從句講解分析

1、從 句 考點(diǎn)提示從句考查在高考單項(xiàng)填空中的份量究竟多大？全國(guó)18套試題中，2005年考查從句46小題，2006年42小題，2007年47小題，平均每套試題3小題考查從句的用法?？梢?，在備戰(zhàn)高考的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，從句學(xué)習(xí)是重中之重。2007年考題對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的考查題量分別為443，其中6小題是以what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句。定語(yǔ)從句共考了16小題，8小題含有關(guān)系代詞which。而20個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句就占5個(gè)。何為重點(diǎn)，一目了然。對(duì)比近幾年的從句類試題，發(fā)現(xiàn)其考點(diǎn)覆蓋面廣，難度起伏不很明顯。預(yù)計(jì)在“難度相對(duì)穩(wěn)定”思想指導(dǎo)下的2008考題，不會(huì)讓考生產(chǎn)生兩級(jí)感覺。 解題鑰匙【例1】（20

2、07陜西）8. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A. ThatB. Which C. WhatD. As【解析】整句為陳述句，has為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，前面的主語(yǔ)從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以選C。A、B項(xiàng)前缺先行詞不能構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句，as卻構(gòu)成本句不需要的定語(yǔ)從句?！敬鸢浮緾【例2】（2007山東）22Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales, please? Aanyone Bsomeone Cwhoever Dno matter who 【解析】to后是賓語(yǔ)從

3、句，賓語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，whoever能擔(dān)當(dāng)此任。選AB項(xiàng)有了先行詞，少了關(guān)系代詞。D項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句?！敬鸢浮緾規(guī)律小結(jié) 從句就是作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，表意更全面更豐富的句子。從句從屬于主句，大多由連接詞和主句連接。在主句中作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞的叫名詞從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句），相當(dāng)于形容詞的叫定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于副詞的叫狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞從句的連接詞主要有三類：從屬連詞that、whether、if和只連接表語(yǔ)從句的as ifthough，連接代詞what、whatever、which、whichever、who、whoever、whom、whomever、whose、

4、whosever，連接副詞when、whenever、where、wherever、why、whyever、how soon、how often、how many、how much、how long、how far。一般說來，一個(gè)名詞從句處于主句中什么成分位置便是什么從句。whether相關(guān)用法：whether除不能引導(dǎo)否定賓語(yǔ)從句外，可引導(dǎo)其他所有名詞從句，在不定式前、discuss后、介詞后、與or not直接連用都要用whether，不用if。doubt用于否定疑問句需連用that從句，用于肯定句需連用ifwhether從句。另外句式，Im sure that, Im not sure

5、ifwhether。同位語(yǔ)從句實(shí)質(zhì)上是特殊的定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)前面的名詞代詞補(bǔ)充說明，可用thatwh-結(jié)構(gòu)詞連接，連接詞不省?！纠?】（2007遼寧）24. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company.A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this【解析】此題考查“介詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用法，有一定難度。原句Eric received training in computer for one year and

6、 after that he found a job in a big company，所以很多學(xué)生誤選after that。將該并列句轉(zhuǎn)化為含定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，需去掉and，再把that變成which，這是定語(yǔ)從句的基本要求。學(xué)生受漢語(yǔ)句式“句子，句子，句子”的潛在影響，也是做錯(cuò)此題的另一重要原因?！敬鸢浮緽規(guī)律小結(jié)一個(gè)完整的句子，將其作某種成份的一個(gè)名詞或代詞提前至句首，該詞就變成了先行詞，然后，根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的要求加上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，這樣便轉(zhuǎn)化成定語(yǔ)從句。由此可見，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞一定在從句中充任某種成份，關(guān)系詞的選擇由它在從句中充任的成份和定語(yǔ)從句使用的某些約定所決定

7、。關(guān)系詞選擇的關(guān)鍵是，將先行詞后移能構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)完整句意通達(dá)的獨(dú)立句子。表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因的先行詞作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞必須用that或which，只有作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)才用whenwherewhy或與此等效的“適當(dāng)介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)先行詞為下列情況之一時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只用that：allfewlittlemuchnonesome等名詞；形容詞最高級(jí)序數(shù)詞名詞；人物；everynoanyjustonlyveryright等名詞；疑問詞。當(dāng)主句是以whowhich開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的主要區(qū)別：as從句僅置于句首，which從句可位

8、于句首句中或句尾。as從句只指代整句概念，which從句可指代整句概念或單個(gè)先行詞。主句所述情況在意料之中，用as; 主句所述情況無(wú)論是否出乎意料，無(wú)論是否產(chǎn)生不良后果，均用which。As從句的內(nèi)在含義為“正如”，常和be knownreported, announced, expected, shown連用；which從句多為對(duì)某人的性質(zhì)身份特征的說明，或是對(duì)主句所述情況所產(chǎn)生結(jié)果的補(bǔ)述。as常和the samesuchso等連用，the sameas指同類人或物，the samethat指同一個(gè)人或物。 特殊定語(yǔ)從句：出于結(jié)構(gòu)平衡和表意明確的需要，先行詞與關(guān)系詞之間被介詞短語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)等

9、分隔開來，形成分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。在關(guān)系詞和從句謂語(yǔ)之間插入一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，如I thinkyou think，形成插入式定語(yǔ)從句。兩個(gè)以上的定語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)先行詞，形成多重定語(yǔ)從句。在上述情況下，準(zhǔn)確定位先行詞則顯得尤為重要。另外，有時(shí)可以用“介詞關(guān)系代詞不定式”這種省略式定語(yǔ)從句，使表達(dá)更精煉，其可以轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的完整定語(yǔ)從句?！纠?】（2007湖南）33. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. A. why B. how

10、 C. unless D. where 【解析】句意：多數(shù)鳥類發(fā)現(xiàn)在樹上睡覺很安全，只有在產(chǎn)卵或產(chǎn)仔時(shí)才搭巢。選C項(xiàng)唯一依據(jù)是句意要求。做單選題時(shí)，不少的情況下，無(wú)需對(duì)比詞義區(qū)別，明了句意要求就夠了！【答案】C規(guī)律小結(jié)掌握引導(dǎo)各種狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞及其基本用法。表示時(shí)間：before, after; since, tilluntil; as, when, while, the first time, eacheverytime; once, as soon as, no soonerthan, hardlywhen。表示時(shí)間：where, wherever。表示原因：because, for,

11、 since, as, now that，注意其語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)弱和位置關(guān)系。表示結(jié)果：sothat，suchthat，that。表示條件：if, assofar as, assolong as, once, on condition that, providingprovided（that）,that, in case, supposesupposing, unless。表示目的：for fear that, in case, in order that, lest, so that, that。表示讓步:as, even if, even though, though, although, no m

12、atter wh-,ever, whether（or）, while。表示方式：as if, as though, （just）as。表示比較:asas, not assoas, as（so）, the morethe more。 幾個(gè)從屬連詞的主要用法：since從句中用終止性動(dòng)詞表示主句動(dòng)作持續(xù)了多久，用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示主句動(dòng)作停止了多久。while表示“當(dāng)時(shí)”，從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；可引導(dǎo)“雖然”讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；還可用作并列連詞，表示對(duì)比輕度轉(zhuǎn)折。no soonerthan和hardlywhen使用時(shí)，主句用倒裝語(yǔ)序，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句常用情

13、態(tài)動(dòng)詞。for fear（that）,in case, lest等引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞多用（should）do形式。as if, as though引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句常用相應(yīng)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞形式。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句常用倒裝句。 考點(diǎn)警示 主語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，用If，不用Whether；主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的that不能缺??；多個(gè)并存的賓語(yǔ)從句中的that不可丟。作形式賓語(yǔ)的it和引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that都不省的重點(diǎn)句式要牢記，如see to it that,take it for granted that,feel it an honor that。由“疑問代詞e

14、ver”構(gòu)成的連接代詞，既可引導(dǎo)讓步含義的名詞從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；而“no matter疑問代詞或疑問副詞”類，只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。what從句等于“先行詞關(guān)系代詞”構(gòu)成的定語(yǔ)從句，具有非凡的概括性，是句子的“物化”，而thatwhich引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句甚至是定語(yǔ)從句，都是 “一個(gè)事件”“一個(gè)過程”，絕不能給人“名詞”的感覺。一個(gè)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者，如果能升華到如此高度，想必是難能可貴的，應(yīng)對(duì)what類考題定會(huì)得心應(yīng)手，穩(wěn)操勝券！無(wú)論是哪一類“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，避免犯用them替代whomwhich的錯(cuò)誤。牢固掌握關(guān)系代詞whose和關(guān)系代詞which的正確轉(zhuǎn)換，如He works

15、in a factory ,in whose front there is a riverHe works in a factory ,in front of which there is a riverHe works in a factory ,where there is a river.關(guān)注“介詞which名詞”類定語(yǔ)從句，如（2007江蘇）33. He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. 及I told him to go to a doctor, w

16、hich advice he took. 記清caseconditionsituationpositionstagepoint等作為先行詞時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where。the way在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用in whichthat或省去不用。unlessif not引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，是考查的焦點(diǎn)。另外，還要注意狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。主句和從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，常采用“從屬連詞-ed, -ing, n., adj., prep. phrase”形式，省去主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分；甚至是更簡(jiǎn)單的省略，如if so , if not, what if? where的句法功能極強(qiáng)，考生要會(huì)用它正確引導(dǎo)名詞從句定語(yǔ)從句

17、和狀語(yǔ)從句。 同步訓(xùn)練 1.（2007湖南）28. Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where 2.（2007浙江）5. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are.A. where B. what C. when D. why 3.（2007江蘇）25. Choosing th

18、e right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for.A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether4.（2007上海）40. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A. whenB. whyC. whether D. that5.（2007天津）15.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and

19、 soft sands make _ it is.A. what B. which C. how D. where6.（2007陜西）20.Today, well discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A. whichB. asC. why D. where7.（2007重慶）30.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree_they can be controlled on pu

20、rpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 8.（2007江西）32.After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A. that B. what C. which D. where9.（2007湖南）32. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-ope

21、ning and rewarding. A. who B. which C. what D. that 10.（2007浙江）14. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.A. that B. which C. who D. where 11.（2007安徽）34. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both

22、of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom12.（2007天津）11.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _sight matters more than hearing.A. when B. whose C. which D. where13.（2007遼寧）32. We had to wait half an hour_ we had already booked a table.A. since B. although C. until D. before

23、14.（2007陜西）18.- when has the country been open to international trade?- 1978, I suppose.A. SinceB. InC. From D. After15.（2007陜西）7.Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if , Miss Liu.A. not better thanB. not better C. no better than D. better16.（2007重慶）22.My parents live in a s

24、mall village. They always keep candles in the house_there is a power cut. A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that 17.（2007山東）29 I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. AAs BSince CIf DWhile18.（2007安徽）25. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _.A. that used to

25、be B. it is used toC. it was used to D. it used to be 參考答案 1.【答案】B【解析】作狀語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)中含兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)that絕對(duì)不省。 2.【答案】A【解析】由關(guān)鍵詞downtown及句意決定，后面應(yīng)是與地點(diǎn)有關(guān)的where從句。 3.【答案】A【解析】depends on的賓語(yǔ)從句缺for的賓語(yǔ)，故選A項(xiàng)，這是唯一選擇。4.【答案】D【解析】主句無(wú)疑問之意，放棄ABC項(xiàng)；that引導(dǎo)對(duì)view解釋的表語(yǔ)從句。5.【答案】A【解析】該題為表達(dá)與語(yǔ)法結(jié)合最佳的優(yōu)秀考題！單從語(yǔ)法看似乎都對(duì)，難以找到突破口。據(jù)第一句推第二

26、句句意應(yīng)為Warm sunshine and soft sands make a tourist resort which it is.Warm sunshine and soft sands make what it is. 溫暖的陽(yáng)光和柔軟的沙灘使其成為旅游勝地。a tourist resort whichwhat，明白了嗎？6.【答案】D【解析】cases在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞用where。7.【答案】B【解析】句意：人類和動(dòng)物面部表情的區(qū)別在于，人類能有目的地控制表情。定語(yǔ)從句可還原為they can be controlled to a degree on purpose, theyfacial expressions。8.【答案】D 【解析】先行詞是point，關(guān)系詞用where。9.【答案】B【解析】幫助他人，可以使一個(gè)人不以自己而是以他人為中