 whether/ifor引導(dǎo)。He said, “ Are you in terested in En glish or not?”他說(shuō)：“你是否對(duì)

8、英語(yǔ)感興趣 ？”He asked (me) whether I was interested in English or not.他問(wèn)我是否對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。“ Do you like Chinese food or Japanese food?” he asked.他問(wèn)：“你喜歡中國(guó)食物還是日本食物？”He asked whether / if I liked Chinese food or Japanese food.他問(wèn)我喜歡中國(guó)食物還是日本食物。 特殊疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)?！?Whado you do in your free tim

9、e ?” he asked me.他問(wèn)我：“你業(yè)余時(shí)間干什么？”He asked me what I did in my free time.他問(wèn)我業(yè)余時(shí)間做什么?！?Why did shego to America ? Paul asked.保羅問(wèn)：“她為什么去美國(guó)？”P(pán)aul asked why she had gone to America.保羅問(wèn)她為什么去了美國(guó)?！拘√俊俊?What s the matter with yoi和 “ Whaf s wrong with you改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)詞序不變。He asked me what was wrong with me.他問(wèn)我出什么事了

10、。He asked me what was the matter with me. 他問(wèn)我怎么了。(3) 祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)后，叫間接祈使句。 祈使句表示命令時(shí)，要把直接引語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞say變成comma nd, order, tell等動(dòng)詞，被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分改為動(dòng)詞不定式。否定祈使句改為not to do結(jié)構(gòu)?！?Stay where you are, ” she said.她說(shuō)：“呆在原地?！盨he told me to stay where I was.她告訴我呆在原地?！?Don t smoke in the room, ” he said.他說(shuō)：“別在房間里抽

11、煙?！盚e told me not to smoke in the room. 她叫我別在房間里抽煙。 祈使句表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，常把直接引語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞say變成ask, beg, request, urge等動(dòng)詞。She said to me, “Please wait till I return, will you? ” 她說(shuō)：“請(qǐng)你一直等到我回來(lái)，好嗎？” She begged me to wait till she returned. 她請(qǐng)求我一直要等到她回來(lái)。 以Let開(kāi)頭的祈使的句，通常將引述動(dòng)詞改為suggest,然后再接that從句。John said to Bill, “Letsgo h

12、iking tomorrow. ”約翰對(duì)比爾說(shuō), “我們明天去徒步旅行吧。 ”John suggestedto Bill that they (should) go hiking the next day. 約翰向比爾提議第二天去徒步旅行。(4) 感嘆句的間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句, 變成間接引語(yǔ)后,叫做間接感嘆句。間接感嘆句多采用賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié) 構(gòu)，既可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)，還可以根據(jù)句子表達(dá)的不同感情選用適當(dāng) 的動(dòng)詞和狀語(yǔ)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換。He said,“What a beautiful viet wis ! ”他說(shuō)：“多么漂亮的景色！ ”He said that it was a

13、 very beautiful view.他說(shuō)景色非常漂亮。He cried out what a beautiful view it was.他大聲說(shuō)這景色是多么地漂亮。She often says, “What a great country China is!”她常說(shuō)：“中國(guó)是一個(gè)多么偉大的國(guó)家！ ”She often says that China is a very great country. 她常說(shuō)中國(guó)是一個(gè)非常偉大的國(guó)家。She often remarks with admiration (that) China is a great country. 她常常贊賞地說(shuō)中國(guó)多么偉

14、大(5) 并列句和復(fù)合句的間接引語(yǔ)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容為并列句或復(fù)合句, 或有兩種以上的句子時(shí), 應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的句式來(lái)選擇不 同的引述動(dòng)詞和連接詞。He said, “Itold her to wait, but she went away. ” 他說(shuō)：“我告訴她等一下,但她還是走了。He said ( that ) he had told her to wait but that she went away. 他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)告訴她等一下,但她還是走了。She said, “It is cold here. Is the window shut? ”她說(shuō)：“這兒很冷。窗 戶關(guān)了嗎？”She said tha

15、t it was cold there and asked if the window was shut.她說(shuō)那兒很冷,并問(wèn)窗 戶是否關(guān)了。Fenwick said to me, “Go and see Robin. He will tell you everything you want to know. ” 芬威克對(duì)我說(shuō)：“去看看羅賓吧,他會(huì)告訴你想要知道的事情。 ”Fenwick advised me to go and see Robin, and said that he would tell me everything I wanted to know.芬威克建議我去看羅賓,因?yàn)樗?/p>

16、會(huì)告訴我想要知道的事情。二、引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)的各種相應(yīng)變化 直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)除了有句式的變化外, 還要掌握動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、人稱代詞、指示代 詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和詞序的變化。（1）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化 如果引述動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞可以保持原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。He says,I have bee n writi ng a no vel.”他說(shuō)：“我一直在寫(xiě)一本小說(shuō)?！盚e saysthat he has been writi ng a no vel.他說(shuō)他一直在寫(xiě)一本小說(shuō)。如果引述動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間就要往后推，即現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推至過(guò)去時(shí)間, 過(guò)去時(shí)間推至過(guò)去的過(guò)去，將來(lái)時(shí)間推至過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間。具體

17、變化見(jiàn)下表：直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)The teacher said, You are doing OK.”老師說(shuō)：“你們干得很不錯(cuò)。”The teacher said we were doing OK.老師說(shuō)我們干得很不錯(cuò)。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）I asked her,“ WAvee/ou spent your holiday? ”我問(wèn)她：“你去哪里度假了？”I asked her where she had spe

18、nt her holiday.我問(wèn)她去哪里度假了。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)）She said, wenlt to Shan ghai. ”她說(shuō)：“我去過(guò)上海?！盨he said that she had gone to Shan ghai.她說(shuō)她去過(guò)上海。（過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)）He said,had finished my work before 10 o clock. ”他說(shuō)：“我在十點(diǎn)鐘前就完成工作了?！盚e said that he had finished his work before 10 o. clock.他說(shuō)他在十點(diǎn)鐘前就完成工作了。（過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變）The mayor s

19、aid: “ Thepeople of Beijing will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and fans from all over the world.”這位市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)：“北京人民將準(zhǔn)備點(diǎn)燃奧運(yùn)火炬來(lái)迎接來(lái)自全世界的運(yùn)動(dòng)員和運(yùn)動(dòng)迷?！盩he mayor said that the people of Beijing would be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and fans from all over the

20、world.這位市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)北京人民將準(zhǔn)備點(diǎn)燃奧運(yùn)火炬來(lái)迎接來(lái)自全世界的運(yùn)動(dòng)員和運(yùn)動(dòng)迷。（將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)）（2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的變化在間接引語(yǔ)中，有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去式，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)仍用原來(lái)的形式，或用其它表示法。直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)must （必然）（推測(cè)）mustmustn t禁止）mustn tmust （必須）had to/ would have toshallshouldshouldshouldwillwouldwouldwouldmaymightmightmightcancouldcouldcoulddaredaredn eedn eedought toought toHe sa

21、id, I remllystgo. ”他說(shuō)：“我一定得走了。”He said that he really must go.他說(shuō)他一定得走了。Must we hand in our exercise this after noon? ” he asked.他問(wèn)：“我們得 今天下午 交作業(yè)嗎？”He asked if they had to hand in the exercise that after noon.他問(wèn)他們是否 那天下午得交作業(yè)?！?Yoineed not take an umbrella with y ou, ” he said.他說(shuō)：“你不用帶雨傘?！盚e said that

22、 I need not take an umbrella with me.他說(shuō)我不用帶雨傘?！军c(diǎn)津坊】因?yàn)槿朔Q發(fā)生了變化，在直接引語(yǔ)中可用shall或should，而在間接引語(yǔ)中則用would?！?Should be glad to come. ”“我會(huì)很愿意來(lái)的?！盚e said he would be glad to come. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)很愿意來(lái)。(3) 人稱代詞的變化人稱代詞的變化要以轉(zhuǎn)述者的立場(chǎng)作適當(dāng)?shù)母淖?。改變方式通常與漢語(yǔ)基本相同，即第一、三人稱轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱；第二人稱轉(zhuǎn)換成第一、三人稱。m fond of surfingthe Internet, ” he said.他說(shuō)：“我喜

23、歡網(wǎng)上沖浪。”He said he was fond of surfi ng the Intern et.他說(shuō)他喜歡網(wǎng)上沖浪。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation,” . the teacher said老師說(shuō)：“你應(yīng)該更注意你的發(fā)音?！盩he teacher said that I should pay more atte nti on to my pronun ciati on.老師說(shuō)我應(yīng)該更注意我的發(fā)音?！拘√俊?但如果說(shuō)話人引述自己的話，人稱代詞不必改動(dòng)。I said, I had a good time at the

24、 party. 我說(shuō)：“我在晚會(huì)上玩得很開(kāi)心。”I said that I had had a good time at the party. 我說(shuō)我在晚會(huì)上玩得很開(kāi)心。(4) 指示代詞的變化在間接引語(yǔ)中，指示代詞this轉(zhuǎn)換成that，these轉(zhuǎn)換成those。He said, “ Please shovthiseone. ”他說(shuō)：“請(qǐng)拿這個(gè)給我看一下?！盚e asked me to show him that one.他要我拿那個(gè)給他看一下。He said, “I d like tbesaesunglasses.”他說(shuō)：“我想看這些太陽(yáng)鏡”He said that he wan ted

25、to see those sun glasses. 他說(shuō)他想看那些太陽(yáng)鏡。(5) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)不同，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)存在著較多的變化。直接引語(yǔ)todaythis morning/ after noon/eve ning yesterdayyesterday morning /after noon etc. the day before yesterday tomorrowthe day after tomorrown ext week / month / year etc.last ni ght / month / year, etc.two weeks /

26、mon ths / years agonow so far in 1990 here間接引語(yǔ)that daythat morning / after noon / evening the day before, the previous day the previous morning / after noon etc.the morning before, the afternoon before two days beforethe next day, the following day in two days time, two days after the next week / mo

27、nth / year, etc.the follow ing week / month / year etc. the previous ni ght / month / year etc.the night before, the month before etc.the weeks before, two mon ths before the nby thenin 1990there“ we leave here tomorrow, ” he said. 他說(shuō)：“我們明天離開(kāi)這里。”He said that they would leave there the next day. 他說(shuō)他們

28、將在第二天離開(kāi)那里?！癐 met hm the day before yesterday, ” she said. 她說(shuō)：“我前天遇見(jiàn)過(guò)他?！盨he said that she had met him two days before. 她說(shuō)她前兩天遇見(jiàn)過(guò)他。(6) 間接引語(yǔ)的詞序變化 直接引語(yǔ)為疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)要把倒裝詞序變?yōu)檎Ｔ~序。He asked, “ How these differences come abou?” 他問(wèn)：“這些不同之處是如何產(chǎn)生的？”He asked how those differences had come about 他問(wèn)那些不同之處是如何產(chǎn)生的?！?Wha

29、ts adventure travel ? ” he asked.他問(wèn)：“冒險(xiǎn)旅游是什么？”He asked what adventure travel was.他問(wèn)什么是冒險(xiǎn)旅游?！驹囶}播報(bào)】No one can be surein a millio n years.A. what man will look likeB. what will man look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like【分析】本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的詞序。賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞為what，充當(dāng)介詞like的賓語(yǔ)，先排除C項(xiàng)。B和D的詞序仍是疑問(wèn)句的倒裝

30、詞序。故本題正確答案是A。二. 引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)要遵循一些最基本的規(guī)則，特別是時(shí)態(tài)的前后呼應(yīng)及人稱代 詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化。掌握好一些“變化”和“不變化”的規(guī)則，有助于準(zhǔn)確地 進(jìn)行交際。1、時(shí)態(tài)不用變化如果引述動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去式時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的形式則在下列情況下不用變化： 直接引語(yǔ)如果是表達(dá)客觀真理、格言時(shí)。He said,“ Well disrbetter than well said.他說(shuō)：說(shuō)得好不如做得好?！盚e said that well do ne is better than well said. 他說(shuō)說(shuō)得好不如做得好。 直接引語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如是虛擬

31、語(yǔ)氣，變成間接引語(yǔ)后仍用原來(lái)形式。I advise that yoistopsmoking, ” thloctor said.醫(yī)生說(shuō)：我勸你戒煙?！盩he doctor advised that he stop smok ing.醫(yī)生勸他戒煙。 直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)可不變。He told me, Jurassic Park was made by Spielberg in 1993. ” 他告訴我：侏羅紀(jì)公園是斯 皮爾伯格于1993年拍攝的?！盚e told me that Jurassic Park was made by Spielberg in 佃93.

32、他告訴我侏羅紀(jì)公園是斯 皮爾伯格于1993年拍攝的。 直接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為過(guò)去時(shí)形式，引語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)通常不變。Mr. Smith said,“ Whevedein that city, we often met each other. ”史密斯先生說(shuō)：“當(dāng)我們住在那個(gè)城市時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面。”Mr. Smith said that when they lived in that city they had often met each other.史密斯先生說(shuō)當(dāng)他們住在那個(gè)城市時(shí)，他們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面。 當(dāng)引語(yǔ)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在仍然存在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可不用變化。Our teache

33、r said,-travEbos a form of travel that comb ines no rmal tourism with lear ning.我們老師說(shuō)：“生態(tài)旅游是一種結(jié)合一般旅游和學(xué)習(xí)的旅游?！監(jiān)ur teacher said that eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.我們老師說(shuō)生態(tài)旅游是一種結(jié)合一般旅游和學(xué)習(xí)的旅游。 當(dāng)引述動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式時(shí)，引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)不須改動(dòng)。He says, I have accepted her invitation他說(shuō)：“我已經(jīng)

34、接受她的邀請(qǐng)了?！盚e saysthat he has acceptedher in vitatio n.他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)接受她的邀請(qǐng)了。2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)不用變化 如果說(shuō)話時(shí)間和引述時(shí)間相同（如同一天，同一月等），時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可不變。I finished writing my paper yesterday, ” he satdday.他今天說(shuō)：“我昨天寫(xiě)完論文了。 ”He told me today that he finished writing the paper yesterday.他今天說(shuō)他昨天寫(xiě)完論文了。 轉(zhuǎn)述的地點(diǎn)不變時(shí)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)here不必改為there。He said, “I e

35、njoy my steye.”他說(shuō)：“我在這里逗留期間玩得很開(kāi)心?！盚e said that he enjoyed his stay here.他說(shuō)他在這里逗留期間玩得很開(kāi)心。3、引述動(dòng)詞的變化為了讓表達(dá)更豐富多彩一些，引述動(dòng)詞除了常見(jiàn)的tell, ask, say外，根據(jù)不同句式還可以選用下列動(dòng)詞:句式常見(jiàn)的引述動(dòng)詞祈使句表請(qǐng)求ask, beg, request表命令comma nd, order, tell表建議suggest, advise表提醒remi nd表提供幫助offer疑問(wèn)句一般語(yǔ)體ask, won der, want to know正式語(yǔ)體inquire / enquire感

36、嘆句cry, shout, exclaim, call out, admit, wish陳述句帶雙賓語(yǔ)（可用for改寫(xiě)）bring, buy, choose, cook, do, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play, reach, save, spare帶雙賓語(yǔ)（可用to改寫(xiě)）bring, deny, do, give, grant, hand, lead, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, return, sell, send, show, take, tell, t

37、hrow, writeThe boy said to his mother,I II never smoke again.”那男孩子對(duì)他母親說(shuō)：“今后我決不再吸煙了。 ”The boy promised his mother n ever to smoke aga in.那男孩向他母親保證不再吸煙。Call the police, Sean, ” haid.他說(shuō)：“肖恩，叫警察。”He ordered Sea n to call the police.他命令肖恩叫警察。（表命令的祈使句）“ Don t forget to buy me some ketchup on your way home

38、,” said Mother.媽媽說(shuō)：“別忘了在回家的路上幫我買些番茄汁?！癕other reminded me not to forget to buy her some ketchup on my way home.媽媽提醒我別忘了在回家路上幫她買些番茄汁。（表提醒的祈使句）“ Shall I post these letters for you?” he asked.他問(wèn)：“要我?guī)兔Π堰@些信寄出去嗎？”He offered to post those letters for me.他提出要幫我寄出那些信。（表提供幫助的祈使句）“ Does she really mean it?” he

39、asked.他問(wèn)：“她真的是這個(gè)意思嗎？”He wondered / wanted to know whether/ if she really meant it.他想知道她是否真的是這意思。（疑問(wèn)句）4、間接引語(yǔ)的句式變化為了使表達(dá)更生動(dòng)，更準(zhǔn)確，我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)，可注意使用不同的句式，這對(duì)提高我們表達(dá)能力的檔次很有幫助。“ Merry Christmas! ” he said.他說(shuō)：“圣誕快樂(lè)！”He wished me a merry Christmas.他祝我圣誕快樂(lè)?！?Help! ” he cried.他喊道：“救命啊！ “He called for help.他

40、大聲呼救。Mr. Wu said to them,“Youd better make preparations for the exam.吳老師對(duì)他們說(shuō)：“你們最好為考試做準(zhǔn)備。 ”Mr. Wu advised them to make preparations for the exam. 吳老師勸他們?yōu)榭荚囎龊脺?zhǔn)備。He said, “I did break the window. ” 他說(shuō)：“我的確打爛了那個(gè)玻璃窗。 ”He admitted having broken the window. 他承認(rèn)打爛了那個(gè)玻璃窗。“Dont walk on the ice. It isn t safe

41、,”Mother said to us. 媽媽對(duì)我們說(shuō)： “不要在冰上行走，不安全！ ”Mother warned us not to walk on the ice since it wasn t safe. 媽媽告誡我們不要在冰上行走因?yàn)椴话踩?。“Have a cigarette,”he said. “No, thanks, ”I replied. “抽只煙吧？”他說(shuō)。 “不，謝謝！”我回答道。He offered me a cigarette which I refused. 他給我一只煙，我謝絕了?！居?xùn)練大本營(yíng)】一、選擇填空1. He asked for the violin.A. d

42、id I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. Can you make sure the gold ring?A. where Alice has putB. where had Alice putC. where Alice had putD. where has Alice put3. These photos will show you .A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how

43、our village look likeD. how our village looks like4. You can t imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited5. she said suggested that she hadnt decided to go or not.A. What, ifB. That, whethe

44、rC. What, whetherD. What, whichever6. I ll ask my parents .A. whether they will agree to goB. if they let me goC. if they will let me goD. whether they allow me to7. -Do you mind if Jim will come to help?-I really dont know a person like him can help me with.A. whatB. thatC. howD. if8. He asked me i

45、f .A. the train will lateB. the train always arrived lateC. the train arrives on timeD. the train stops here9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the world leading inventor forsixty years.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. was-Where was I?-You you didnA. had saidC. were saying10. -Sorry to have in terrupted you. Please go on.t like your fathers job.B. saidD. had been saying二、把下列直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)1. “ You have done a good job, ” said the teacher.2. He said, “I ll help you with it later.”3. “ Be careful with the dog