連接代詞和副詞引導名詞性從句

1、2021/3/912021/3/92 Review Review Definition Types Conjunctions2021/3/93Noun ClausesNoun ClausesSubject Subject ObjectObjectAppositiveAppositivePredicative Predicative ClausesClauses2021/3/94Conjunctions of Noun ClausesConjunctions of Noun Clauses連接詞連接詞連接代詞連接代詞連接副詞連接副詞what, whateverwhat, whatever ; w

2、ho, whoever; whom, ; who, whoever; whom, whomever; which, whichever; whosewhomever; which, whichever; whosethat, whether, if, because, as if/as that, whether, if, because, as if/as thoughthoughwhen, whenever; where, wherever; when, whenever; where, wherever; how, however; whyhow, however; why狀語狀語主語、

3、賓語、表語、定語主語、賓語、表語、定語不充當從句的任何成分不充當從句的任何成分2021/3/95Noun Clauses Introduced by Question WordsNoun Clauses Introduced by Question WordsWhat was he doing ?What was he doing ? His father was surprised. His father was surprised.subject clause 主語從句主語從句What he was doing surprisedhis father.2021/3/96Whats your

4、 first impressionWhats your first impression of him? of him? I want to know.I want to know.object clause 賓語從句賓語從句I want to know what your first impression of him is.2021/3/97How did Alice respond to Toms proposal(求婚求婚)?I have no idea.appositive clause 同位語從句同位語從句I have no idea how Alice responded to

5、Toms proposal.2021/3/98How can I make a grammar How can I make a grammar lesson interesting?lesson interesting?That is my question.That is my question.predicative clause 表語從句表語從句My question is how I can makea grammar lesson interesting.2021/3/99Noun Clauses Introduced by Question WordsSoutherners fi

6、nd it difficult to understand what northerners are saying.Southerners find it difficult to understand what are northerners saying. 2021/3/910e.g. I dont care who you are. e.g. I dont care what you did.e.g. How John became blind is still a mystery. Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Wordse.g. Dont c

7、are what is written about you.2021/3/911 Subject Clauses Subject Clauses 連接代詞和連接副詞都可以引導主語從句?？煞庞诰涫?、句尾，放于句尾需用形式主語it。e.g. When the new road is open to traffic hasnt been made clear. = It hasnt been made clear when the new road is open to traffic.e.g. That our boss will come to the conference excites us

8、.2021/3/912Compare the two sentences: Subject Clauses Subject Clauses e.g. What we should do next remains unknown.e.g. What our class teacher said is of great value. e.g. Whoever breaks the rule should be punished.(= the thing that)(= the thing that)e.g. Whatever he did was supported by us.( = anyon

9、e who)( = anyone who)( = anything that)( = anything that)Conclusion: what、whatever、whoever等連接代詞既可以表示疑問，又可以表示陳述既可以表示疑問，又可以表示陳述，可表示“（任何） 的事、話、東西、人”。2021/3/913 Object Clauses Object Clauses 連接代詞和連接副詞都可以引導賓語從句。e.g. This book will show you _. 最好的首席執(zhí)行官了解什么最好的首席執(zhí)行官了解什么what the best CEOs knowwhat the best C

10、EOs knowe.g. Im curious about _, a LG or an Apple. 你會買哪一個你會買哪一個which you will buywhich you will buy2021/3/914 Object Clauses Object Clauses e.g. Could you tell me when you graduated?e.g. He told me when he graduated.e.g. He informed me where we would meet next time. ( = the time when)( = the time wh

11、en)( = the place where)( = the place where)Conclusion: when、where等連接副詞既可以既可以表示疑問，又可以表示陳述表示疑問，又可以表示陳述，可表示“的時間、 的地點”。Compare the two sentences:2021/3/915 Object Clauses Object Clauses 有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在從句前加it。如：hate, dislike, like, take for granted等。e.g. I hate it when people talk with their mouth full of

12、food. 2021/3/916 Predicative Clauses Predicative Clauses 連接代詞和連接副詞都可以引導表語從句。e.g. This place is no longer _ it used to be. e.g. The question is however we can do the work better.whate.g. This is _ you are wrong. where2021/3/917 Appositive Clauses Appositive Clauses 連接代詞和連接副詞都可以引導同位語從句。e.g. The questi

13、on _ so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion. why2021/3/918疑問詞疑問詞+ever和和nomatter+疑問詞的區(qū)別疑問詞的區(qū)別疑問詞+ever可引導名詞性從句。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑問詞+ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepun

14、ished.Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.2021/3/919Decide what sentence element each Decide what sentence element each highlighted noun clause is in its sentence. highlighted noun clause is in its sentence.

15、 (P28)(P28)I always wondered I always wondered when I would get when I would get the English novel my parents had the English novel my parents had promised to give mepromised to give me. I finally got it . I finally got it today. today. What I always dreamt ofWhat I always dreamt of has has come tru

16、e. It is really exciting! The come true. It is really exciting! The difficulty is difficulty is how Im going to read the how Im going to read the book without a dictionarybook without a dictionary. .O OS Sp p2021/3/920 Looking up every new word will certainly Looking up every new word will certainly

17、 be a waste of time. Miss Cheng always told be a waste of time. Miss Cheng always told us to guess the meanings of new words us to guess the meanings of new words from the context. I used to wonder from the context. I used to wonder why wewhy we should do thisshould do this. . I understand now, but

18、the I understand now, but the question is question is what I should do if I cannot what I should do if I cannot guess the meaningsguess the meanings. . I must talk to Miss I must talk to Miss Cheng about this tomorrow.Cheng about this tomorrow.O OP P 2021/3/921 _ matters most in learning English is

19、enough practice. (全國全國II) A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 2. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (上海上海) A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where2021/3/9223. Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? ( 山東山東) A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter

20、 who 4. _ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (陜西陜西) A. That B. Which C. What D. As2021/3/9235. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 6. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D.

21、Where 7. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there 高考鏈接高考鏈接2021/3/924 8. The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 9. Great changes hav

22、e taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. which; that C. what; which D. that; which高考鏈接高考鏈接2021/3/925在自己家里可以隨心所欲。在自己家里可以隨心所欲。In ones own home one can do what In ones own home one can do what one likes. one likes. 我不知道他什么時候回來。我不

23、知道他什么時候回來。 I have no idea when he will return.還沒決定誰做那項工作。還沒決定誰做那項工作。 It hasnt yet been decided who will do that job.2021/3/926When should we use preparatory subject it? When should we use preparatory subject it? Preparatory subject “Preparatory subject “it”it”2021/3/9271. We can use 1. We can use it

24、 it as an as an preparatory subject.preparatory subject. when we use a noun clause as the subject of a when we use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence.sentence. a. (preferable) a. (preferable) It is certain that we would not be It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English

25、 today. =able to understand Old English today. = (correct) That we would not be able to (correct) That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain.understand Old English today is certain.preparatory subject “preparatory subject “it”:it”:2021/3/928b. (preferable) b. (preferable) I

26、t is easy to answer whether It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future. English will continue changing in the future. = = (correct) Whether English will continue (correct) Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer.changing in the future is

27、easy to answer.c. (preferable) c. (preferable) It depends on the style of It depends on the style of writing when we use certain words. =writing when we use certain words. = (correct) When we use certain words (correct) When we use certain words depends on the style of writing.depends on the style o

28、f writing.2021/3/929a a. (preferable) . (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign It is hard to master a foreign language. =language. = (correct) To master a foreign language is (correct) To master a foreign language is hard.hard.b. (preferable)b. (preferable) It is important to know how It is imp

29、ortant to know how to use a computerto use a computer. =. = (correct) To know how to use a computer (correct) To know how to use a computer is important. is important. B. when the subject is a B. when the subject is a to-infinitiveto-infinitive. .2021/3/930C. when the subject is a C. when the subjec

30、t is a v-ing formv-ing form. .a. ( preferable) a. ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. =Smoking is difficult to stop. = (correct) It is difficult to stop smoking. (correct) It is difficult to stop smoking.b. (preferable) b. (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a Travelling to Beijing t

31、akes up a lot of my time. =lot of my time. = (correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling (correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling to Beijing.to Beijing.2021/3/931We usually use the preparatory subjectWe usually use the preparatory subject it it with a clause or to-infinitive (with a clause

32、or to-infinitive (preferablepreferable), ), but with the v-ing form we prefer the real but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning.subject at the beginning. TipTip2021/3/9322. It can also be used before 2. It can also be used before seem, appear, seem, appear, happen, chance,

33、 turn outhappen, chance, turn out and and proveprove as the as the preparatory subject of a sentence.preparatory subject of a sentence. It seems that he speaks two languagesIt seems that he speaks two languages. =. = He seems to speak two languages. He seems to speak two languages.b. b. It happens t

34、hat my new neighbourIt happens that my new neighbour comes comes from my home town. =from my home town. = My new neighbor happens to come from my My new neighbor happens to come from my home town.home town.2021/3/9331. It + be + adj. ( true/ certain/ possible/ obvious, likely) that2. It + be +noun phrase (no wonder/ an