2013暑期等離子體董家齊

1、托卡馬克輸運(yùn)研究簡(jiǎn)引托卡馬克輸運(yùn)研究簡(jiǎn)引董家齊董家齊核工業(yè)西南物理研究院核工業(yè)西南物理研究院浙浙江江大學(xué)聚變理論與模擬中心大學(xué)聚變理論與模擬中心中國(guó)等離子體物理暑期學(xué)校中國(guó)等離子體物理暑期學(xué)校 華中科技大學(xué)華中科技大學(xué)2013.7.15-7.192013.7.15-7.19目錄目錄I. I. 引言引言II. II. 單粒子運(yùn)動(dòng)單粒子運(yùn)動(dòng)III. III. 輸運(yùn)方程輸運(yùn)方程IV. IV. 輸運(yùn)模型輸運(yùn)模型V. V. 輸運(yùn)和約束研究現(xiàn)狀輸運(yùn)和約束研究現(xiàn)狀VI. VI. 結(jié)結(jié)束語(yǔ)束語(yǔ)1. 引言本屆暑期學(xué)校的主題本屆暑期學(xué)校的主題： 托卡馬克等離子體微觀不穩(wěn)定性與（質(zhì)量、動(dòng)量和能量的）輸運(yùn) 本屆暑期學(xué)

2、校的主要內(nèi)容本屆暑期學(xué)校的主要內(nèi)容 什么是微觀不穩(wěn)定性 為什么要研究微觀不穩(wěn)定性，微觀不穩(wěn)定性與輸運(yùn)的關(guān)系 輸運(yùn)與實(shí)現(xiàn)核聚變的關(guān)系 托卡馬克等離子體中的主要的微觀不穩(wěn)定性 開(kāi)展微觀不穩(wěn)定性研究的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法和手段 微觀不穩(wěn)定性研究的成果及其在輸運(yùn)和約束研究中的應(yīng)用 微觀不穩(wěn)定性和輸運(yùn)研究的現(xiàn)狀和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)本屆暑期學(xué)校的授課安排本屆暑期學(xué)校的授課安排1. EAST 1. EAST 實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)展實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)展: : 2. HL-2A2. HL-2A實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)展實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)展: :3. Status of transport study in tokamak plasmas Single charged parti

3、cle motion in tokamak magnetic configuration of circular cross section; brief introduction of classical, neoclassical and turbulent transports (particle, momentum and energy): theory and experimental observations;4. Review of methodology for experimental study of transport Main diagnostic tools, equ

4、ipment setups, experimental designs and data analysis methods, influential examples;5. Electrostatic/electromagnetic drift instabilities (ITG, ETG) in slab geometryDerivation of dispersion equations: fluid, drift kinetic and gyrokinetic; analytic solutions of the equations; physics explanation of th

5、e modes, experimental observations; 6. Linear electrostatic/electromagnetic drift instabilities (ITG, ETG, CTEM ) in tokamaks: fluid and kinetic theories and experimental observations ;Linear dispersion equations, typical results and applications, including related linear and quasi-linear theories o

6、f transport, limitations of the theories and experimental observations ; 7. Nonlinear electrostatic/electromagnetic drift instabilities (ITG, ETG, CTEM ) in tokamaks: fluid and kinetic simulationsEquations, methods, codes, applications, including related transport analysis, important results on part

7、icle, momentum and energy transport, and open issues,8. Introduction of zonal flow and GAM: theory and experiment: concepts of zonal flow (ZF) and GAM, possible roles played by ZF and GAM, non-linear excitation of GAM, experimental observations of ZF and GAM on domestic tokamaks (HT-7 and HL-2A), op

8、en issues 9. Experimental evidences and observations of electrostatic drift instabilities (ITG, ETG, CTEM ) and turbulent transport in tokamaks： Electrostatic potential fluctuations, density fluctuations, magnetic fluctuations; critical gradient of instability vs. transport dependence on gradient; t

9、ransport reduction vs. fluctuation suppression; measured fluctuation vs. theoretical predictions, transport barrier and H-mode, open issues最容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的核聚變最容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的核聚變實(shí)現(xiàn)自持核聚變的條件When W=const. and to square of the minor radius 本屆暑期學(xué)校的主題本屆暑期學(xué)校的主題 本屆暑期學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容安排的總體思路本屆暑期學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容安排的總體思路 最容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的核聚變最容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的核聚變 實(shí)現(xiàn)自持核聚變的條件實(shí)現(xiàn)

10、自持核聚變的條件 (1) (1)理想點(diǎn)火條件理想點(diǎn)火條件 (2) (2)近似點(diǎn)火條件近似點(diǎn)火條件 能量約束時(shí)間，其與輸運(yùn)系數(shù)和裝置規(guī)能量約束時(shí)間，其與輸運(yùn)系數(shù)和裝置規(guī)模（大?。┑年P(guān)系模（大小）的關(guān)系 Equilibrium magnetic fields: toroidal field Poloidal field)/cos1 (00)/cos1(00RrBBRrB),cos1 (00RrBBBB rfRrr=r1r=r2rRf0pr2prpR2pRPoloidal directionToroidal direction Tokamak Magnetic configurationII. II

11、. 單粒子運(yùn)動(dòng)單粒子運(yùn)動(dòng) Parallel (lognitudinal) motion: Rotation: Drifts of guiding center i) Electric field drift: thvv |thvvBbEVEii) magnetic gradient ( ) drift：BbnRVBmbVmg22iii) magnetic curvature drift：|,nbR RbnVlbVbVd2|2|iv)trapping, bounce and toroidal drifta) Particle trappingb) Bounce period of the tra

12、pped particlesc) Toroidal drift of trapped particles2|2rR12),(2422|25 . 0vvrRKvRq),21)()(242KERqBmvvd3, Diamagnetic drift of plasma fluids2jdjjjc PBVn q B It is in the vertical direction at the low field side (LFS) of the torus;It induces charge separation and then plasma outward motion.III. III. 輸運(yùn)

13、方程輸運(yùn)方程 IV. IV. 輸運(yùn)模型輸運(yùn)模型1. 1. 經(jīng)典輸運(yùn)經(jīng)典輸運(yùn)2. 2. 新經(jīng)典輸運(yùn)新經(jīng)典輸運(yùn)碰撞區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-粒子模型（1）lplrp碰撞區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-粒子模型（2）碰撞區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-粒子模型（3）as碰撞區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-流體模型（1）碰撞區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-流體模型（2）碰撞區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-流體模型（3）香蕉區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-粒子模型（1）香蕉區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-粒子模型（2）香蕉區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-粒子模型（3）by香蕉區(qū)的擴(kuò)散-粒子模型 （4）坪區(qū)的擴(kuò)散（1）坪區(qū)的擴(kuò)散（2）坪區(qū)的擴(kuò)散（3）徑向電場(chǎng)對(duì)擴(kuò)散的影響環(huán)向電場(chǎng)對(duì)擴(kuò)散的影響環(huán)向電場(chǎng)對(duì)擴(kuò)散的影響effect 局域輸運(yùn)局域輸運(yùn) 非局域輸運(yùn)非局域輸運(yùn)4.4.非局域輸運(yùn)非局域輸運(yùn)Gen

14、tle K W et al 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 3620Gentle K W et al 1997 Phys. Plasmas 4 3599 lCarbon injection by laser ablationlNe=1.61019 m-3 lTime response of core plasma: within 1 msTemperature from ECElA fast current ramp is used to increase edge heating within milliseconds shorter than current penetr

15、ation and thermal transport times. l Non-local effect by carbon injection l Non-local effect by a fast current rampuRepetitive SMBI prolong the non-locality phenomena to 100ms.uIntensity of the Ha decrease and the density increase.uThe stored energe increase during non-locality.The non-locality expe

16、riments with SMBI5. 5. 動(dòng)量輸運(yùn)動(dòng)量輸運(yùn) 為什么要研究動(dòng)量輸運(yùn)：為什么要研究動(dòng)量輸運(yùn)：漲落的增長(zhǎng)率與極向速度的徑向梯度（剪切）密切相關(guān)：環(huán)向速度與儲(chǔ)能和溫度梯度相關(guān)環(huán)向速度與儲(chǔ)能和溫度梯度相關(guān)：環(huán)向速度和環(huán)向速度和L-HL-H轉(zhuǎn)換功率閾值相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)換功率閾值相關(guān)： 經(jīng)典和新經(jīng)典動(dòng)量輸運(yùn)理論？V. V. 輸運(yùn)和約束研究現(xiàn)狀輸運(yùn)和約束研究現(xiàn)狀TFTRDIII-DJT-60U經(jīng)典理論與經(jīng)典理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)的比較實(shí)驗(yàn)的比較ASDEX裝置上的裝置上的H-mode實(shí)驗(yàn)特征實(shí)驗(yàn)特征 1. L-H轉(zhuǎn)換是一種分叉現(xiàn)象轉(zhuǎn)換是一種分叉現(xiàn)象(1) In an H-discharge the particl

17、e content of the plasma rises sharply without external gas feed;(2) The development of an H-discharge during the beam heating phase is determined by the setting of the plasma parameters for the preceding Ohmic phase and by the level of heating power.內(nèi)部輸運(yùn)壘內(nèi)部輸運(yùn)壘(ITB)-JET(ITB)-JETVI. VI. 結(jié)結(jié)束語(yǔ)束語(yǔ) 兩體碰撞引起的輸運(yùn)不足以解釋實(shí)驗(yàn)觀測(cè)到的輸運(yùn)引起的損