上海往年高考英語試卷及參考答案

1、2014 年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試上海英語試卷考生注意：1. 考試時間 120 分鐘，試卷滿分 150 分。2. 本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第I卷（笫 1-12頁）和第卷（第 13 頁）,全卷共 13 頁。所有答題必須 涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上 一律不得分。3. 答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓 名。第 I 卷（共 103 分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten s

2、hort conversationsbetween two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a questionwill be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversationand the question about it, read the four possible answers on yourpaper, and decide which one

3、 is the best answer to the question youhave heard.1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter.D.waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6.A. Ask for something cheaper.B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being h

4、urt. D. Bargain with the shopassistant.9. A. She doesnt plan to continue studying next year.3.agency.C. In a bank.4.roof.station.5.A. At a restaurant.B. At a car rentalD. In a driving school.A. A disaster.C. A performance.A. Catch the train.B. A newD. A TVB. Meet Jane.7.B. Take a chemistry course.C.

5、 Help him revise his report.8.A. Amused.D. Sympathetic.A. Use a computer in the lab.D. Gel her computer repaired.B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10.A.It spoke highly

6、 ofthemayor.B.It misinterpretedthemayor s speech.C. It made the mayors view cleDrer. It earnedthemayor s spech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you willbe asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages willbe read twice, but the questio

7、ns will be spoken only once. When youhear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper anddecide which one would be the best answer to the question you haveheard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70B. 20C. 25.D. 7512. A. The houses there cant be B. It is a

8、 place for work and holiday.C. he cabins and facilitiesD. It is runby the residents themselves.C. A splendid mountainD.Asuccessful businesswomanQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who sufferedfrom heart disease.C. Those who did

9、no physical exercise. D. whose who wereunmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B.They sent moremessages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average D. They edited morepassages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cantC. How unmarried people surviveD. How cancer

10、 is detected after marriage.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The13. A. A skiingB. A special communityconversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, youare required to fill in the numbered blanks withthe information you have heard. Write

11、your answers on your answersheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. WriteONE WORDfor each answer.ATravelers Survey SheetTravel purpose: for a(n) 17 in LonComments on the airport 7facilities:Likes:? 18?19 walkwaysDislikes:?20 shops? small trolleysBlanks 21

12、 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. WriteNO MORE THAN THREE WORDSfor each answer.What is critical thinking inreading?Assessing the writer ideas andthinking about the21donvironment /of what the writer is saying.What is the first step in reading anacademic text criti

13、cally?Finding out the argument and thewriters main line of 22 .What may serve as the evidence23, survey results,examples, etc.What is the key to criticalthinking?To read actively and 24II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to makethe pass

14、agescoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with agiven word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; forthe other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure apermanent job in my sma

15、ll town. So I decided to leave home for NewYork, (25)_I might have a better chance to find a goodjob. (26)_(earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, Istarted work in a local caf as a waiter. I believe that (27)_ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of liv

16、ing became a little burden on myalready (28)_ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, mysearch for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I hadstudied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure asuitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) I want toha

17、ve a better career advancement, I had tofind work in the city. Perhaps (30)_my mother had told mewas deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it.Apparently, I had difficulty (31)_(adapt) myselfto life in the ci

18、ty, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine monthsof frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not untilI returned (32)_ I realize that a quiet townlife was the best for me.(B)The giantvending machin(自動售貨機 )is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a

19、 drive when they runout of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form ofthe country s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in theDerbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock afterthe huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Pet

20、er Fox, who is (33)_ electrical engineer, spent twoand a half years working on the project. The machine (34)_(equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shopwith a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)_ is set tobe installed in oth

21、er villages in the area over the coming months, willmark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said: “ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn t find amanufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by(36) _ . The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vendingmachin

22、e. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far(37) _ (appropriate)In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarketchains (38)_ force village shops across the country to close.In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)_(urge) the local government to give financial s

23、upportto struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened uptheir won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention willoffer a solution (40)_ these villageswithout a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage b

24、y using the words in thebox. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one wordmore than you need.A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE.gentleF. imposeG. labelsH. moderationI. relieve J.signalsK.simplyLets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However,you dont have time

25、to carefully plan menus for meals or read food_41_ at the supermarket. Since you really_42_ yourself to ahealthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldnt it? This iswhere a choice architect can help_43_some of the burden of doingit all yourself. Choice architects are people who organi

26、ze the contextsin which customers make decisions. For example, the person whodecides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf thepeanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up is a choicearchitect.Governments dont have to_44_healthier lifestyles through lawsfor example, sm

27、oking bans. Rather, if given an environment created bya choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-wewill do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gentlypush customers toward making healthier choices, without removingfreedom of choice. This idea combines fr

28、eedom to choosewith_45_hints from choice architects, who aim to help people livelonger, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-calledtraffic light system to _46_foods as healthy or unhealthy. Thismeans that customers can see at a glance how much fat, su

29、gar, andsalt each product contains_47_by looking at the lights on thepackage. A green light _48_that the amounts of the three nutrientsare healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be_49_; andred means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients andshould be eaten in _50_.

30、The customer is given important healthinformation, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there arefour words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank withthe word or phrase that best fits the cont

31、ext.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation istaken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of theday, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books wevejust finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species,

32、and what do we_52_ do with it? We gossip. About others behaviour and private lives,such as whos doing what with whom, whos in and whos out-and why;how to deal with difficult _53_ situations involving children, lovers,and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _54_, ofboth ti

33、me and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particularsimply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? Its notthe case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latestbook, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, thepsychologist says gossip is one of these

34、really_55_issues.Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developedby the men at the early stage of social development in order to organizetheir manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote theexchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural.Instead he s

35、uggeststhat language evolved among women. We dontspend two-thirds of our time gossipingjust because we can talk, argues Dunba _57_, he goes on to say,language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of thehigher primates （靈長類動物）like monkeys

36、. By means ofgrooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups withother individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event ofsome kind of conflict within the group or_59_ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primatefamily, Dunbar _60_ that at

37、 one time in our history we did much thesame. Grouping together made sensebecause the bigger the group,the greater the _61_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger thegroup, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Groominghelped to _62_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the

38、groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spentin grooming activities also had to be _63_ to maintain itseffectiveness. Clearly, a more _64_ kind of grooming was needed,and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal （有聲的）grooming whichallowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger grou

39、ps byexchanging information over a wider network of individuals than wouldbe possible by one-to-one 65 contact.51. A. claimD. language52. A. occasionallyindependently53. A. socialD. cultural54. A. admirersD. wasters55. A. vitalD. difficult56. A. confirmsD. broadens57. A. for instanceD. as a result58

40、. A. motivationD. behaviour59. A. attackD. assistance60. A. recallsD. confesses61. A. prospectD. protection62. A. measureB. descriptionB. habituallyD. originallyB. politicalB. mastersB. sensitiveB. rejectsB. in additionB. appearanceB. contactB. deniesB. responsibilityB. showC.D. easeC. gossipC.histo

41、ricalC.usersC.idealC.outlinesC. on the contraryC. emotionC. inspectionC. concludesC. leadershipC. maintainconsumed64. A. commonD. thoughtful65. A. indirectD. secretD. gainedB. efficientB. dailySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passageisfollowed by several questions or unfi

42、nished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage youhave just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree? Animals cant talk,but can they lie in other

43、 ways? Can they lie with theirbodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they doagree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behavedishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps themsurvive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.Fo

44、r example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurtin order to protect its young. When apredator（獵食動物）gets closeto its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It63. A. savedB. extendedC.C. scientificC. physicalpretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows th

45、e hurt adult,leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always hassomething to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch whereothers bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to knowwhen a thief is watching them. So they go ba

46、ck later, unbury the food,and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies withoutdoing much work. How? They dont make nests. Instead, they get intoother birds nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out, their adoptive pare

47、nts feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneakyAfter a fight, thelosing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimpputs out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animalexpert once saw a losing chimp take the winners hand and startfighting again.Chimps are sn

48、eaky in other ways, too. When chimps find foodthat they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Thenother chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry verysoftly when they find food. That way, other chimps dont hear them,and they dont need to share their food.As childre

49、n, many of us learn the saying You cant foolMother Nature. But maybe you cant trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by_ .A. getting closer to its youngB. driving awaythe adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD.pretending to be injured67. By Chimpanzees, or chi

50、mps, can also be sneaky (paragraph5), the author means_ .A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimpsare sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps canbe selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away fro

51、m others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winners hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?Nature fool animals?C. How do anim

52、als learn to lie?honesty help animals survive?(B)鸚G*NEW YEARSRESOLUTIONTHAT LASTSLets say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do youmake that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Heres how it works:B. Does MotherD. How doesA habit is a 3-step process. First, theres a cue,

53、 something that tellsyour brain to operate automatically. Then theres a routine. And finally,a reward, whichTHE HABIT LOOPiwtf_ in order tt_cue 4Paul dui plan whatyiHi will sec ic Try itfor a week.Jlidnkui lalcr.Ths when Isee_ ,helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. Its what you can use tocr

54、eate-or break-habits of your own.Heres how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick.a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym.That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally,when you see the shoes, your brain will start

55、longing for the reward,which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In acouple of weeks, you wont need the chocolate at all. Your brain willcome to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point,right?70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “？” i

56、n THEHABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a newhabit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a newresolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your planmost effectively by_ .A. changing the routineB. trying it for aweek72. Whats the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out di

57、fferent kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Years resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73.“ Thyear when I see theHarry Potterposter, I will read 30pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watchTV fo

58、r half an hour. What is the cue in this resolution?A. TheHarry Potterposter.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Yourneighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what itmi

59、ght be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to anunusualvirtual reality (虛擬現(xiàn)實)device. Rikke Wahl, an actress,model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swappingexperiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group ofartists based in Barcelona. She swapped with

60、 her partner, an actor,using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarilyC. adjusting your goalD. writing it downbecame a man. As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man,dressed in my partners pants, she said. Thats the picture Iremember best.The set-up is relatively simple. Both u