高考英語語法名詞性從句.

1、句子分類句子分類 句子句子簡單句簡單句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句四種四種句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞性從句形容詞性從句副詞性從句副詞性從句名詞性從句名詞性從句陳述句陳述句 疑問句疑問句 祈使句祈使句 感嘆句感嘆句主謂主謂 主謂賓主謂賓 主謂賓賓補主謂賓賓補 主謂雙賓主謂雙賓 主系表主系表定語從句定語從句狀語從句狀語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句主語從句主語從句同位語從句同位語從句并列句并列句and/but/so名詞性從句名詞性從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。推廣所有定義。從句。推廣所有定義。連接代詞連接代詞 who

2、, whom, whose, which, what, whatever等等 連接副詞連接副詞 how, why, when, where, however, wherever等等單純性連接詞單純性連接詞 that, whether, if, because as if /as though（不充當從句的（不充當從句的 任何成分）等任何成分）等在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句語序，即使從句表達的是疑問含義。其實所有的從句中都要用陳述句語序。The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 1. 主語從句在句中作主語的句子叫主語從句。 主語從句通常由

3、單純性連接詞that，whether 和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever等以及連接副詞 how, when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。that在從句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當成分。 Who will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. What he wa

4、nts to tell us is not clear.單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 When he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語從句作形式主語放句首，而把主語從句置句末。It is known to us how he became a writer. 用用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)It is

5、 名詞名詞 從句從句 It is a good thing that It is a pity that It is an honor that 非常榮幸非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that是常識是常識(2) It is 形容詞形容詞 從句從句 (多用多用 should) It is natural/urgent/necessary/surprising/strange that(3) It 不及物動詞不及物動詞 從句從句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4) It is 過

6、去分詞過去分詞 從句從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道據(jù)報道 It has been proved that 已證實已證實 It is said that 據(jù)說據(jù)說 主語從句主語從句(填入恰當?shù)倪B接詞）填入恰當?shù)倪B接詞）Discuss in pairs, and then fill in the blanks.1.1._ he said is right.he said is right.2.2. _ he failed the exam made his father sad.he failed the exam made his father sad.3._ he cam

7、e or not is none of my business.3._ he came or not is none of my business.4._ we will go hasnt been decided.4._ we will go hasnt been decided.何時何時/ /地地5._has saved the drowning girl is worth 5._has saved the drowning girl is worth praising.praising.（無論誰無論誰）6.6.It It is impossible _ he can commit a c

8、rime.is impossible _ he can commit a crime.7._this happened is not clear to anyone.7._this happened is not clear to anyone.怎么怎么樣樣8._ he gave up racing is a puzzle.8._ he gave up racing is a puzzle.為什么為什么WhatThat WhetherWhen / WhereWhoeverthatHowWhy2. 賓語從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 賓語從句只出現(xiàn)在兩個地方，要么是及物動詞后面，要么是介詞后面。

9、賓語從句通常由單純性連接詞賓語從句通常由單純性連接詞that，whether，if 和連接代詞和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever等等以及連接副詞以及連接副詞 how, when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。等引導(dǎo)。1.)由單純性連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由單純性連接詞由單純性連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不充當任何成分，?？墒∪?，在句中不充當任何成分，?？墒∪ィ袃蓚€或兩個以上賓語從句時但有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,從從第二個第二個賓語從句開始賓語從句開始that不可省略不可省略。 He has told me

10、（that） he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. He said （that） he could go and that his parents wouldnt come.2)用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句，?？苫Q。但從句中有or not時或介詞后的賓語從句時只能用whether引導(dǎo)。其它名詞性從句，如：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether. 一句話，所有情況都可以用whether引導(dǎo)，只有vt后的賓語從句且沒有or not時才可用if引導(dǎo)。3)當主句是I/ We think (suppose, ex

11、pect, believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定前移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. 3. 表語從句在句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。 表語從句通常由單純性連接詞表語從句通常由單純性連接詞that，whether，as if ，as though，because 和連和連接代詞接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever等等以及連接副詞以及連接副詞 how, whe

12、n, where, why等引導(dǎo)等引導(dǎo)，表語從句只出現(xiàn)在一，表語從句只出現(xiàn)在一個位置，連系動詞后，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：個位置，連系動詞后，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + 表語從句表語從句 The fact is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I want. This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed t

13、he train by one minute.注意：當主語是reason 時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。 The reason was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 4. 4. 同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句說明其前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 同位語從句通常跟在news, idea, fact, truth, thought, belief，problem，question 等名詞后面，用來解釋說明該名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代

14、詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，不能省略。 The fact that they will accept me is real.The fact that can prove his innocence lies in your telling us the truth.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句引導(dǎo)同位語從句,不能省略）不能省略）(that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作主語，不能省略）引導(dǎo)定語從句，作主語，不能省略）I have no idea that you passed your driving test.I dont know that yo