2019屆高三年級英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法填空思路解析(教學(xué)案)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2019屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法填空課教案主講：李振龍課題高中英語語法填空考點分析與解題技巧重點難點一、語法填空技巧與方法（難點）二、語法填空核心考點（重點）教學(xué)步驟及教學(xué)內(nèi)容教學(xué)步驟及教學(xué)內(nèi)容教學(xué)過程：（一）上次課作業(yè)檢查與分析。（二）課前熱身，檢查學(xué)生對上堂課的掌握情況。（三）本次課教學(xué)內(nèi)容：語法填空解題思路解析1. 通讀全文，把握大意。既然是通過語篇在語境中考語法，那么，我們在解題前，應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文，把握全文大意，這一步非常重要。2. 結(jié)合語境，試填空格。讀懂短文之后，要結(jié)合短文所提供的特定的語言環(huán)境，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去分析思考空格所缺單詞的詞性，再根據(jù)句子的結(jié)

2、構(gòu)和意義，以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定具體要填的單詞和所給詞的正確形式。具體來說，可按設(shè)題類型分為三類情況：(1)純空格試題的解題技巧。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類詞。然后，再根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個連詞。確定填哪類詞有以下7個技巧：技巧1：缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。如：例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _ gets there almost in a second. 解析：and連接前后兩個句子，and后面的句子缺主語，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一分句

3、，不難推知，“馬上可到達(dá)那里”的是the message，替代the message用代詞it。技巧2：名詞前面，若沒有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞)，很可能是填限定詞。如：例2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _rice crop grow up quickly. 解析：名詞rice crop前還沒有限定詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)填限定詞；根據(jù)句意，這個急性子人當(dāng)然是急于使“他的”禾苗長得快，故填形容詞性物主代詞his。例3the head of t

4、he village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 解析：因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town前還沒有限定詞，應(yīng)填限定語；根據(jù)句意，是指將車?yán)诫x那里大約有20公里遠(yuǎn)的一個小鎮(zhèn)上去修理，表示“一個”，用不定冠詞，故填a。技巧3：句子不缺主語、表語、動詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前面，一定是填介詞。例4 who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in th

5、eir house. 解析：因a guest在句中不作主語、表語、動詞的賓語，前面一定是填介詞，使其成為該介詞的賓語；又由句意可知，他們“把我當(dāng)作客人”來接待，表示“當(dāng)作”，用介詞as。技巧4：若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能是填連詞。例5two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析：因與Pablo Picasso (畢加索)與Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波爾蒂納里)這兩個名詞之間沒有連詞，一定是填連詞；兩

6、者是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)填and。 例6all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. 解析：因melted me和gave me兩個動賓短語之間沒有連詞，一定是填連詞；兩者是并列關(guān)系，故填and。技巧5：若兩句(一個主謂關(guān)系算一個句子)之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞。例7 I wanted to see as much of the city as

7、 possible in the two days _I was to return to Guangzhou. 解析：因I wanted to是一個句子，I was to return也是一個句子，這兩個句子之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系，可知“參觀這個城市的盡可能多的地方”應(yīng)是在“返回廣州”之前，故填before。技巧6：若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do, does, did等)。例9What is acceptable in one country _b

8、e considered extremely rude in another. 解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主語從句，空格后的be considered是謂語；因其中的be是原形，故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或助動詞does(由語境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單數(shù))；由句意及作者的語氣可知，需填表示“可能”的情態(tài)動詞may。例10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular sala

9、ry.解析：這是一個由but連接的并列句，由前一分句的謂語動詞had是一般過去時可知，后一分句的謂語動詞bring也應(yīng)用一般過去時；可是，bring卻用的是原形，既與語境的時態(tài)不附，也與主語he不一致，該句不是倒裝句，因此，此處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)的助動詞did；由句意和作者的語氣推測，應(yīng)當(dāng)填對謂語表示強調(diào)的助動詞did(的確) 技巧7：由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。(1)由it isthat強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填it還是that。如：例11 and _was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt

10、eat MSG (味精)! 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為強調(diào)句，應(yīng)填it。(2)由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，還是填do, does, did等。如：例12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析：由can you expect to可知，這是倒裝句，根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知，應(yīng)填副詞only，因為“only +狀語(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒裝。(3)由it作形式主語或形式賓語

11、的句式判斷，空格處是否填it。如：例13 as _took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主語，空格處填形式主語it。例14Dating sites also make _easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，to avoid是真正的賓語，

12、easy是賓補，空格處應(yīng)填作形式賓語的it。(4)so /suchthat句型。如：例15 This made the goat so jealous _it began plotting against (謀劃對付) the donkey. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是sothat句型，應(yīng)填that。(5)morethan (與其說不如說，比更)句型。如：例16Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _ how much he pays. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是moret

13、han句型，故填that。句意是與經(jīng)理所給的報酬相比，雇員更銘記于心的是他的關(guān)心。(2) 給出了動詞的試題的解題技巧首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按以下兩點進行思考。技巧8：若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)。例17His fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 解析：因主語His fear of failure后沒有別的謂語動

14、詞，需填的動詞應(yīng)為謂語動詞；因主語與keep是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用主動語態(tài)；由從句謂語動詞played可知，要用一般過去時，故填kept。例18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away. 解析：雖然句中已有謂語動詞declined，但由and walked可知，所填詞與declined和walked是并列關(guān)系，所以也用一般過去式closed。例19 In Logan, three people _ (take)

15、to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 解析：因主語three people與take是被動關(guān)系，即三個人被送進醫(yī)院，故用被動語態(tài)；由were treated可知，要用一般過去時，故填were taken。技巧9：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用ing形式、ed形式，還是用不定式形式，確定的方法主要有：(1)作主語或賓語，通常用ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。如：例20 but it is not enough only _(memoriz

16、e) rules from a grammar book. 解析：因it是形式主語，后面用不定式作真正的主語，故填to memorize。例21 _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有謂語wont make，所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；謂語前面應(yīng)為主語，作主語，表示一般情況，要用動名詞短語，故填Speaking。(2)作目的狀語或者在形容詞后的作狀語，一般用不定式。如：例22 _ (complete) the project as planned, well hav

17、e to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有謂語will have to work，所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；因“(為了)按計劃完成這項工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時”的目的，作目的狀語，用動詞不定式，故填To complete。例23 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed). 解析：因在形容詞likely后作狀語，要用動詞不定式，故填to succeed。(3)作伴隨狀語，常用分詞

18、，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。如：例24 He saw the stone, _ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 解析：句中已有謂語saw，所給動詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語動詞；又因He與say是主動關(guān)系，故填saying作伴隨狀語。 例25 The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests.解析：句中已有謂語went，而follow又不是與之并列的，故為非謂語動詞；又因the headmaster與foll

19、ow是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞followed作伴隨狀語。(4)不論非謂語動詞在句中作何種成分，若判斷需要用分詞，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系用ing形式，是被動關(guān)系用ed形式。如：例26 There will be a meeting, _ (start) later this year to review the film. 解析：因a meeting與start是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，補充說明a meeting，故填starting。例27 Lessons _ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.

20、解析：因句中已有謂語can help，所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；又因lesson與learn是被動關(guān)系，要用過去分詞短語作定語，故填learned。(3)、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧根據(jù)該詞在句子所作句子成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有：技巧10：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。如：例28 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系動詞felt后作表語，用形容詞，故填silent。例29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea o

21、ff the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語，故填dangerous。例30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補足語，用形容詞；表示“感興趣”，填interested。技巧11：作主語、在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式。如：例31 When Chinas ancient scientific an

22、d technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.解析：在時間狀語從句中，要求填的詞作主語，Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主語的定語；作主語要用名詞，又由are可知，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故填achievements。例32 These people have made great _ (contribute) to China with their work. 解析：在句中作及物動詞hav

23、e made的賓語，要用名詞形式；表示“作貢獻”，其前面沒有不定冠詞時，習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)，故填contributions。例33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the reading解析：因with是介詞，在介詞后作賓語，要用名詞，故填information。技巧12：在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在“冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。如：例34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found e

24、lsewhere. 解析：在形容詞性物代詞(their)后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，故填similarities。例35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.解析：在冠詞后，要用名詞，故填operation。技巧13：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。如：例36  As I looked _ (close) at this girl, I fount that 解析：修飾動詞looked，作狀語，用

25、副詞，故填closely。例37 There must be something _ (serious) wrong with our society. 解析：要求填的詞修飾形容詞wrong，作狀語，用副詞，故填seriously。例38Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time 解析：修飾because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，修飾整個句子，作狀語，用副詞，故填mainly。技巧14：括號中所給詞有可能是要求詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，詞類不一定要變，主要

26、是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un, im等，在詞根后加less等。如：例39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).解析：作表語要用形容詞；又由句意可知，作者是表達(dá)“沒有什么知識是無用的”，故填useless。例40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the offi

27、ce.解析：在名詞前作定語，仍用形容詞形式；但根據(jù)句意可知，錯誤是引起不必要的麻煩事，故填unnecessary。技巧15：括號中所給動詞也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞，而是考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能是考查其比較等級。如：例41there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract) 解析：盡管attract是動詞，但這是考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的；在句中作介詞about的賓語，用名詞，故填attraction。例42The other frog went on jumping as hard as