Grammar-attributiveclause

1、Attributive clause閃光的東西不一定是金子。.玩火者必自焚。誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。 結果好，一切都好。智者寡言。2. He who plays with fire gets burnt. 3. He laughs best who laughs last.4. Alls well that ends well.5. He is a wise man who speaks little. 1.All that glitters is not gold.定語從句：定語從句：修飾名詞和代詞的從句修飾名詞和代詞的從句This is the best film that I have

2、seen.定語從句the best film 先行詞that關系詞This is the best film that I have seen.關系詞引導定語從句代替先行詞在從句中擔當一個成分關系詞的作用 1） 2） 3）A.需要注意的幾個問題： a 只能用that 不能用which/who的情況先行詞既有人又有物先行詞既有人又有物I still remember the people and the things that I talked about with my friend.先行詞為不定代詞（先行詞為不定代詞（all, few, anything, something, nothin

3、g, everything)You must do everything that I do.先行詞被序數詞先行詞被序數詞, adj最高級最高級或或the only, the very the last等所修飾等所修飾He is the very person that I am looking for.先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, any, no, every等修飾等修飾,常用常用thatAny man that wants to succeed must work hard.Who is the boy _ was here just now?that主句主句里已有

4、里已有who/which，為避免重復，定語從句用，為避免重復，定語從句用that引導引導6.當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時He is no longer the boy_he was 10 years ago. that1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited

5、 ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which幾種易混的情況幾種易混的情況及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞Fill in the blank: when, where, why, which, thatin which, for whichRevision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 關系關系

6、代詞代詞指代在定語從句中所充當的成分人物句子主語賓語定語whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb關系副詞指代所充當的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial E. 介詞+ 關系代詞 1. 由先行詞的習慣搭配或根據先行詞的需要 The speed at which light travels is 300,000km per second. The room in which there is a blackboard is their classroo

7、m. 介詞可能是從句謂語的一個部分,或動詞所需要的搭配 Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. This is the job at which they laughed.2.表示所有關系或整體的一部分,常用of which China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen.A. of them B. from which C. who of

8、D. of whom D3. whose的先行詞指物時的先行詞指物時, 可用可用of which代替代替, 但詞序不同，但詞序不同，即即whose+名詞名詞=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which of which the window This is the pen _ _ I wro

9、te the letter.Is that the girl _ _ you lent your bicycle?Here is the address _ _ you should writeThese are the things _ _ I spoke just now.Is that the fish _ _ you asked the waiter?with which to whomto whichabout whichfor whichD ：as與與which引導的定語從句引導的定語從句 兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況

10、多用互換，但下列情況多用as。1. 當與當與such或或the same連用時，一般用連用時，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.2. as 引導的從句可以放在句首引導的從句可以放在句首, as 本身有本身有“正正如如.正象正象”之意，與之連用的詞有之意，與之連用的詞有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.1.The earth is ro

11、und, _ is known to all.2. _ is known to all, the earth is roundwhich asAsas 具有具有“正如正如”之意，搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：之意，搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected 結論結論: as ,which均可引導非限制性定語從句均可引導非限制性定語從句,as 引導的從句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有引導的從句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有“如如.，正象，正象”之意，之意， 與之連用的詞有與之連用的詞有know, see, exp

12、ect, announce, point out等，常用等，常用被動結構如被動結構如as is announced(據宣布）；據宣布）；as is reported（據報道）；（據報道）；as is expected(正如所期待正如所期待/料想的那樣；不出所料想的那樣；不出所料）；料）；as has been explained（正如所解釋的那樣）（正如所解釋的那樣）;關系詞關系詞1.關系代詞關系代詞2.關系副詞關系副詞1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情況指某一情況thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“

13、正如正如”whenwherewhy(主語主語/賓語賓語)(狀語狀語)1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itthat 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別先行詞為先行詞為all, littl

14、e, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代詞時，關系代詞用代詞時，關系代詞用that4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only

15、 gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行詞為先行詞為人和物的人和物的組合組合先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修飾時修飾時先行詞被先行詞被序數詞序數詞或或最高級最高級修飾先行詞前有修飾先行詞前有序數詞序數詞(the first),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the o

16、nly 等時。等時。若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或或者者 which，為了避免重復，為了避免重復, 關關系代詞不要再用系代詞不要再用 who, which，而用而用 that。 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this A.which B that C this D.itD.it只用只用which的情況

17、的情況:1,逗號后面逗號后面 2,介詞后面介詞后面2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.A.on which B that C which D.this 考點二考點二:介詞介詞+關系代詞關系代詞提醒提醒: 介詞關系代詞引導的定語從句介詞關系代詞引導的定語從句, 關鍵關鍵 是判斷介詞的選擇是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一方法一:根據從句中根據從句中動詞動詞與與先行詞先行詞習慣搭配習慣搭配方法二方法二:根據從句中動詞與先行詞的根據從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系邏輯關系 注意：注意：關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由語時，從

18、句常常由“介詞介詞+關系代詞關系代詞”引引出。此時關系代詞只能用出。此時關系代詞只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替The man is from Beijing UniversityBeijing University .I talked about him at the meetingI talked about him at the meeting.The man The man (who/whom/that)(who/whom/that) I talked I talked about about at the meeting at the m

19、eeting is from Beijing is from Beijing University.University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 關系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用關系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。該介詞通常可。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。以放在關系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。whomFilling blanks:1.The ma

20、n _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which考點三考點三 Whose 用法及轉換形式用法及轉換形式1. whose引導定語從句，其后應緊跟名詞，引導定語從句，其后應緊跟名詞，構成名詞短語。構成名詞短語。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whos

21、e cover is green.2.2.whose引導定語從句，其先行詞不僅可引導定語從句，其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物。以指人，還可以指物。 考點四：考點四：asas與與whichwhich引導的定語從句引導的定語從句 兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用可以互換，但下列情況多用asas。1. 1. 當與當與suchsuch或或the samethe same連用時，一般用連用時，一般用asas。e.g. e.g. SuchSuch books books as as you tell me are you tell me are

22、 eresting. I have I have the same the same plan plan asas you.you.2. 2. asas 引導的從句可以放在句首引導的從句可以放在句首, as , as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”之意，與之連用的詞有之意，與之連用的詞有 knowknow, , see, expect, announce, point out see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。e.g. e.g. AsAs we all know, the earth is round. we all k

23、now, the earth is round.1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As5. We do the same w

24、ork _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. likeAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行詞作先行詞時時, 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”.考點五考點五: that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別whowhowho 考點六考點六:如何判斷用如何判斷用關系副詞關系副詞還是還是關系代詞關系代詞?選用定語從句的關系詞時，需注意兩點

25、：選用定語從句的關系詞時，需注意兩點：1.先行詞先行詞2.關系詞在從句中充當的成分關系詞在從句中充當的成分。做主語，賓語，定語用做主語，賓語，定語用做狀語用做狀語用關系代詞關系代詞關系副詞關系副詞 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now

26、.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考點七考點七:定語從句中主謂一致問題定語從句中主謂一致問題 定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數方面應該與它定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數方面應該與它的的先行詞先行詞保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job isam 3. This is one of the best books 3. This is one of the best books _._. A. that have ever

27、been written A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written C. that has written D. that have written D. that have written4. She is the only one of the girls 4. She is the only one of the girls _ well in class._ well in class. A. which s

28、ings B. A. which sings B. who sing who sing C. who sings D. C. who sings D. who to singwho to sing1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解題關鍵：如果是疑問句式，將其轉化為陳解題關鍵：如果是疑問句式，將其轉化為陳述句式。述句式。Exercises2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB