上海高考英語(yǔ)選詞填空專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accurateB.alterationC.averageD.calculatesE.concealF.enormouslyG.initialH.intervalsI.merelyJ.multiplyK.predictionBeyondtwoorthreedays,theworld'bestweatherforecas

2、tsarebasedonguesswork,andbeyondsixorseventheyareworthless.TheButterflyEffectisthereason.Forsmallpiecesofweatherandtoaglobalforecaster,smallcanmeanthunderstormsandsnowstormsany41failsrapidly.Errorsanduncertainties42,gatheringupwardthroughachainofunstablefeatures,fromdustdevils（塵旋風(fēng)）andwindstormsuptoco

3、ntinent-sizeeddies（旋風(fēng)）43satellitescansee.Themodernweathermodelsworkwithanetworkofpointsoftheorderofsixtymilesapart,andevenso,some44datahastobeguessed,sincegroundstationsandsatellitescannotseeeverywhere.Butsupposetheearthcouldbecoveredwithsensorsspacedonefootapart,risingatone-foot45allthewaytothetopo

4、ftheatmosphere.Supposeeverysensorgivesperfectly46readingsoftemperature,pressure,dampness,andanyotherquantitymeteorologist（氣象工作者）wouldwant.Exactlyatnoona（n）47powerfulcomputertakesallthedataand48whatwillhappenateachpointat12.01,then12.02,then12.03ThecomputerwillstillbeunabletopredictwhetherPrinceton,N

5、ewJersey,willhavesunorrainonadayonemonthaway.Atnoonthespacesbetweenthesensorswill49alterationsthatthecomputerwillnotknowabout,tinyvariationsfromthe50.By12.01,thosealterationswillalreadyhavecreatedsmallerrorsonefootaway.Soontheerrorswillhavemultipliedtotheten-footscale,andsoonuptothesizeoftheglobe.Ke

6、ys:41-45KJIGH46-50AFDECSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.countlessB.exhaustedC.comparisonD.essentialE.estimatesF.distinctiveG.relativelyH.clearedI.unfortunatelyJ.recycledK.restrictsRainforests,found

7、inEarth'stemptropticalndlB帶的）zones,aresomeofthemostbiologicallyvariedecosystemsontheplanet.Allrainforestssharecertain41features,includingaclosedcanopy,thedensevegetationofthetopbranchesthatformsaroofabovetheforestfloor,adampandwarmclimate,and42constanttemperaturesthroughouttheyear.Mostofthefores

8、t'sinsectandanimallifgrowswellinthecanopy'sleafyandsunlitenvironment.Theforest'sgroundcovcomparison,issmall.Lessthan2percentofthesunghtmakesitswaythroughthecanopyandthedarknessbelow.Thisdarkness,alongwiththepoorqualityofthesoils,43plantgrowth.Rainforestsarea（n）44partofEarth'stotaleco

9、logy.Hugeamountsofwaterareabsorbedintotreerootsand45intotheatmospherefromthetreeleavesthroughaprocesscalledtranspiration（蒸發(fā)）.Treerootsalsofixthesoilinplaceandslowtherunoffofrainsintoriversandoceans.Throughtheprocessofphotosynthesis（光合作用）,rainforestsabsorbmorecarbondioxideandgiveoffmoreoxygenthananyo

10、therecosystem.Therainforestsare46shrinkingatarapidrateasaresultoftheprofitableventuresoffarming,logging,andmining.Whentropicalrainforestsare47inordertoraisecattleandcrops,thenutrient-poorsoilsarequickly48, Whenfarmersmoveontonewareas,heavyrainsandbakingsunleavethelandfruitlessandlifeless.Loggingandm

11、iningcausesimilardamagetothelandanddestroytheterritoryof49millionsofbirds,insectsandanimals.Bysome50, anareaoftropicalrainforestthesizeofthestateofDelawaredisappearsinthiswayeverymonth.46-50IHBAEKeys:41-45FGKDJSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeuse

12、donce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.challengedB.functionsC.solvedD.deservesE.mirrorsF.practicalG.furtherH.urgeI.presenceJ.opposingK.survival“Inwildernessisthepreservationoftheworld."Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborr

13、owed41aheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.The42toleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouch

14、edisstrong,andthedangerexploitationbringstosuchlandscapesisreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperform_43_thathumansneedtherainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takesthe44view.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconser

15、vation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhuman45,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystrugglefor46.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsom

16、ewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisno47reasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeing48bytheotherparticipants

17、.Oneopinionisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisa49questionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldob

18、viously50muchmoreseriousthinking.KEYS41.E42.H43.B44.J45.I46.K47.G48.A49.F50.DSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.ApeakB.prospectC.intenseD.indicatingE.mildF.uncertaintyG.unusuallyH.complicatedI.appliedJ

19、.prepareK.modelAdropinthesun'sradiationcancausecoldwintersinpartsofNorthAmericaandEurope,scientistssay,afindingthatcouldimprovelong-rangeforecastsandhelpcountries41forstorms.Scientistshaveknownforalongtimethatthesunhasan11-yearcycleduringwhichradiationfromthesunreachesa(n)42thenfalls.Butdetectin

20、gaclearlinkofthecycletotheweatherhasprovedmuch43."Ourresearchnoticesalinkbetweensolaractivitiesandregionalwinterclimate,"leadauthorSarahInesonoftheUKMetOfficetoldthereportersinanemail.Herteamfocusedonthedatafromtherecentminimumsolarradiationperiodduring2008-10,whichwasa(n)44calmperiodforth

21、esunbutatthesametime,45wintersintheU.SandEuropewererecordedwhichbroughttroublestomanybusinessesandmadepeople'slivesdifficult.Theresearchersfoundthatareductioninradiationfromthesuncanaffectwindpatterns,46coldwinters."Whileradiationlevelswon'ttelluswhattheday-to-dayweatherwillbe,theyprovi

22、detheexciting47ofimprovedpredictionforwinterconditionsformonthsandevenyearsahead.Thesepredictionsplayanimportantroleinlong-termweatherplanning,"Inesonsaid.Ineson'steamusedthedatainacomplexcomputerto48long-termweatherpatterns.Itsuccessfullyreproducedwhatscientistshadobservedhappeningintheupp

23、eratmosphereduringchangesinsolarradiation.Morestudywasneeded,though.Thekey49intheexperimentlayinthesatellitedataused,becauseitspans跨度)onlyafewyears."Sotherearestillquestionsconcerningwhetherthecurrentresearchresultsareaccurateandwhethertheycanbe50toothersolarcycles,"shesaid.41-50JAHGCDBKFI

24、SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlyusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.loweringB.conditionsC.warningD.seeminglyE.inconclusiveF.frequentlyG.reactionsH.alternativeinterestinglyJ.propertiesK.mixingNotsofarinthedistantpastastudyonwaterpollut

25、ionfoundthatcommon,everydaymakeupproductsbeingwasheddownthedrainwasendingupinwellanddrinkingwater.Nowastudyhasfoundthatpeoplepollutethemselves.Manyofthepollutantsarelinkedtocancerandotherserioushealth41.What'shekeycauseofthispollution?Commonhouseholditems,42,appeartobeusedmorebywomenthanmen.Thes

26、eincludemakeup,hairsprayandcommercial,chemically-madeperfumes.Theseareperfumesthatare43advertisedashavingsomesortofbeneficialeffectonthebodyandareevensuggestedasareplacementfornaturalessentialoils.Studiesontheeffectivenessoffragranceoilsandhealthbenefitshavebeen44,somethingneglectedtobementioned.Ifthechemicalscenthascancer-causingproperties,itmaynotmakesensetotryanduseitforhelpingyousleepor45yourbloodpressure.Manufacturersarguethattheriskisnon-existentasthelevelsofche