中考英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項訓(xùn)練學(xué)案(單項選擇 介詞)

1、.2019年中考英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項訓(xùn)練學(xué)案單項選擇 介詞介詞又稱為前置詞，屬于虛詞，不能獨(dú)立作句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞等詞類構(gòu)成介詞短語，才可以充當(dāng)句子的成分。介詞短語是介詞與它的賓語構(gòu)成的，在句中作表語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和獨(dú)立成分。一、時間介詞 用于表示時間的介詞有：at，on，in，before，after, by, untiltill, for, during和since等。 常用時間介詞辨析： 1. at，in與on at常用于詳細(xì)的時刻或較短暫的時間前。如：at eight o'clock, at this moment。 in表示某個較長的時間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、年、月

2、、四季或泛指一天的早、中、晚等。如：in the 2lst century, in 2019, in winter, in the evening。 on表示確定的時間，常用于詳細(xì)的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或一般節(jié)日前。如：on Sunday morning, on Teachers' Day。 2. since與for since后跟時間點(diǎn)，指從某時延續(xù)到如今，通常與完成時連用。如： Jack has lived here since he was eight years old.杰克從八歲起就住在這兒。 for后跟時問段，強(qiáng)調(diào)某動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多長時間，可與過去、如今、將來等多種

3、時態(tài)連用，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如： We will stay in Shanghai for two weeks.我們將在上海待兩周。 3. after與in after+時間段表示以過去為起點(diǎn)的一段時間，常用于過去時。after+時間點(diǎn)表示將來某個時間之后，常用于將來時。如： After two days，they reached London. 兩天后，他們到達(dá)倫敦。 in+時間段表示以此時此刻為起點(diǎn)的將來的一段時間之后，常用于將來時。如： My father will be back in three days.我爸爸將在三天后回來。 例題1 Liu Xiang announced

4、 the retirement退役in Shanghai_ May 17, 2019. A. inB. on C. at D. since 【解析】B此題考察了時間介詞的辨析。句意：劉翔2021年5月17日在上海宣布退役。時間在詳細(xì)的某一天，用介詞“on，應(yīng)選B項。 例題2 一Our class will have a party _ the evening of June 30th. Would you like to come? - Yes, I'd love to, but I'm going to visit my grandparents in Dalian. A.

5、in B. on C. at 【解析】 B 此題考察介詞用法辨析。in theevening為慣用法后面不接介詞of短語。當(dāng)表示在某一天的某個時間時常用介詞on。on the evening of June 30th在六月三十日的晚上。二、方位介詞 用于表示地點(diǎn)和方向的介詞有：at，on，in，by，under, near, between, beside, next to, in front of, into, out of, along, to, for, across, through等。 常用方位介詞辨析：1. at，in，on表示“在位置at一般指小地方。如：They arrived

6、 at a small village before dark. 天黑前，他們到達(dá)了一個小村子。in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi)。如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 昨天他到達(dá)了上海。on通常表示“在某個物體的外表。如：The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 這個老師在墻上貼了一張畫。2. in，on，to表示“在范圍 on表示兩地是相鄰接壤的關(guān)系。如： China is on the west of Korea中國在朝鮮的西部。 in表示在某一地區(qū)內(nèi)的某方位，屬于該范圍。如： Beijing is in the n

7、orth of China.北京在中國的北部。 to表示在某一地區(qū)外的某方位，不屬于該范圍。如：Guangdong lies to the south of Henan.廣東在河南的南邊。3. across，through表示“通過across表示從物體外表通過，與on有關(guān)。如：The boy ran across the street. 這個男孩跑過了街。through表示通過一個空間，與in有關(guān)。如：Look, the train is going through the tunnel. 看，火車正在穿越隧道。4. over，above，on表示“在上 over強(qiáng)調(diào)某一物體在另外物體的正上

8、方，屬垂直關(guān)系。如： There is a new bridge over the Yangzi River.在揚(yáng)子江上，有一座新的橋梁。 above泛指在上方，不強(qiáng)調(diào)垂直關(guān)系，而且兩個物體不接觸。如： Raise your arms above your head.把你的手臂舉過頭頂。 on指在上面，而且兩個物體有接觸面。如： I can see a computer on the desk.我看到桌子上有一臺電腦。5. below，under表示“在下面below“在下， 不一定在正下方。如：Write your name below the line. 在橫線下方寫下你的名字。under

9、“在正下方。如：There is a dog under the desk.書桌下有一只小狗。 6. besides，except表示“除了besides包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除外，還。Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，還有30個學(xué)生去了電影院。exceptexcept是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除去。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每個人都很沖動。他們沖動，而我卻不沖動7. between, among表示“在之間betweenbetween指兩者之間。This is the

10、 secret between you and me.這是你我之間的機(jī)密。 amongamong指三者或三者以上的人或事物之間。Jack swims fastest among all the students. 在所有學(xué)生中，杰克游得最快。8. in front of，in the front of表示“在前面in front of表示“在某人或某物的前面，在某個范圍以外。There is a garden in front of the house.房屋前有一棵樹。in the front of表示“在的前部，在某個范圍以內(nèi)。My teacher is standing in the fr

11、ont of the classroom我的老師正站在教室前。例題 1 In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains _ zeroall day. A. above B. below C. over D. under 【解析】 B 句意：在寒冷的冬天，哈爾濱的氣溫通常全天都保持在零度以下。哈爾濱冬天氣溫保持在零度以下，故A，C錯。Below指地位低下或低于某程度、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；under那么指空間位置。此題指低于零度線這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)選B。 例題2 Some students often enjoy music to relax thems

12、elves classes. A. among B. over C. during D. between 【解析】D among，“在三者或三者以上之間；over“在上方；during，“在期間；between，“在兩者之間。根據(jù)句意“一些學(xué)生課間經(jīng)常聽音樂放松自己?？芍xD項。 例題3 Jim sits behind me，so I sit _ him. A. at the top of B. at the end of C. in the middle of D. in front of 【解析】 D 此題考察介詞短語辨析。at the top of“在的頂部；at the end of“

13、在的終點(diǎn)；in the middle of“在的中間；in front of“在的前面。句意：吉姆坐在我的后面，所以我坐在他的前面。應(yīng)選D。三、方式介詞常用方式介詞及辨析見下表：介詞用法例句by表示“以方式、方法或手段。We can celebrate Christmas by giving presents我們可以通過送禮物來慶賀圣誕節(jié)。with表示“用工具。I can write better with the pen. 用這支筆我可以寫得更好。in表示“用方式、語言、語調(diào)或顏色等。What's this in English? 這個用英語怎么說？on表示“用一般指用網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電腦、電

14、視、 等。 We often chat with each other on the phone.我們經(jīng)常在 里互相聊天。例題1 -Nancy, how can I protect the birds? They are in danger. -I think you may protect them _joining the Bird Watching Society. A. in B. by C. on D. with 【解析】B根據(jù)答句句意“我認(rèn)為你可以通過參加觀鳥協(xié)會來保護(hù)它們可知選表示“通過方式的B項。 例題2 More and more people in Shanghai cho

15、ose to go to work underground. A. inB. with C. by D. for 【解析】C此題考察介詞by的用法，后接交通工具名詞單數(shù)，表“乘。四、介詞短語 介詞在實際運(yùn)用中常和其他詞類形成固定搭配，只有熟記并掌握它們，才能正確使用介詞。 1. 介詞與名詞搭配 如：in time, on time, at the same time, out of breath, on one's way to.等。 2. 介詞與動詞搭配 如： arrive in/at, turninto, think of, prefer to，belong to等。 3. 介詞與

16、形容詞、過去分詞和動調(diào)等搭配 如：take part in, be proud of, be full of等。 注意： 由be made構(gòu)成的?？级陶Zbe made of意為“由制成，從成品中可以看出原材料；be made from意為“由制成，從成品中看不出原材料；be made in意為“在某地被制造；be made by意為“由制造；be made up of意為“由組成，強(qiáng)調(diào)由單個的個體構(gòu)成。如： This table is made of wood.這張桌子是由木頭制成的。 Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄釀成的。 The watch was mad

17、e in Scotland.這塊手表是在蘇格蘭制造的。 All our clothes are made by tailors. 我們的所有衣服都是由裁縫做的。 Our class is made up of six groups. 我們班是由六個小組組成的。 由be used構(gòu)成的?？级陶Z be/become used to doing sth.意為“習(xí)慣于做某事；be used to do sth.意為“被用來做某事；be used as意為“被當(dāng)作來使用. be used by意為“被使用。如： He is used to eating out all the time. 他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣在外

18、面吃飯了。 Wood can be used to make paper.木頭可以用來造紙。 The book is used as a reference book.這本書被用來做參考書。 4. 部分介詞短語與時態(tài)相對應(yīng)介詞短語時態(tài)from time to time, at times, on Sundays, at weekends一般如今時in the past, in 2019一般過去時at the moment, at present如今進(jìn)展時at nine yesterday evening, from 8 to 10 yesterday morning過去進(jìn)展時for two y

19、ears. since two years ago. since2019, over these years, by now, from then on, in the past few years如今完成時by last term過去完成時in the future, in 2020, in three months一般將來時例題1 I really can't see anything. His head is _ of my view. A. on the way B. by the way C. in the way D. out of the way 【解析】C此題考察了介詞

20、固定搭配的用法。on the way，“在路上. by the way，“順便說一下；in the way，“擋道；out of the way，“不擋道。根據(jù)句意“他的頭擋住了我的視線。應(yīng)選C項。 例題2 Oh, your shirt is the same _>A. as me B. with her C. with mine D. as hers 【解析】 D 此題考察介詞短語the same as “與一樣。句意：你的短裙與她的一樣。應(yīng)選D。真題測試測試時間：30分鐘 總分值：80分1. Teachers' Day in China is _10 September wh

21、ile South Korea's Teachers' Day is _May.A on; on B in; inC. on; in D. in; on2. This photo reminded the old man _ the days when he was young.A. with B. for C. by D. of3. It's really _ you not to tell your parents about the problems. Do you think you can solve them on your own?A. smart of

22、B. smart forC. silly of D. silly for4. Helen is friendly and she always has a smile _ her face.A. on B. with C. at D. for5. - Would you like to visit the zoo with me now?- Sorry. It's_ the visiting hours. Let's go there tomorrow.A. on B. overC. during D. beyond6. Ma Yun, the Chairperson of A

23、libaba Group, has made much money _ the Internet.A. through B. alongC. across D. towards7. - I like the weather in Kunming. It's warm all year long.- Yes. And the temperature stays _zero all the time. A. at B. belowC. around D. above8. - David, when do you get up every day?- I usually get up _ h

24、alf past six. I'm never late for school.A. in B. at C. on D. during9. In the picture, the chair is _ the table.A. under B. onC. above D. beside10. - When is your birthday? - I was born _ December 17. This year I'll hold a birthday party for it at home.A. on B. at C. in D. by11. - When will o

25、ur guests arrive at the airport? -_the evening of this Saturday. A. At B. Of C. In D. On12. One of the opinions _smoking is that it is harmful to people's health. A. for B. againstC. at D. in13. Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students _ common problems. A. in B. about C. with D. for14. Welcom

26、e to our store. We have skirts _ all colors _ $16 each.A. at; in B. in; forC. at; at D. in; in15. You must be careful when you swim _ the lake.A across B. belowC. over D. through16. The bank is _ the bookstore and the post office. A. at the front of B. amongC. between17. - I hear two high speed rail

27、ways will be built in Xiangyang _a few years- That sounds great It'll be more convenient and faster for us to go out A. after B. on C. in D. at18. -_ my surprise, Jin Ming was chosen into our school football team.- Congratulations. He did well _ playing football when he was very young. I hope he

28、'll be the best player in our school. A. To; of B. At; atC. To; in D. In; about19. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily_ the windows.A. below B. acrossC. behind D. against20. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn't kill them _ food or clothing.A in B. withC. abou

29、t D. for21. She always wants to do the job which she has been trained_.A. for B. by C. on D. of22. Healthy eating _ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit. A. less than B. instead ofC. such as D. together with23. It was really helpful _ him to take the cat to the animal centre _ a rainy night.

30、 A. of; on B. of; atC. for; on D. for; at24. The castle stands in a quiet place_ the main road at the far end of the river.A. to B. for C. off D. out25. - A person's life is like a road _ lots of difficulties. .- Yes, so we need positive energy.A. by B. withC. along D. during26. Many cities in C

31、hina, _ Beijing, have been deeply affected by dirty air. A. including B. behindC. without D. beyond27. - This problem is far _me, I'm afraid I can't work it out.- Don't worry, we will help you. A. beyond B. besideC. behind D. between28. The 2019 Tournament Chess 國際象棋錦標(biāo)賽 took place in Xin

32、ghua _ March 11.A. in B. at C. on D. /29. I hope the train will arrive on time, but it's _ my control.A. within B. withoutC. under D. beyond30. The 2019 Summer Youth Olympic Games will be held _ August in Nanjing. A in B. on C. by D. at31. Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened _ March in Fuj

33、iabian Modern Agricultural Park this year. A on B. at C. in D. to32. _ all his pocket money. Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother's Day. A With B. For C. By D. In33. Some workers in that factory have to work _ night. A. at B. forC. with D. among34. - I'm afraid the boy can't dea

34、l with the problem - Me, too. _ , he is only 8 years old.A. In general B. So farC. After all D. For example35. _the exam, we'll say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.A In B. ForC. After D. Through36. -What time do you usually go to school, Jack? -_about ha

35、lf past seven. A. On B. In C. At D. For37. They usually go shopping _ their lunch break.A. against B. amongC. between D. during38. A ship from South Korea sank into the sea_ April 16, 2019.A. in B. on C. at D. for39. The old man was so _ the good news that he couldn't say a word. A. interested i

36、n B. excited aboutC. afraid of D. worried about40. Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England.A. between B. withC. on D. under模擬測試測試時間：25分鐘 總分值：60分1. -Excuse me, sir, but you are _ my way.- Sorry, I didn't know you were passing by.A. on B. by C. with D. in2. John is always praised _ one of

37、the top students _ his efforts.A. as; for B. as; byC. for; by D. by; for3. It's hard- working _ him to spend three hours _the library on Sunday. A. for; in B. for; onC. of; in D. of; on4. - She sold her house to cure her mother's illness, even though it was _ her own wishes- It's so nice

38、 _ her!A for; for B. on; forC. above; of D. against; of5. I am very happy to know the Super Star Partner in CCTV has _ lots of help_ those children in need of care and love.A provided; with B. given; forC. provided; for D. offered; with6. The result of the discussion is that one group supported the

39、suggestion while the other groups were_ it.A. for B. betweenC. against D. with7. The Swiss-made solar powered plane " Solar Impluse 2 " arrived _ Nanjing ,_ Tuesday night, April 21, 2019.A in; at B at; atC. in; on D. at; on8. - What's the meaning of the network hot word "No zuo no

40、 die"?- Maybe it means if you don't do stupid things, bad things won't happen_ you.A. on B. at C. by D. to9. - Do you like tea or coffee?- Coffee. I prefer coffee _ milk if you don't mindA to B. of C. with D. in10. A passenger ship carrying 458 people sank 下沉 _ about 9: 28 p.m._ the

41、 night of 1st July in the Hubei section of China's Yangtze River. A at; on B. at; inC. in; on D. on; in11. -A person's life is like a road _ lots of difficulties. - Yes, so we need positive energy. A. by B. with C. along D. during12. -It is careless _ him to lose his wallet again. -I think i

42、t necessary _ him to be more careful next time. A. of; to B. of; forC. for; for D. of; of13. On the reality show I Am a Singer 3, the 40-year-old-singer-song,Arriter Li Jian has been praised _ his singing ability. A. as B. with C. to D. for14. There're no buses in the small village. He has to go

43、 there _his bicycle. A. by B. in C. with D. on15. - Hi, Linda, why are you so unhappy? - I missed the football match between Hengda and Shuntian _ the bad traffic. A. so as to B. in order toC. because of D. as a result16. - I think drinking milk every morning is good _our health.- Yes. I agree _ you

44、.A. to; to B. with; toC. at; withD. for; with17. Think about what I have told you, but _ , don't breathe a word of it to others.A. at allB. after all C. in all D. above all18. - Are you ready? We'll go out for a picnic _ three o'clock. - OK ! I'm coming.A. in B. after C. for D. since

45、19. Former president of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, passed away _ Monday morning,Mar 23.A. on B. at C. in D. by20. Jimmy broke his leg. _ , he will have to be away from school for two or three months.A As usual B. As a resultC. In order that D. First of all21. It's nice _ Tom to tell me the news be

46、cause it's very important _ me.A for, of B. of, toC. for, to D. of, of22. - What can you see _ the bridge, Millie?- Oh, an elephant is standing over there. Let's go and see it. A. across B. throughC. above D. over23. _ the evening of October 3lst, people have a party to celebrate Halloween.

47、A. In B. On C. At D. To24. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn't kill them_ food or clothing.A. in B. with C. about D. for25. The monkey can stand _ two feet for twenty minutes. A. up B. on C. with D. in26. _ further information, please contact Lucy _ 55536678. A. For; on B. In; onC. For; at D. In; at27. - I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in_ the window.- Oh, it's dangerous to do that.A. to B. through C. over D. across28. We live right here. Look! The house on the other side of the street is my uncle's. His house Is_ ours.A in front