直接引語和間接引語用法及練習(xí)(含答案)

1、直接引語和間接引語直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場作相應(yīng)變動。人稱代詞的變動情況要根據(jù)語境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應(yīng)變化，一般情況下，與漢語中的變化相同?？捎涀∫粋€口訣：一主、二賓、三不變 b即第一人稱按照主句中的主語變化，第二人稱按照主句中的賓語變化，第三人稱一般不需要變化。例如： 1) He said, lam glad to see you. II He said that he was glad to see me.2) Dyou know the man over there? Miry said to Tom.t Mary asked Tom if he knew th

2、e man over there.3) Jim said to me, Jandeft her schoolbag at home.IIt Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.2、時態(tài)的變化(1)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時(不變)一般將來時過去將來時般將來進行時過去將來進行時一般將來完成時過去將來完成時如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變間接引語時，從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語改為間接引

3、語時，動詞時態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表：He said, -usually watch TV on Sunday.他說： 我常在星期天看電視。t He said that he usually watched TV on Su nday.他說他常在星期天看電視。He said, m usi ng the kn ife. 他說： 我正在用小刀。IIt He said that he was usi ng the kn ife. 他說他正在用小刀。She said, have not heard from him si nee May.她說：I從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信。IIt She said that

4、she had not heard from him si nee May.她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。He said , came to help you. 他說： 我來幫助你。IIt He said that he had come to help me.他說他來幫助我。注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客觀事實時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。The teacher said,訐he earth is round.I老師說：地球是圓的。IItThe teacher said that the earth isround.老師說地球是圓的。(2 )主

5、句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r(3)如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一律不變He says, Hfinished the work.他說： 我做完工作了。IIHe says that he fini shed the work.他說他做完工作了。He will say, 十have watered the flowers. 他會說： 我己經(jīng)澆花了。IIHe will say he has watered the flowers.他會說他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語的相應(yīng)變化直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/thesethat/those時間狀語no

6、w then todaythat dayths)week (mon th)the)week (month)beforetoni ghtthat ni ghtthis week (month Yesterdaythe day before last week (monthtwo weeks (mon th)agotwo weeks (mon ths)beforetomorrowthe next dayn ext week (monthth® next week (month)地點狀語 herethere動 詞 come-goBring-takeHe said, -My sister w

7、as here three days ago.I他說： 十三天前我妹妹在這兒。IIt He said that his sister had bee n there three days before.他說三天前他妹妹在那兒。(here t there; ago t before)She said,十 will come here this evening.她說：十今晚我將來這兒。IIt She said that she would go there that evening.她說那晚她將去那兒。(come tgo ； here t there ; this t that )以上這些變化，要

8、根據(jù)說話的具體時間和具體地點的情況而定，不可機械照搬。 如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there, come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn) 述，yesterday或tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變。二、當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時直接引語是陳述句時，間接引語用that引導(dǎo)，但在口語中that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。例如： She said to me, -Icame back an hour ago. IItShe said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.三、當(dāng)直接引語是一

9、般疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句時1疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。2、 主句中的謂語動詞為said時，要改為asked ;沒有間接賓語時，可以加一個間接賓語(女口 me， him 等)。3、句末用句號。4、從句中的人稱、動詞時態(tài)和狀語等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。5、 原句若為一般疑問句時，用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述; He said, Areyou interested inEnglish? IIt He asked (me) if /whether I was in terested in En glish.6 .原句若為選擇疑問句時，用whether orMot： orI asked him, Wiy

10、ou stay at home or go to a film toni ght?IIt i asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that ni ght.7.原句若為反意疑問句，則常用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述。 You' vedready got well, haven'tyou? II she asked tShe asked (me) whether/if I had already got well.四、當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句時如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，改為間接引語時，仍用原句中的wh-類的詞引導(dǎo)

11、，其余的變化同直接引語為一般疑問句的情況25條一樣。例如： Whats your name? he asked me. t He asked me what my name was.He asked: Whereare you to get off, Peter? IIt He asked Peter where he was to get off.如果在直接引語的特殊疑問句中，疑問詞作主語或主語的修飾語，則語序不需要變化。例如： Whosqoicture is the most beautiful in yourclass? asked the boy 'father.tThe bo

12、y'sfather asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.五、當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句時直接引語為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)語+asked sb. (not) to do sth. I。1需將原祈使句中謂語動詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否定句，則用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加 not。2、原主句謂語動詞 said須改為asked , told或ordered等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補的及物動詞。ask sb. (not) to do sth.表示客氣)tell sb. (not) to do sth.(

13、命令性強于上面)order sb. (n ot) to do sth.(命令性最強)例如：He said, Don make so much noise. t Hb told us not to make so much noise.3、原句有一please寸，主句謂語多用 asked (請求)，并去掉 please。例如：He said to me, Shuthe window, please. tHe asked me to shut the window.4如果以let開頭的祈使句表示勸告或建議，可用一sugges+ that從句或一suggestloingII來轉(zhuǎn)述。例如： Let g

14、Otothe cinema. Tom said. Tom suggested going to the cinema.t Tom suggested that they should go to the cin ema.六、直接引語是感嘆句時直接引語是感嘆句變間接引語時仍可用what或how引導(dǎo)，詞序不變，也可用 that引導(dǎo),將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。例如：She said, Whata lovely day it is! TShe said what a lovely day it was.t She said that it was a lovely day.He askedfor t

15、he computer.did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. Havyou seen the film ? Ihe asked me. t He asked me.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. Pleasclose the win dow, hellsaid to me. t Hemethe

16、win dow.A. said to; to close B. told to; clos ing C. asked to close D. said to; please close4. Iam a teacher, Jadk said. t He said.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, Mother,the boy is very n aughty. THe - very n aughty.A. said his mother

17、that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was You already got well, haven you? she asked.t She asked.A. if I have already got well, had n ' you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I

18、 already got well.He asked ,Are you a Party member or a League member? IIt He asked me.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.He asked, Howre you gettingalong?

19、T|He asked.A. how am I gett ing along B. how are you getti ng alongC. how I was gett ing along D. how was I gett ing along9. He asked mewith me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. what ' thsmatter D. what was the matterHe said, Don do that aga in. Hellmethat aga in.A. said to me; not t

20、o do B. said to me; don ' doC. told me; don ' doD. told me; not to do11. He askedfor the violi n.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid12. Can you make surethe gold ring?A. where Alice has put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice had put D. where has

21、 Alice put13. These photos will show you .what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how our village look like D. how our village looks likeYou can 'imtagine when they received these nice Christmas presents. A.how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited wer

22、e they D. they were how excited she said suggested that she hadn 'detcided to go or not. A. What, if B. That, whether C. What, whether D. What, whichever16. I 'alslk my parents .A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me goC. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to17. -Do

23、you mind if Jim will come to help?-I reallydon 'kntow a person like him can help me with.A. what B. that C. how D. ifHe asked me if .the train will late B. the train always arrived lateC. the train arrives on time D. the train stops hereIt is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the w

24、orldleading inventor for sixty years.A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was20. -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. -Where was I?-You you didn 'likteyour fatherj'obs.A. had saidB. said C. were sayingD. had been saying31. He asked me I would go to Beijing by air the next day.A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how32. Joyce, pleasedon 'opten the window.Pardon?I o p e n the window.A. tell you don 'tB. tell you not to C. told yo