動名詞的用法及練習(xí)題

1、動名詞的用法1動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式,由動詞+ing構(gòu)成,否認(rèn)形式為notdoing,具有動詞和名詞的性質(zhì),在句中起名詞作用,可作主語、賓語、表語和定語.1作主語動名詞是由動詞變化而來,所以,動名詞的意義往往是表示某個動作或某件事情.例如：Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的運動Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實.Smokingmaycausecancer.吸煙可能導(dǎo)致癌癥.ComingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.乘火車到杭州要16個小時.Swimmingdevelopsthemuscles.游泳可以開展肌肉.動名詞

2、作主語時,對于一些比擬長的動名詞短語,一般采用Itis?和Thereis兩種句式來表示.例如：Ittakesmetenminutestogethomefrommyoffice.我從辦公室回家要花十分鐘.Itneedstimetomakethreecopiesofit.把它復(fù)制三份需要時間.Itsnicetalkingwithyou.和你談話很快樂.Itsnousearguingwithhim.跟他爭論沒用.Itisnousesendinghimover.Itstoolatealready.派他去沒用,已經(jīng)太晚了.Itwasverydifficultgettingeverythingreadyi

3、ntime.要把一切按時準(zhǔn)備好很困難.Itisnousewaitingforhimanylonger.等他是沒有用的.Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.學(xué)而不實踐是沒好處的.Itisdangeroususingthismethodtomeasurethespeedoflight.用這種方法去測量光速是危險的.Itisworthwhileconsultingyourtutoraboutitagain.很值得再向你的指導(dǎo)老師咨詢一下這個問題.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事開不得玩笑.Thereisnojokingabouts

4、uchmatters.這種事開不得玩笑.Thereisnoharmindoingso.這樣做沒有害處.Thereisnolitteringabout.不許亂扔雜物.2作定語動名詞作定語的情況并不是很普遍,一般只限于單個的動名詞作定語,表readingmaterial閱讀材料floatingneedle浮針listeningaid助聽器runningwater自來水workingpeople勞動人民示用于的或表示處于某件事情中的含義.例如：swimmingpool游泳池walkingstick手杖openingspeech開幕詞waitingroom候車室developingcountries開

5、展中國家sleepingchild熟睡孩子3作表語動名詞作表語的時候,特別要注意：不要與正在進(jìn)行時混淆.動名詞作表語,表達(dá)的是“某件事等.例如：Hispart-timejobispromotingnewproductsforthecompany.動名詞他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產(chǎn)品.Readingisforsurelearning,butapplyingisalsolearningtoagreaterexten動名詞讀書當(dāng)然是學(xué)習(xí),然而運用在很大程度上更是學(xué)習(xí).Theirtaskisexploringoilminesinthewest.動名詞他們的任務(wù)是在西部探查油礦.動名詞作表語,容易與

6、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相混淆.記住：動名詞表語表達(dá)的是“某件事與不定式短語的意義相近,而現(xiàn)在分詞表語表示“具有某個作用.例如：Thesituationisverymuchencouraging.現(xiàn)在分詞形勢非常令人鼓舞.Hispresentjobisnotthatstimulatingasheexpected.現(xiàn)在分詞他現(xiàn)在的工作并不是那么有刺激性.Theirplanistobuildanotherdormitoryfortheirstaffthisyear.不定式他們的方案是今年再為員工們建一棟宿舍樓.Hiswishistobecomeapilot.不定式他的愿望是當(dāng)飛行員.4作賓語.如：Heisf

7、ondofplayingfootball.Ilikeswimming. admit,appreciateavoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escapeexcuse,face,feel,like,finish,forgive,giveup,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,putoff,resist,risk,suggestcanthelp情不自禁,cantstand無法忍受等動詞成詞組后可以用動名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式. forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop

8、,try等動詞或詞組可帶動名詞或不定式作賓語,但意義上有區(qū)別.LetsgoonstudyingLesson6.讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課.說明前面已學(xué)了一部分.LetsgoontostudyLesson6.讓我們接著學(xué)第六課.說明前面已學(xué)了第五課.Irememberdoingtheexercise.我記得做過練習(xí).Imustremembertodoit.我必須記著做這事.Itriednottogothere.我設(shè)法不去那里.Itrieddoingitagain.我試著又干了一次.Stopspeaking.不要講話.Hestoppedtotalk.他停下來講話.Imeantocomeearlytoday

9、.我打算今天早些來.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時. 在allow,advise,forbid,permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語,如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語,其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語.如：Wedontallowsmokinghere.Wedontallowstudentstosmoke. 動詞need,require,want作“需要解,其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語表示事情需要做,這時,動名詞的主動式表示被動意義.beworth后必須用動名詞的主動形式來表示被動意義.如：Th

10、ewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning/tobecleaned.Hermethodisworthtrying. 在短語devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,tobeusedto,objectto,thankyoufor,excusemefor,bekeptbusy,havedifficulty/trouble/problemin,haveagood/wonderful/hardtimein,theresnouse/good/n,eefdeel/seemlike/getdownto等后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式,例如：Ilookforward

11、tohearingfromyousoon. 在love,hate,prefer,like等動詞后用動名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別.有時用動名詞作賓語時,指一般情況,而跟不定式作賓語時指某一具體行為. start,begin,continue在書面語中多后接動名詞,在口語中多后接不定式.但start和begin在以下情況下一般跟不定式作賓語：當(dāng)主語是物而不是人時；當(dāng)start或begin以-ing形式出現(xiàn)時,當(dāng)后面作賓語的動詞表示感情、思想或意念時.如：Itstartedtosnow.Heisbeginningtocookdinner.Ibegantounderstandwhathemeant. 在s

12、houldwouldlike/love等后須用不定式.5動名詞作狀語動名詞作狀語表示在進(jìn)行一動作的同時所進(jìn)行的另一動作,它對謂語動詞起修飾和陪襯的作用.動名詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況.Havingcleanedtheroomswebegantoweedthegarden時間清掃完房間,我們開始在花園里除草.Comingintotheroom,shesaweverybodyalreadyattheirwork.時間進(jìn)屋以后,她看到人人都在工作.Beingill,hecouldntgotoschool.原因由于生病,他不能去上學(xué).Havingnointeresti

13、nthetopic,hedidntgotothelecture.原因由于對這個話題沒有興趣,他沒去參加講座.Workingdiligently,youwillcertainlysucceed.條件只要刻苦學(xué)習(xí),你會成功的.Usingatomicenergy,wecanbuildspaceships.條件利用原子能,我們能夠建造太空船.Grantingtheachievementstobegreat,thereisstillsomethingtobedesired讓步盡管成績是巨大的,但仍有一些要求改良的東西.結(jié)果我的車被交通擁擠我們坐火車訪問了好多城Mycarwascaughtinatraff

14、icjam,thuscausingthedelay.堵住,所以延誤了.Travelingbytrain,wevisitedanumberofcities.方式市.Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.伴隨瑪麗坐在教室的窗戶旁,正在讀一本書.6動名詞作定語動名詞作定語時和形容詞的功能是相似的.動名詞可以單獨作定語,如：asmilingface笑臉aleadingfigure領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物動名詞還能構(gòu)成合成詞作定語,如：easy-goingman好說話的人swimmingpool游泳池sleeping-pill安眠藥片dining-car餐車當(dāng)分詞短

15、語做后置定語時,可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句.ShewentonboardthetrainleavingforShanghai.=Shewentonboardthetrain,whichwasleavingforShanghai.她乘坐了去上海的火車.Therearetworoadsbeforeus,oneleadingtothebeach,theothertothepark.=Therearetworoadsbeforeus,onewhichleadstothebeach,theothertothepark.在我們面前有兩條路,一條通向沙灘,另一條通向公園.2,練習(xí)題I、單項選擇：1. Nooneen

16、joysat.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed2. Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse.A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin3. Theyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven4. -Whereismypassport?Irememberithere.-Youshouldnthaveleftithere.Remember

17、itwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking5. HisroomneedsA.painting；paintedB.painted；painting,sohemusthaveitC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted6. Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewentonalettertohisparents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.towrite7. Theyoungtreesweplantedlastw

18、eekrequirewithgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof8.OnlyEnglishdoesntmeanthelanguage.A.tolearn；tolearnB.learning；learningC.learningabout；learnD.learningabout；learning9.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed10.She

19、decidedtodevoteherselftheproblemofoldage.A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study11. Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback12. Assheislookingforwardtofromme,pleaserememberthisletteronyourwaytoschool.A.hear；postB.hearing；topostC.beheard；postingD.behearing

20、；toposting13. Grandmasaidthatshehadalotoftroubleyourhandwriting.A.toreadB.toseeC.readingC.inseeing14. WritingstoriesandarticleswhatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15. Weappreciateustotheball.A.themtoinviteB.toinviteC.theirinvitingD.beinginvited16. Wouldyoumindquietforamoment?Imtryingaform.A.keeping；f

21、illingoutB.tokeep；tofilloutC.keeping；tofilloutD.tokeep；fillingout17. Hewasafraidforbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseen18.1 dliketosuggestthemeetingtillnextweek.A.toputoffB.puttingoffC.putoffD.tobeputoff19.1 dontseehowIcouldpossiblymanagetheworkwithoutA.finish；helpingB.tofinish；be

22、inghelpedC.finishing；helpingD.finishing；beinghelped20. Anythingworthisworthyofwell.A.doing；beingdoneB.doing；doingC.tobedone；tobedoneD.tobedone；beingdone21. Weadvisedthemtotakeare159st,buttheyinsistedthework.A.finishB.tofinishC.infinishingD.onfinishing22. IdelayedyourletterbecauseIhadbeenawayforaweek

23、.A.answe1ab1rB.answeringC.writingD.topost23. Thethiefdroveasfastashecouldtoescapebythepolice.A.tobecaughtB.becaughtC.beingcaughtD.catching24. Isearchedformywalletanditwasntthere.Atfirst,IthoughtIitathome.ThenIremembereditouttopayforthetaxi.A.musthaveleft；totakeB.mayleave；takingC.mightleave；totakeD.c

24、ouldhaveleft；taking25. thenewsofhisfathersdeath,heburstintotears.A.AfterhearingB.OnhearingC.WhilehearingD.Havingheard26. hismother,thebabycouldnothelp.A.Tosee；tolaughB.Seeing；tolaughC.Seeing；laughingD.Tosee；laughing27.1 tsnousesomuchmoneyonclothes.A.spendB.spentC.spendingD.beingspent28.Thesentencene

25、eds.A.improveB.aimprovementC.improvingD.improved29.1 fhesucceededajob,hischildrenwouldntbesufferingfromhungernow.A.tofindB.tolookforC.infindingD.inlookingfor30.IstillremembertomyhometownwhenIwasyoung.A.takingB.takenC.beingtakenD.totakeU、填入動名詞的適當(dāng)形式：1. Canyouimagineyourselfinalonelyisland?(stay)2. Icantunderstandyouratthatpoorchild.(laugh)3. Shedidntmindovertime.(work)4