初中英語語法講座講課講稿

1、初中英語語法講座這一講里，主要幫助同學(xué)們掌握名詞、冠詞、數(shù)詞的用法，特別是針對(duì)同學(xué)不易掌握的方面。一、名詞關(guān)于名詞，我們必須掌握名詞的數(shù)，名詞的格。廠單數(shù)一可用a、an來修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用an,而不是a廠可數(shù)名詞名詞的根據(jù)數(shù) J復(fù)數(shù)一不可數(shù)名詞1 .復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法：(1) 一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加s,如：dog-dogs。(2)以 s、x、ch、sh 結(jié)尾的名詞加 es,如：watch-watches 。(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i力口 es,如：country-countries。請(qǐng)區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加 y結(jié)尾的名詞，則只須加s如：monkey-monkeys

2、。(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，只有 potato( 土豆)，tomato(西紅柿)加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。(5)以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f、fe為v再加es,如：knife-knives 。2 .單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞：sheep-sheep , fish fish, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese3 .特殊變化的單詞有：(1)tooth-teeth , foot- feet(2)man-men , woman-women policeman-policemen, Frenchman-Frenchmen請(qǐng)區(qū)別：German(®國(guó)人)-Germans(3)child

3、 children4 .常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(褲子)glasses(眼鏡)，這些名詞作主語 時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意它們的謂語，用復(fù)數(shù)。如： My clothes are (be) newer than yours.5 .有些名詞看似復(fù)數(shù)形式，實(shí)際上是單數(shù)。這一點(diǎn)是同學(xué)不易掌握的，應(yīng)特別加以記憶。如：news(消息)，maths(數(shù) 學(xué)),physics(物理)No news is good news.6 .可用 how many many a few , few, a lot of , lots of , some, any 等來修

4、飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。How many are there in your pencil-box? (knife)不可數(shù)名詞：1 .常見的不可數(shù)名詞有： water , rice , fish , meat,等。應(yīng)特另心己 medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2 .不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)?？闯蓡螖?shù)。如：Some bread over there. (be)3 .常用 how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。4

5、 .常用a piece of, a cup of等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。如要表達(dá)“兩片面包”這樣的意義，bread仍為不可數(shù)名詞，不力口 s,而 piece 貝可力口 s。即：two pieces of bread請(qǐng)區(qū)別：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來表示，如：三箱蘋果three boxes of apples例： 1、These two pieces of bread are over_there.(be)2、Could I have three ,please ?A. piece of breadB. .piece of breadsC. pieces of breadD .pieces of bre

6、ads名詞的格名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法，在名詞后加“s"。如：Torm Tom's譯為“的”，若遇上以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則在s后加“”即可。如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday ,而不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，仍按慣例 加's 。如：Children's Day關(guān)于名詞所有格，應(yīng)掌握以下幾點(diǎn)：1 .可用名詞所有格表示地點(diǎn)。如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。go to the doctor's 去醫(yī)生家。2 .表示兩人共同擁有，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's如：Lucy and Lily'

7、s露西和莉莉的3 .掌握詞組：a girl of five一個(gè)五歲的女孩a friend of mine 我的一個(gè)朋友eg ; The white shirt is and blue one isA、Kate ,my B .Kate's ,mineC .Kate ,mine D .Kate's, my二、冠詞冠詞是詞匯中的基礎(chǔ)的，也是簡(jiǎn)單的部分，所以同學(xué)們有必要掌握其基本用法，中考也會(huì)體現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。歸納起來， 同學(xué)們應(yīng)該掌握以下幾點(diǎn)：1 .冠詞指不定冠詞a, an和定冠詞the2 .不定冠詞an常用于元音發(fā)音開頭的詞前，如： an hour, an English car.請(qǐng)區(qū)別

8、：a useful machine3 .指上文提到過的人或物，用定冠詞the4 .在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前用定冠詞the.如：the sun ,the moon, the earth5 .定冠詞the用于序數(shù)詞前，表示方位的名詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。如：the first, the best ,in the south6 .在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the,表示xx 一家人，常看成復(fù)數(shù)。如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.7 .在介詞短語中常用定冠詞 the ,如：in the box ,behind the chair8

9、.特別注意不能用定冠詞the的幾個(gè)方面：(1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年等詞前不用冠詞。如：in summer, in August 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：in the spring of 1945. (這里表示特指，故加the)(2) 一日三餐和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名不用冠詞。如：have breakfast ,play football(3) 一些固定詞組中，如：go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,at night.9.在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別：in front of在前面in the hospital在醫(yī)院里in the front of在范圍內(nèi)的前部in

10、hospital ( 生病)住院There's 800-metre-long road behind hospital.A. an, anB .a, aC .an, theD. a, the三、數(shù)詞同學(xué)們首先應(yīng)會(huì)讀會(huì)寫所有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，以及與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的鐘點(diǎn)表達(dá)法。對(duì)數(shù)詞的考查，中考常采用單選題 及聽力題，這些題型歸納起來，應(yīng)掌握以下幾點(diǎn)特別容易出錯(cuò)的地方。1.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞。其規(guī)律為：1,2,3 特殊記，加th 從 4 起 (first, second, third, fourth)8少t , 9去e,千萬別忘記(eighth ,ninth)逢 5 逢12， ve 變 f (fift

11、h ,twelfth)20 到 90， y 要變 ie (twentieth ,ninetieth)若是幾十幾，前基后序別倒位(ninety-first)2 .hundred,thousand,million在構(gòu)成具體的數(shù)字時(shí)用單數(shù)形式。如： five hundred people.只有在表達(dá)籠統(tǒng)的多數(shù)時(shí)才加s,構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式。hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的，成百上千的thousands of 數(shù)以千計(jì)的，成千上萬的millions of 數(shù)百萬的這些詞組前不能用具體數(shù)字。3 . 序數(shù)詞常與定冠詞the 連用。eg: Henry has learned eight French words

12、this year.A. hundredB. hundredsC .hundred ofD .hundreds ofThe lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)另外，同學(xué)們還應(yīng)掌握與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的鐘點(diǎn)表達(dá)法。順讀法 ( 鐘點(diǎn)分鐘) 如： 4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five4:15 four fifteen倒讀法 ( 分鐘 to past 鐘點(diǎn) ) 如： 4:30 half past four4:15 fifteen past four a quarter past four4:45 fi

13、fteen to five a quarter to five 練習(xí)題1 .At the beginning of the(twenty) century, the world's population was about 1700 million.2 .Are these(watch)yours? Yes.3 .You don't look well. You'd better go to the(doctor) at once.4 .Would you give me , please?A. two papersB .two piece of paperC. two

14、 pieces of paperD .two pieces of papers5 .There are three and seven in the picture.A. monkeys , sheeps B. monkeys, sheepC. monkies, sheep D. monkies, sheeps6 .A lot ofare talking with two.A. Germans, Frenchmans B. Germen, Frenchmans C. German, Frenchmen D. Germans, Frenchmen7 .June 1 is .A. the Chil

15、dren's DayB. the C hildrens' DayC .Children's Day D. Childrens' Day思考題1 .people went out to see what had happened.A. Thousands of B. Three thousand of C. Thousand of D. Three thousands2 .We have been in the school for.A. three and a half monthB .three and a half monthsC. three month

16、and a halfD .three months and half3.English isuseful language.A.A, anB./, aC. The, anD. A, /四、代詞（一 ）人稱代詞主格youheshe itwe you they賓格me youhimheritus youthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhisheritsour your their名詞性mine yours his hersits oursyours theirs反身代詞myself yourself himself herselfitself ourselves yourselvesthems

17、elves1. 形容詞性物主代詞在句中只能作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，名詞性物主代詞在句中可作表語、主語和賓語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。2. 注意名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關(guān)系, 是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：（1） These books aren't ours.Ours are new.（ 這里 ours=our books） This is not our room.Ours is over there. （ 這里 ours=our room）3. "of+ 名詞性物主代詞"表示所屬如： a sister of his他的一個(gè)妹妹a friend of mine我的一個(gè)朋友4.

18、 人稱代詞在并列使用時(shí)的順序?yàn)椋骸暗诙朔Q，第三人稱，第一人稱”。如： You, she and I all enjoy the music.5. 關(guān)于反身代詞，同學(xué)們須掌握其固定結(jié)構(gòu)：enjoy oneself=have a good time （ 過得很愉快）by oneself=alone （ 單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自）help oneself to （隨便吃/喝 些）=teach oneself sth. （ 自學(xué) ）learn sth. by oneself練習(xí)題1 .-Whose trousers are these?-, I think.A. They B. Their C. Theirs D

19、. ThemHe taught2 . Nobody taught_ English.A. him, himself（二）修飾可數(shù)詞many修飾不數(shù)名詞B. his, himselffew 表否定意義muchC .him, by himselfa few 表肯定意義little 表否定意義D. his, hisa little 表肯定意義few 和 little 與 quite 或 only 連用時(shí)，常加不定冠詞a.如 :There are quite a few new books in the library.用 little, a little, few, a few填空 :1.I oft

20、en stay at home because I have friends here.2 .Jim,don't go and get some water. There is water in the glass.3 .Though he learned French only weeks. He can speak very well.4 .Lily had bread because she was hungry yesterday.（三）不定代詞: something, anything, nothing.當(dāng)形容詞修飾這三個(gè)不定代詞時(shí)，常后置。如： something newT

21、here's in today's newspaper. 中考題A. important anythingB. important somethingC. anything importantD. something important（ 四 ） 另外，代詞some, every, all, both, either, anotherI.some （一些，某）一般用于肯定句中注：some有時(shí)也可用于表示請(qǐng)求的疑問句中。any （任何）多用于疑問句和否定旬 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I a

22、sk some questions? Could I have some apples?2 .every 單數(shù)名詞 “每一個(gè)”強(qiáng)調(diào)共性，作定語, 形式上為單數(shù)。each “每一個(gè)”強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性，作定語、主語、賓語和同位語，常與of 連用。如： Each student was asked to try again.Each of them has a nice skirt.Every child likes playing games.3 . all “ （全部 ）都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位語時(shí)，一般放在連系、助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。none “沒有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介詞 o

23、f如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.None of us is/are afraid of dogs. （單、復(fù)數(shù)均可）4 .both “（兩者）都”作主語時(shí)，看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定語時(shí)，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)。either “兩者中任何一個(gè)”, 作主語時(shí)，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語時(shí)，后跟名詞單數(shù)。neither “ （兩者 ）都不” , 含有否定意義，用法同either 。如：They both swim well. = Both of them swim well.There are trees on both sides of

24、 the street.= There are trees on either side of the street.Neither of us is going to Beijing next weekNeither answer is right.5 . another + 單數(shù)名詞, “另一個(gè)”one the other ”一個(gè), 另一個(gè)”the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞= the others “其他的人或物”（指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部）others “別人”(五)疑問代詞 5 個(gè) “wH' , 即 who, whose, whom, what, whichwhich.這里，wh

25、ich是同學(xué)們不易掌握的內(nèi)容，其實(shí)，同學(xué)們只須記住，對(duì)作定語的內(nèi)容提問，常用I'm going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考題)are you going to take?五、形容詞副詞大多數(shù)的形容詞、副詞都有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)：比較級(jí)：比較，更一些最高級(jí)：最(A) 1.構(gòu)成：(規(guī)則情況)情 況變化方法例詞單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞：一般情況力口 er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest以字母 e 結(jié)尾力口 r, st nice-nicer-nicest重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫加er, est big-big

26、ger-biggest 以輔音字母力口 y 結(jié)尾 變 y 為i力口 er, est early-earlier-earliest部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞在詞前加more, mostslowly-more slowly-most slowly2.不規(guī)則變化，須熟記：good/well-better-bestmany/much-more-most far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worstlittle-less-least(B)常見的使用情況1 .asas和一樣(中間用原級(jí))2 .not as(so) as和.不一樣(中間用原級(jí))3 - - than 一

27、.比 (用比較級(jí))4 .有范圍修飾的用最高級(jí)如:in, of, among或用從句修飾的eg. (l)Winter is the coldest season of the year. This is the best filmthat I have ever seen .5 .比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí) 意為“越來越”eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful6 . The+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí) 越.就越. eg:The more, the better. 越多越好(C)注意點(diǎn)：1 .形容詞最高級(jí)前一定要用the,副詞最高級(jí)前可省略。2 .可用

28、much, a little, even, still等修飾比較級(jí)。3 .在比較級(jí)中為了避免重復(fù)，在than后常用one, that, those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞eg: The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.(D)掌握三種同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：1 .He is taller than any other student in his class.=He is the tallest (student)in his class.2 .This film is less interesting than that one.=This fi

29、lm isn't as interesting as that one.=That film is more interesting than this one.3 .I prefer maths to English.=I like maths better than English.96 中考題：Which do you like , fish, meat eggs?A .best, or B .better, or C .best, and D. better, and此外，關(guān)于形容詞、副詞的內(nèi)容同學(xué)們還須掌握：1. 形容詞修飾名詞作定語，跟在連系動(dòng)詞之后作表語。2. 副詞修飾動(dòng)

30、詞、形容詞或其它副詞enough 屬例外詞：形/ 副 +enough to do enough+ 名詞eg; she is old enough to go to school.她夠上學(xué)的年齡了。3. 區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞:也too 用于肯定、疑問句also 較為正式書面語either 用于否定句已經(jīng)already 常用于肯定句、疑問句yet 常用于否定句、疑問句不再no (not any) longer 從時(shí)間上講no (not any) more 從動(dòng)作上講如此這樣such 修飾名詞eg: such a big boxso 修飾形容詞、副詞eg: so big單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自alone 作表語

31、=by oneself孤獨(dú)的lonely 可作表語、定語eg: A group of girls are singing and dancing over there. (happy)練習(xí)題1 .The students are having a good time in the park.Some are drawing by the lake. are climbing the hill.A. Others B. Other C. Another D. The other2 .There isn't in today's newspaper.A. important som

32、ething B. important anythingC. anything importantD. nothing important3 .-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?-No ,Mum. It's not . It's .A. hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D. hers, mine思考題1. The Changjiang River is the third river in the world.A. long B. longer C. longestD. t

33、he longest2. An elephant is than a horse.A. more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong3. Which do you like , tea, orange or water?A. good B .Well C. Better D. Best六、介詞1與形容詞搭配的詞組有：be afraid of （怕）be away from （不在某地）be good at （善于）be interested in（對(duì)感興趣）be/get ready for （為作好準(zhǔn)備）

34、be worried about（為感至U擔(dān)憂）be angry with （生某人的氣）be different from（與不同）be good/ bad for （對(duì)有益 / 有害）be late for（遲到）be sure of （對(duì)有把握）2介詞后常用人稱代詞賓格和動(dòng)詞-ing 形式1）You must take good care of her.2）Thank you for teaching us so well.3幾組易混淆的介詞A “ 在 . 之后” in + 一段時(shí)間（用于一般將來時(shí)） after + 一段時(shí)間（用于一般過去時(shí)） after + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間（常用于一般將來時(shí)

35、）如： The babystopped cryingafterhalf an hour.The baby will stop cryinginhalf anhour.They will visit their teacher after Friday.B f or + 一段時(shí)間 since + 過去的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間 這兩者均用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，具體在時(shí)態(tài)部分，我會(huì)繼續(xù)向同學(xué)們講解。C. be made of "用制成"be made in “由某地制造” be made by somebody “由某人制成” D i n, on, at 表時(shí)間 in “在某月 （ 季節(jié)、年 ）等”e

36、g: in 1996, in January, in summer固定詞組：in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the endon " 用于指具體的某一天或?qū)Ｖ改骋惶焐衔?、下午或晚上?quot;eg: on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16at “用于具體時(shí)刻前和某些固定詞組中”固定詞組：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this

37、time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time注意：在表時(shí)間里，下列情況下一般不用介詞。詞組里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one,every, all 以及 the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorrow 前不用介詞。 如 : 不能說 in tomorrow ,只能說 tomorrow 在明天E. except + 賓格/doing something "

38、;除之外”（不包括本身）Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. （同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）=Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.F “ 用” 通過交通工具by plane用語言 in English通過媒介on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV用工具手段with a pen, with one's handsG between “在和 （兩者）之間”between.and.,between the two.among 在 . 之間 （三者或三者以上）

39、eg. Sue spent over two hours her homework yesterday evening.A. on B. with C. at D. over七、連詞1并列連詞both and既又謂語用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞neither nor既不也不令否定意義，（就近原則）謂語動(dòng)詞由靠近它的那個(gè)主語來決定單復(fù)數(shù)。either or "或者 或者” “不是就是”and “和”連接兩個(gè)并列成分，連接謂語時(shí)，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致。but “但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折，不能與though 同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中。or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列舉常用 or ，而不用and 。eg: I have bro

40、thers and sisters.（ 否 ）I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.2引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞陳述句： that 可省略一般疑問句：if /whether “是否”特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞3 .引導(dǎo)原因狀從的有：because (不能與so同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在旬中)4 .引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞：A. when (當(dāng)一時(shí)候),as soon as(一就),notuntil (直到才),after (在之后),引導(dǎo)的主從 復(fù)合句，主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來代替一般將來時(shí)。eg: I

41、 won't leave until he comes back.B. since (自從以來)引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句，主句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。eg: We haven't met each other since she left here last year.C. while (當(dāng)一時(shí)候，一邊一邊)它引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.5 .引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞：if“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀從，主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。請(qǐng)區(qū)別于if “是否”相當(dāng)于whethe

42、r ,引導(dǎo)賓語從句，時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)語境確定eg:1)I don't know if it (rain) tomorrow.2)If it(rain) tomorrow, I(not climb) the hills.3)Joan and Mary haven't seen each other they left school five years ago.A. as B. before C .after D. since八、動(dòng)詞可以分為四類：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(或稱行為動(dòng)詞)連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及助動(dòng)詞。一、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(行為動(dòng)詞)1 .不及物動(dòng)詞：不能直接跟賓語，常須加了介詞后方能加賓語如:l

43、ook at (for, after), get to (on), operate on, hear of, hear from, point to (at), worry about, knock at, play with, think about 等2 .及物動(dòng)詞：后面必須跟賓語，意義才完整在及物動(dòng)詞+副詞 構(gòu)成動(dòng)副搭配時(shí)，代詞放中間這一點(diǎn)同學(xué)們常易忘記，故應(yīng)特別加以記憶。如:turn on( V) turn on the radio(V) turn the radio on( V)turn on it( x) turn it on( V)常見的動(dòng)副搭配的詞組有：put on, pick

44、 up, look up, wake up, try on, write down, move away, take away等3 .注意行為動(dòng)詞的幾種變化形式原形enjoy第三人稱單數(shù)enjoys過去式enjoyed過去分詞enjoyed現(xiàn)在分詞enjoying象過去式，過去分詞，同學(xué)們須熟記初中所學(xué)的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表。現(xiàn)在分詞的變化方法，一般是直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing ,有幾個(gè)特殊的可加以記憶：lie-lying, die-dying要雙寫的單詞有：一個(gè) m(swim-swimming)一個(gè) g(dig-digging)三個(gè)n（run-running, win-winning, begin-b

45、eginning）三個(gè)p（stop-stopping, shop-shopping ,drop-dropping）還有六個(gè)t（sit-sitting, hit-hitting， get-getting, let-letting, put-putting, forget-forgetting）同學(xué)們特別應(yīng)注意forget, begin 這種雙音節(jié)單詞。另外， eat, wait 這兩個(gè)詞不是重讀閉音節(jié)，故不能雙寫加ing ，這也是同學(xué)們易犯的錯(cuò)誤。4 . 請(qǐng)區(qū)別幾組易混淆的同義動(dòng)詞第一組look-see-watch-readlook看 look at the birdsee看見 see a fi

46、lmwatch 觀看、注視watch TV ， watch a football matchread讀 ，閱讀 read a book ， read newspapers第二組say-speak-talk-tellsay說（不及物動(dòng)詞） say to sb. , （ 后跟引語） say it again （ 后常跟 it）speak講，發(fā)言（不及物動(dòng)詞） speak at the meeting learn to speak speak Englishtalk談話（不及物動(dòng)詞） talk about sth.（ 談?wù)撃呈拢?talk with sb.（ 和某人交談）tell告訴，講（及物動(dòng)詞）

47、 tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth. tell sb. about sth. （ 后常跟某人） tell the time “報(bào)時(shí)” / tell a story “講故事”用 say, speak, talk,tell 的適當(dāng)形式填空：I.Can you Japanese?2 .The teacher us not to play in the street.3 .Would you please it in English?4 .What are you about?第三組borrow-lendborrow 借進(jìn)（短暫動(dòng)詞） borr

48、ow sth. （ 借某物 ） borrow sth. from sb. （ 向某人借某物）如 May I borrow your bike? Mine is broken.lend借出（短暫動(dòng)詞）lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.（ 把某物借給某人）如 :You mustn't lend it to others.keep 借（一段時(shí)間），常與一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如 : How long may I keep it?第四組bring-takebring 帶來（表示從遠(yuǎn)處拿到說話的地點(diǎn)來），常與here, me 搭配如： Please b

49、ring my hat to me tomorrow.take帶走（表示從說話地點(diǎn)拿到遠(yuǎn)處去），常與there, away 搭配如： Take your raincoat with you. It's going to rain.第五組listen-hearlisten 聽 不及物，常與介詞to 連用如 :I listened carefully, but heard nothing.Hear 聽到 及物 后直接跟賓語hear from sb 收到某人的來信如 :Jim's mother haven't heard from him for a long time.he

50、ar of 聽說如 :Have you heard of the news?第六組look for-find-find outlook for尋找（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）find找到發(fā)現(xiàn)（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）如 :We looked for him everywhere but didn't find him. find out查明（通過調(diào)查研究找到事實(shí)的真相）如 :Can you find out who broke the window?第七組put on-wear-dressput on 穿上 （強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）如 :It's cold outside. Please put on your coa

51、t.wear 穿著（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）如 :Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today.dress 打扮，給.穿衣服 dress sb. / oneself 給某人（或自己）穿衣服 get dressed 穿好衣服 dress up 打扮 穿上盛裝”如 :She often dresses up in a red skirt.第八組forget-leaveforget忘了某物如 :I forgot to tell you about it.leave把某物忘在某地如 :Kate left her key to her room at home.5有些及物動(dòng)詞后可以跟雙賓語

52、即直接賓語（表物）和間接賓語（表人），間接賓語通常位于直接賓語之前，若顛倒兩者的位置，則通常在間接賓語前加一個(gè)介詞（to 或 for ）。1）2）draw sth. for sb.pass sth. to sb.make sth. for sb.give sth. to sb.mend sth. for sb.buy sth. for sb. get sth. for sb. cook sth. for sb. keep sth. for sb. return sth. for sb. lend sth. to sb.show sth. to sb. bring sth. to sb. tak

53、e sth. to sb. write sth. to sb. send sth. to sb.Eg: How much did you all these things?A. spend B .give C. cost D. pay for二.連系動(dòng)詞eg: His grandpa has been for over ten years.(die)常見的連系動(dòng)詞有：be + adj. / n.是，在become + n. /adj.變成turn + adj.變得get + adj.變得grow + adj.長(zhǎng)得keep + adj.保持著feel + adj.感到look + adj.看上去

54、seem + adj./n.看起來好象smell + adj.聞起來fall asleep入睡三.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1 .can:能，會(huì) 表示能力，相當(dāng)于be able to ?？梢?，表示許可，相當(dāng)于maycan' t be 不可能2 .may:可以，可能，或許may be 可能請(qǐng)區(qū)別 maybe副詞可能3 .must:必須，表示肯定的猜測(cè)must be準(zhǔn)是，一定是4 .could:比can語氣更委婉，客氣，并不表示過去時(shí)。5 .注意回答形式：May I.? Yes, you may_No, you can't (mustn't). Must I .? Yes, you must

55、. No,you needn't.6 .must表示說話人的主觀看法，have to 表示外界客觀愿望，不得不 如：(1) Her mother is ill. She has to stay at home and take care of her. You must look after your clothes.7.should表示"應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該"，與疑問詞連用表意外，驚奇。What should I do?我該怎么辦呢？8.will, would在交際用語中，would更客氣，表邀請(qǐng)。W川 you.? . 好嗎？Would you.?四、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞有 do,

56、 does, did, have, has, will, would等五、動(dòng)詞不定式形式：to +動(dòng)詞原形特點(diǎn)：1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化。2 .在句中不能作謂語。3 .可以有自己的賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成不定式短語。1 .使役動(dòng)詞:let, make感觀動(dòng)詞：see, hear, watch, feel, notice 之后必須使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式。如：(1) Nothing could make him get angry. I often hear her sing in the morning.2 .had better后使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式。如： You had better do j£by yourself.3.It 作形式主語，可用to do 作真正的主語。如：(1)