初中英語句子成分講解練習及答案

1、雨璐外語學校語法班-句子成分及根本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語直接賓語、間接賓語、表語、定語和狀語、賓語補足語等.一主語：主語是謂語講述的對象,表示所說的“是什么或“是誰".一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞或短語來充當.它在句首.如：1Lucyisabeautifulnurse.名詞作主語2Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.代詞作主語3Smokingisharmfultothehealth.動名詞作主語（4） ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.不定式作主語（5） Whatweshoulddoi

2、snotyetdecided.主語從句作主語二謂語說明主語“做什么“是什么或“怎么樣.謂語謂語局部里主要的詞叵是動詞卜謂語和主語在人稱和數兩方面必須一致.它在主語后面.如：Hisparentsareteachers.系動詞和表語一起作謂語Westudyhard.行為動詞作謂語Wedointfinishreadingthebook.助動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語HecanspeakEnglish.情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語三賓語賓語是動作、行為的對象,由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語來擔任,它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么.一般放在謂語之后.Sheisdoingherhomeworknow

3、.名詞作賓語Shesaysthatsheisill.賓語從句作動詞賓語Weoftenhelphim.代詞作賓語Helikestoplaybasketball.不定式作賓語Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我們喜歡聽音樂.動名詞短語作賓語說明1:賓語是及物動詞涉及到的人或物,賓語一般放在及物動詞之后.介詞后面的名詞或代詞或動名詞,稱為介詞賓語.名詞、代詞、數詞常在句中做動詞賓語或介詞賓語.另外,動詞不定式可作動詞賓語:動名詞和賓語從句也可用作動詞賓語.說明2：及物動詞作謂語時,后面要跟賓語.賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象,直接賓語園側,間接賓語通常是及

4、物動詞的動作所及的人,間接賓語晤川.間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前.不是所有的及物動詞都可以用雙賓語有的動詞可以跟.如：give,show給看,bring,pass,buy等.如：(1)Ourteachertellsusastory.(2)Thesungivesuslight.間接賓語如果放在直接賓語之后,在表示“人的間接賓語之前會出現介詞巨o或“for.間接賓語前加“to的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,retum,write,throw,promise(容許),refuse(拒絕)等.間接賓語加“for的有：make

5、,buy,do,get,play,order(命令),sing,pay等(1) Igivehimabook.改成：(2) Hepassesmethebook.(他將書遞給我.)改成：(3) Hewritesmealetter.改成：(4) Hewillbuymesomeb00ks.改成：Sheismakingmeacake.改成:四賓語補足語在賓語后面補充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分,稱為賓語補足語.名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補足語.賓語和賓語補足語稱為復合賓語.如：Theymakeherhappy.形容詞Iseeherdance.不定式Wellhelpy

6、outomaketheOlympicsasuccess.名詞Pleaselethimin.副詞Weheardhersingingasong.分詞短語五表語表語說明主語“是什么或者“怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當于名詞或形容詞或短語來擔任.它的位置在系動詞后面.如：Iamateacher.名詞Heisalwayshappy.形容詞Theyareontheplaygroundnow.介詞短語Itgetscold.形容詞Be動詞(am,is,are,was,were)系動詞表保持keep,stay,remain表改變get,become,turn感官動詞feel,sound聽起來,

7、seem/look看起來,taste嘗起來,smell聞起來如：Itsoundsinteresting.sound為系動詞,interesting為表語Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain為系動詞,careful為表語六定語定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的.形容詞、代詞、數詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等.單個詞作定語時,通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前.如：Theblackbikeismine.形容詞Whafsyourname代詞Theymakepaperflowers.名詞說明1:當定語修飾不定代詞：nothing,anything,everything,

8、something等時,定語在不定代詞后面.如：Itellhimsomethinginteresting.形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語Hehassomethingtodo.todo為不定式作后置定語說明2:打語或從句|作定語時,也放在被修飾的名詞之后.如：TheboysintheroomareinClassFheroom是介詞短語作theboys的后置定語.七狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞.一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語來表示.狀語一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中.如

9、：Hediditcarefully.副詞Weoftenhelphim.副詞HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.介詞短語WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.從句作時間狀語Hesitsthere.副詞地點狀語【簡單句的五種根本句型】A.主語+不及物動詞主謂如：Thesunrises.太陽升起來.Thecarstopped.小汽車停下來了.rise和stop都是不及物動詞,因此后邊不必加賓語.B. 主語+及物動詞+賓語主謂賓如：Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyab

10、ook.C. 主語+系動詞+表語主系表如：Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeelhappy.feel為系動詞,表示感到Itgetsdark.天黑了.get為系動詞,表示變得Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了.look為系動詞,表示看上去,看起來D. 主語+及物動詞+雙賓語直接賓語、間接賓語主謂+直賓+間賓如：HegivesTomapresent.雙賓語他給湯姆一件禮物.Mothermakeanewdressforme.雙賓語媽媽為我做了一件衣服.E. 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語主+謂+賓+賓補如：TheycallherMary.賓補他們叫她Mary.Wemakeour

11、classroomcleanandtidy.賓補我們使我們的教室干凈而整潔.Healwaysmakesuslaugh.賓補他總使我們笑.典型例題寫出劃線局部的句子成分.1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane'ssister.6.Shedidn'tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.7.WangPingdoeshishome

12、workcarefully.8.WewillgototheChildren,sPalaceonceaweek.9.Theyareintheclassroom.10.Itsoundsgood.11.HisnameisPaul.12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.課后練習一挑出以下句中的賓語D?Mybrother?doesn't?do?hishomework.ABCD2)?People?all?over?theworld?speak?English.ABCDYoumustpay?good?attention?to?your?pronunciation.ABCDHHowma

13、nynew?words?do?you?learn?ABCDSomeofthe?students?intheschoolwant?togoswimming,?how?about?youABCD二挑出以下句中的表語?Theoldman?is?feeling?very?tired.ABCDWhyis?he?worried?about?JimABCD?The?leaves?have?turned?yellow.ABCDSoon?They?all?becomeinterested?inthesubject.SShe?is?thefirst?tolearn?aboutit.ABCD三挑出以下句中的定語?T

14、hey?use?Mr.Mrs.withthe?family?name.ABCD?What?is?your?given?nameABCD Onthe?third?lap?are?Class1andClass3.ABCD Iam?afraid?some?people?forgot?tosweep?thefloor.ABCD?Theman?downstairs?was?trying?tosleep.ABCD四挑出以下句中的賓語補足語SShe?likes?thechildren?toreadnewspapersandbooks?inthe?reading-room.ABCDHe?asks?her?to

15、taketheboy?outofschool.ABCDShe?find?it?difficult?todothework.ABCDThey?call?me?Lily?sometimes.ABCDD?I?saw?Mr.Wang?getonthebus.ABCD五挑出以下句中的狀語?There?is?abigsmile?onherface.ABCD?Everynight?he?heard?thenoise?upstairs.ABCDHHe?began?tolearn?English?whenhewaseleven.ABCD?Theman?onthemotorbike?istravelling?tofast.ABCD?Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,?Miss?Li?hurriedoff.ABCD六劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.DDoesheleaveanymessageforme2.定,狀4.謂,賓,狀6.謂,狀8.謂,狀10.表12.狀,狀典型例題答案一.寫出劃線局