第5章抽樣與抽樣分布

1、統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 2統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 3統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 5統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 6統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 7統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 8統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 9統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 10統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 11統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 12統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 13統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1

2、 - 15統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 1612.nxxxxnnx統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 1712.nAyyynpnn統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 18十五的夜晚能看見月亮？十五的月亮比初十圓！統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 19統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 20統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 21統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 22統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 23()AmP An=事件 中包含的基本事件數(shù)樣本空間中基本事件總數(shù)統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 24().P Apm n=統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STAT

3、ISTICS1 - 25統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 26統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 27統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 28統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 29統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 30()(|)()P ABP A BP B=統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 31一旦事件一旦事件B已發(fā)生已發(fā)生ABABBAB統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 32統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 3312121()() ()454419800.808250492450P A AP A P A A=統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 3

4、4統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 35統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 361iip =統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 37xX 事件統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 38,iiiEXx p222()()iiiDXE Xxp(),E aXbYaEXbEY2().D aXba DX統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 39統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 40nxppCxXPxnxxn, 2, 1, 0,)1 ()()1 ()(,)(2pnpXDnpXE統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 41p=0.3p=0.5p=0.7二項分布圖示二項分布圖示統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計

5、學STATISTICS1 - 42統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 43統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 44( )d1.f xx統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 45( )d( )( ),baP aXbf xxF bF afX(x)abx事件aXb統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 46( )dd( ),EXxf xxxF x222222()( )d() d( )()() .DXxf xxxF xE XEXEXEX(),E aXbYaEXbEY2()D aXba DX統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 4722()21( ),2xf xex 統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATIS

6、TICS1 - 48相同而相同而不同的正態(tài)曲線不同的正態(tài)曲線 2 xf(x)相同而相同而不同的正態(tài)曲線不同的正態(tài)曲線f(x)較小較小較大較大 x統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 49 XZ標準化標準化標準正態(tài)曲線標準正態(tài)曲線 -a 0 a(z)z z(a)統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 50統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 51500 1050(500)2.7520012.7510.997020.00298P XP Z = 850 10501450 1050(8501450)200200210.977250.158650.8186 PXPZ=|1050|1.96|1050|

7、 392 0.95200XPZPX=統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 52統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 53P zz1zz 統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 54統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 552222122()(1)(1)niixxnsnx統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 56統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 57統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 58)()(22nnP)(2n統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 59221( )(21)2nzn統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 60)12(205.0)12(295. 0)18(20

8、5. 0)18(295. 09 . 0)18()18(205. 02295. 0P)50(205. 0統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 61 (1)xtt nsn統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 623,31)1(0)1(nnnntDntE當統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 63統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 64統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 65)(nttP)()(1ntnt( )tnzaa統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 66統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 67統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 6812/UnFVn統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STAT

9、ISTICS1 - 69統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 7012( ,)P FF n n112211( ,).(,)Fn nF n n統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 71統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 7211lim1niinXnP統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 73統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 74lim1.nmPpne禳镲镲-=睚镲镲鉿統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 75)(21 nnNXnii， )/(2nNX ，或或（注意：若兩個隨機變量（注意：若兩個隨機變量X、Y相互獨立，相互獨立， 則則D(X+Y)D(X)D(Y) ）統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學S

10、TATISTICS1 - 76統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 77統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 78)1(pnpnpNX ，)10()1(，NpnpnpX或：或：統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 79統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 80 x統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 81統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 83統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 84統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 85統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 865 . 21NxNii25. 1)(122NxNii統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATIS

11、TICS1 - 87第一個第一個觀察值觀察值第二個觀察值第二個觀察值統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 88第一個第一個觀察值觀察值第二個觀察值第二個觀察值x統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 89xxxnxPxniixix2122625. 0)()(5 . 2)(1niiixxPx統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 905 . 2x625. 02x統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 91統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 92x2,xNn(0,1).xNnxn統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 93x統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 942( )1,xPkkn統(tǒng)

12、計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 95x2,1NnnN統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 96xsn(1).xt nsn統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 97)25,100( Nx(90110)90100100110100555100( 22)5(2)( 2)2 (2)10.9544PxxPxP驏 -=桫-=-=-=-=統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 98)16. 0 ,39( Nx(38.540)38.5393940390.40.40.4391.252.50.4(2.5)( 1.25)0.8882PxxPxP驏-=桫驏-=-桫=-=統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 -

13、 999 .02 .02 .0aa9 .039)04.0 ,39(axPNx且9 . 02 . 02 . 0392 . 0axaP統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 10033. 02 . 065. 1a33.039 x9 . 012 . 02a95. 02 . 0a33.3967.38x統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 101統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 102(1),.pNn(,(1),XN nn統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 1032(1),1pNnnN(1),.1NnpNnN統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 104統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 10522(1).n統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTICS1 - 106x統(tǒng)計學統(tǒng)計學STATISTI