高一英語語法知識(shí)及閱讀理解答案

1、高一主要語法點(diǎn)必修一：直接引語和間接引語(賓語從句)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來；定語從句必修二：定語從句(非限定定從、定從中的介詞前提)；被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))必修三：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句及同位語從句)必修四：主謂一致；非謂語動(dòng)詞(V-ing) ；構(gòu)詞法必修2 第一單元,非限制性定語從句的 第二單元 一般將來時(shí)的主被動(dòng) 第三單元現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主被動(dòng) 第四單元 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的主被動(dòng) 第五單元 介詞+which/whom的用法必修3 一二單元 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 三單元 賓語從句和表語從句 四單元 主語從句五單元 同位語從句必修4 第一單元 主謂一致

2、 第二單 v-ing作主語和賓語的用法 第三單元 v-ing作表語,定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語 第四單元 v-ing作狀語 第五單元 構(gòu)詞法必修5 第一單元 過去分詞作定語和表語 第二單元 過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 第三單元 過去分詞作狀語 第四單元 倒裝句 第五單元 省略句人教版必修一各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Unit One Friendship一、重點(diǎn)短語1.go through 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受 get through 通過；完成；接通電話2. set down 記下，放下 3. a series of 一系列4 on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 為了6. at dusk 傍晚，黃昏時(shí)刻7

3、. face to face 面對(duì)面8. fall in love 愛上9. join in 參加（某個(gè)活動(dòng)）； take part in 參加（活動(dòng)） join 加入（組織，團(tuán)隊(duì)，并成為其中一員）10. calm down 冷靜下來11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of對(duì)感到厭倦13. be concerned about 關(guān)心14. get on/along well with 與相處融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅長(zhǎng)于16. find it + adj. to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是17. no longer / not

4、 any longer 不再18. too much 太多（后接不可數(shù)n.） much too 太(后接adj.)19. notuntil 直到 才20. its no pleasure doing sth 做 并不開心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成為 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、語法-直接引語和間接引語概 念：直接引語：直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號(hào)。間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語從句且不要加引號(hào)。例： Mr. Black said, “ Im busy.” Mr. Black said that he was bu

5、sy.變化規(guī)則（一）陳述句的變化規(guī)則直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that（可省略）引導(dǎo)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。人稱的變化人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me, “Iv left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room.時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去

6、時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)例：“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.The boy said, “Im using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife. 注意：如果直接引語是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變，如：He sai

7、d, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語間接引語thisthat these thosenowthenagobefore/earliertodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next/following daythe day after tomorrowIn two days timecomegohere therethe day before y

8、esterdaytwo days before/earlier(二) 祈使句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面還要加上not。例：The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.” The hostess asked us to sit down.He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise

9、.（三）疑問句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)要把疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序，句末用句號(hào)。一般疑問句：如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí)，要改為 ask 或asked,原問句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例:“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2) 特殊疑問句：如果間接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍用原來的引導(dǎo)詞，但

10、疑問句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍?。例?“What do you want?” he asked me. He asked me what I wantedUnit two English around the world一、重點(diǎn)短語1. be different from 與不同 be the same as 與一樣2. one another 相互，彼此（=each other）3. official language 官方語言4. at the end of 在結(jié)束時(shí)5. because of 因?yàn)椋ê蠼用~或名詞性短語） because 因?yàn)椋ê蠼泳渥樱?. native speakers 說母語的

11、人7. be based on 根據(jù)，依據(jù)8. at present 目前；當(dāng)今9. especially 特別，尤其 specially 專門地10. make use of 利用 make the best of 充分利用11. a large number of 大量的，很多（作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）the number of 的數(shù)量（作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上13. believe it or not 信不信由你14. there is no such thing as 沒有這樣的事15. be

12、 expected to 被期待做某事16. play a part/role in 在起作用17. make lists of列清單18. included 包括（前面接包括的對(duì)象）Including包括（后接包括的對(duì)象）19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事command + that 從句（從句用should+V原）20. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事request + that 從句(從句用should+V原)二、語法-英語中的命令（command）語氣和請(qǐng)求(request)語氣命令語氣：表示直接命令某人做某事，語氣比較

13、重，不怎么禮貌，一般用于上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)例：1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open the window!請(qǐng)求語氣：表示請(qǐng)求某人做某事，語氣比較緩和，非常禮貌例：1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked. 2. Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal一、重點(diǎn)短語1. travel-泛指旅行journey-指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)距離的陸上旅行voyage-指長(zhǎng)距離的水上旅行，也可以指乘飛機(jī)旅行trip-常指短時(shí)間短距離

14、的旅行tour-指周游，巡回旅游，2. prefer to 更加喜歡，寧愿 prefer A to B 比起B(yǎng)，更喜歡A prefer doing to doing 比起做，寧愿做 prefer to do rather than do 與其做, 不如3. flow through 流過，流經(jīng)4. ever since 自從5. persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜歡7. insist on doing 堅(jiān)持做某事 insist + that 從句（用should+ V原）8. care about 關(guān)心9. change ones mi

15、nd 改變想法10. altitude 高度attitude 態(tài)度，看法11. make up ones mind to do下定決心做某事 = decide to do = make a decision to do 12. give in 讓步，屈服 give up 放棄13. be surprised to 對(duì)感到驚奇to ones surprise 令某人驚訝的是14. at last = finally = in the end 最終15. stop to do 停下來去做某事stop doing 停止做某事16. as usual 像往常一樣17. sothat 如此 以至于 So

16、 + adj + a/an + n. + that Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that 18. be familiar with 對(duì)熟悉（人作主語）be familiar to 為所熟悉（物作主語）二、語法:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常見的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來的動(dòng)詞有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.例：1. Im coming. 我就來 2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下個(gè)星期天做什么？ 3. I hear that

17、 you are travelling along Mekong River. 我聽說你將沿湄公河旅行 4. Where are you staying at night? 你們晚上待在哪里/Unit four Earthquakes一、重點(diǎn)短語1. right away 立刻，馬上（= at once = in no time）2. asleep 睡著的；熟睡地（fall asleep 入睡） sleep 睡；睡眠 sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/ as if 看來好像 ；似乎4. in ruins 成為廢墟5. the number of 的數(shù)量（謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)） a

18、 number of 大量（謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）6. rescue workers 營(yíng)救人員 Come to ones rescue 營(yíng)救某人7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 how often 多久，指平率 how soon 還要多久（用于將來時(shí)當(dāng)中，用in+時(shí)間段回答）9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上萬的10. dig out 挖出11. shake-泛指“動(dòng)搖，震動(dòng)”,常指左右、上下動(dòng)搖，也可以指人“震驚，顫抖” 例：1. She felt the earth shaking under him. 2. She was shake

19、n with anger. quake- 指較強(qiáng)烈的震動(dòng)，如地震 例: The building quaked on its foundation Tremble- 指人由于寒冷、恐懼、不安等引起的身體的抖動(dòng)或聲音的顫抖 例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks. Shiver- 多指寒冷引起的顫抖、哆嗦 例：A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise (roserisen)- vi, 上升；升起， 無被動(dòng)語態(tài)；g

20、ive rise to 引起 Raise（raisedraised）- vt, 舉起；籌集；養(yǎng)育 Arise ( arosearisen)-vt, 出現(xiàn)（常指問題或現(xiàn)象）13. injure- 常指因意外事故造成的損傷，也可以指感情上名譽(yù)上的傷害 例：He was injured in a car accident. harm- 泛指“傷害，損害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指無生命的 例：1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child. 2. His business was harmed for some reason. hurt- 既

21、可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害 例：1. She hurt her leg when she fell. 2. He felt hurt at your word. wound- 一般指槍傷、刀傷等在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受的傷 例：The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepared for = make preparations for 為做準(zhǔn)備15. in ones honor 向表示敬意；為紀(jì)念 Be/ feel honored to do 做感到很榮幸16. make /give/ deliver a speech 發(fā)言 opening spe

22、ech 開幕詞17. give/ provide shelter to 向提供庇護(hù)所 seek shelter from躲避18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，發(fā)生happen to do sth. 偶然；碰巧happen -指偶然發(fā)生take place-指事先計(jì)劃好的事情發(fā)生二、語法-定語從句概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。成分：先行詞，即被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞；關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who(賓格為whom,所有格為whose)；或者關(guān)系副詞where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間，起著連接主從句的作

23、用。1. 關(guān)系代詞that的用法關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主語，也能做賓語例：1）A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主語)2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作賓語)3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主語)4）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人，作賓語)2. 關(guān)系代詞which的用法 關(guān)系代詞which在定語從

24、句中只能指物，但既可以做賓語也能作主語 例：1）They planted some trees which didnt need much water. (作主語) 2）The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作賓語) 3. 關(guān)系代詞who，whom的用法關(guān)系代詞who,whom 只能指人，在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語 例：1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主語) 2）The person to whom you just talked to is

25、 Mr. Li. (作賓語)、 4. 關(guān)系代詞whose在的用法 關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中既可以做主語也可以做賓語。 例：1）This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主語) 2） The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主語) 3）He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. (指物，作賓語) 5. 關(guān)系副

26、詞when的用法 關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語 例：1）Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm. 2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?6. 關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中的用法 關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語 例：1）This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met. 2) The hotel wher

27、e (= in which ) we stayed wasnt very clean.7. 關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中的用法 關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語 例: 1). I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why(= for which) I left. 2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero一、重點(diǎn)詞匯1. selfish 自私的 selfles

28、s 無私的2. devote oneself to 致力于；獻(xiàn)身于3. fight against 對(duì)抗，反對(duì) fight for 為 而戰(zhàn)4. principle 原則 principal 校長(zhǎng)；主要的5. offer guidance to 給提供指導(dǎo)6. out of work 失業(yè)7. join 加入（組織，俱樂部，成為其中一員） join in 參加（活動(dòng)） take part in 參加（活動(dòng)）8. as + adj +as one can 盡可能 = as + adj. +as possible9. as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上（=in fact）10. blo

29、w up 爆炸，炸掉11. set up 建立 ; set about 著手，開始做（ set about doing sth.） set off 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身 ; set out 開始，出發(fā)（set out to do sth.）12. be sentenced to 被判13. be equal to 與相等；勝任14. be proud of 為感到自豪15. give out 分發(fā) （give off 散發(fā)出（氣味）16. die for 為而死 die of 死于（自身原因，如疾?。?die from 死于（外在原因，如車禍）17. realize ones dream of 實(shí)現(xiàn).的

30、夢(mèng)想18. only 位于句首時(shí)，要主謂倒裝 例：Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. Only in this way, can we protect the environment better. 二語法-定語從句詳見第四單元高一英語閱讀理解專講專練含答案及解析九 On October 12, 1989, some British scientists were working at the computers to look for the information they needed. Suddenly t

31、hey saw a lot of very bright points crossing the computers screens. At the same time the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror (恐怖), they found out that most of their stored information was got

32、 rid of by computer viruses (病毒) ! Clearly all these computers had been infected (感染) by computer viruses. It is said that the computer viruses were made by a group of young men fond of playing tricks. They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show their intelligence (才能) .

33、These kinds of computer viruses are named Jerusalem Viruses. These viruses can stay in computers for a long time. When the time comes they will attack (襲擊) the computers by lowering the functions (功能) , damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information. We now come to know th

34、at Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers on Friday and that they are spreading (傳播) to a lot of computers. Among the countries that were attacked by computer viruses last year are Britain, Australia, Switzerland and the U.S. But till now, how to get rid of the terrible viruses remains a problem.

35、根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案： 1. When the viruses attack the computers, the computers will work_ . A. normallyB. slowly C. faster D. well 2. The group of young men created the viruses to _ . A. damage the computers B. test their ability C. tell people that they were intelligent D. play a trick on users of the comp

36、uters 3. According to the passage, computer viruses seem to _. A. have been in nature for years B. stay in any computers C. be difficult to get rid of at present D. be able to be got rid of in the near future 4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Last year four countries fo

37、und their computer were infected by viruses. B. The viruses will come to a new computer after staying in the old one for some time. C. Scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses. D. The Jerusalem Viruses are dangerous to human health. 難句注釋 It is said that the computer viruses were

38、 made by a group of young men fond of playing tricks.據(jù)說計(jì)算機(jī)病毒是由一群喜歡搞惡作劇的年輕人制造出來的。 Total words:239 Reading time:_ Reading speed: _ When the time comes they will attack the computers by lowering the functions, damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information. 當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)到來時(shí)，它們就會(huì)通過減弱計(jì)算機(jī)

39、的功能、破壞它們的程序甚至刪除所有的信息來攻擊計(jì)算機(jī)。 閱讀理解 Mr Jackson lived in the centre of London but he had a hotel near the airport. There a lot of foreigners stayed for night. He didn't know any other language but English and he found it difficult for him to understand the foreign visitors. Sometimes he had to use t

40、he body language to “talk” with them, and tried his best to make himself understood. But he was often misunderstood (誤解) and it brought him a lot of trouble. A friend of his who learned a few foreign languages in a university would teach him. He was happy and studied hard. At first he learned some,

41、but soon he found it wasn't easy to remember the words and expressions. His friend advised him to write down the useful expressions in his notebook so that he could use them when necessary. He did as he was told. He found it helpful for him to do so. One evening there were plenty of people in th

42、e diningroom. They were all busy eating something except a Japanese. He was walking around there and waiting for his wife who was dressing herself up upstairs. Mr Jackson thought to himself, “The man wants to eat something but he doesnt know any English. Let me help him.” As he knew only a little Ja

43、panese, he had to bring out his notebook and showed it to the man, pointing to the sentence “Im hungry”. The Japanese had a look at it and gave him two pounds and left. 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案： 1. Mr Jackson knew only English because_ . A. he was an English student B. he had never been abroad C. he couldn'

44、;t learn by himself D. he hadn't studied any foreign languages 2. As not all foreigners understood his gestures, sometimes Mr Jackson _ to communicate with them. A. succeededB. feared C. failedD. gave up 3. The Japanese thought _ , so he gave him two pounds. A. Mr Jackson was a beggar (乞丐) B. Mr

45、 Jackson was a translator C. Mr Jackson could help him D. Mr Jackson could ring his wife up 難句注釋 He didn't know any other language but English and he found it difficult for him to understand the foreign visitors. 他除了英語其他什么語言都不懂，而且他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難聽懂外國(guó)游客說些什么。 Total words:250 Reading time:_ Reading speed: _

46、 His friend advised him to write down the useful expressions in his notebook so that he could use them when necessary. 他的朋友建議他把有用的表達(dá)方式記在筆記本上，以便在必要的時(shí)候可以運(yùn)用。 閱讀理解 Comera is the only place in the world which has a whistle (口哨) language. We do not know how and why it began because we do not know the comp

47、lete history of the island. But we can certainly imagine the reasons for the beginning of the whistle language. There are many deep valleys (峽谷) on the island. A person on one side of a valley can not easily shout to a person on the other side. But he can whistle and be heard. Some of the best whist

48、lers can be heard from four miles away and the record is seven miles. The people who live on the island usually have good teeth, and this helps them to whistle well. They must also have good ears so that they can hear other whistlers. We can understand why the whistle language continues. It is very

49、useful on the island, and quite easy to learn. When somebody is hurt or ill, the whistle language takes the place of telephone. If the sick person is quite far away from the town, people pass the message from one to another. A boy guarding cattle (放牛) on a hillside whistles to a man fishing from his

50、 boat. The last one is able to describe the trouble fully and exactly to the doctor in town. People help one another in the same way when a car breaks or a cow is lost. The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live on for hundreds of years more. Radio and TV of

51、ten kill the special ways of speaking in the different parts of a country. But on Comera you are nobody if you cannot whistle. Perhaps soon after TV arrives on the island, the people there will be whistling the news and other facts and opinions. 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案： 1. If a person on Comera island is ill,

52、 _. A. others will phone the doctors in town B. the whistle language will help pass the message to the doctor C. his family will take him to the hospital D. people will take him to town by carriage 2. From this passage we know radio and TV _ at that time. A. killed the special way of speaking B. whi

53、stled all the news and opinions C. helped Comera people to communicate D. did not appear on Comera island yet 3. Comera island is special in that_ . A. many visitors go there every year B. no visitors have ever been there C. people there have special ears to hear whistles D. people there use the whi

54、stle language to communicate with each other 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. It is not easy for a person to live on Comera island if he cannot whistle. B. The whistle language can only be found in Comera. C. The whistle language has been used for hundreds of years on the island, but will not be used any longer. D. The record shows that one best whistler can be heard by others seven miles away. 難句注釋 Comera is the only place in the world which has a whistle language. Comera是世界上惟一使用口哨語言的地方。 Total words:313 Readin