英語(yǔ)五大基本句型詳解及練習(xí)(配答案)

1、2021屆高三 英語(yǔ)五種簡(jiǎn)單句 一從英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)上說，除了修飾名詞的定語(yǔ)和修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)外，在千變?nèi)f化的句子中可歸納為五個(gè)根本句式，一般地說，某些動(dòng)詞在某一句式中，下面我們把這些句型和常用的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行歸類，供大家參考。一、 S(主) + Vi (不及物動(dòng)詞) 謂 Time (s) + flies (Vi) 兩天過去了。 冬天快要來了。 受傷的貓死了。 發(fā)生了一宗交通事故。1) S + Vi + adverbial ( 副詞作狀語(yǔ))Birds sing beautifully. 他快樂地離開了。 女孩安靜地走了進(jìn)來。 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和平地結(jié)束了。 雨漸漸地停了。2S + Vi + Prep phase (

2、介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))He went on holiday. 他們會(huì)在三點(diǎn)鐘到。 那群孩子步行去上學(xué)。3S + Vi +Infinitive (不定式作狀語(yǔ))We stopped to have a rest. 他起得早是為了讀英語(yǔ)。 他希望做醫(yī)生。4S + Vi +Participle (現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)) I will go swimming. 我們明天一起去釣魚。 我明天去劃船。 昨天他們?nèi)ス浣帧?021屆高三 英語(yǔ)五種簡(jiǎn)單句 二S主+ Vt( 及物動(dòng)詞) 謂+ Object (賓) - We like English.1） S + Vt + N/ Pron (名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ))I like m

3、usic. / I like her. 他去年教數(shù)學(xué)。 我們已收到了他們的來信。2S + Vt + Infinitive (不定式作賓語(yǔ)) I want to help him. 他爸爸期待擁有一家工廠。 他們假裝在看書。 我嘗試去解決那個(gè)問題。常用于這個(gè)句型的動(dòng)詞有：attempt ,dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, wish, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, manage, plan, fail, try, agree等。3) S + Vt + 疑

4、問詞 + Infinitive 疑問詞加不定式作賓語(yǔ) I dont know what to do. 我在想明天去哪里。 你決定要買什么了嗎？ 我想知道什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。常用于這個(gè)句型的動(dòng)詞有： ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。4S + Vt + Gerund(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)) I enjoy living here. 他每天

5、都練習(xí)說英語(yǔ)。 李阿姨忍不住笑了。 我期待明天見到你。常用于這個(gè)句型的動(dòng)詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, cant help, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit, put off, devote to, make a contribution to, look forward to, feel like, get/be used to, pay atte

6、ntion to, have trouble/ difficulty in, be fond of, be worth 等。2021屆高三 英語(yǔ)五種簡(jiǎn)單句 三S主+ Lv (系動(dòng)詞) + P (表) 【謂語(yǔ)】We are Chinese.除了be系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞：1) 表感官的動(dòng)詞： feel, smell, taste, sound, look, 等2) 表變化的動(dòng)詞：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, come等3) 表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞：remain, keep, stay, stand, continue, lie等4) 表表象

7、的動(dòng)詞：seem, appear, look 等5) 表終止的動(dòng)詞：prove, turn out等1） S+Lv+N/Pron(名詞、代詞作表語(yǔ))He is a boy. / This is mine. 他們是美國(guó)人。 我是一個(gè)英語(yǔ)教師。 桌子上的那本書是我的。2） S+Lv+ Adj( 形容詞作表語(yǔ))：She is beautiful. 眾所周知，牛肉在英國(guó)很受歡送。 閱讀很有用。 冰箱里的食物變質(zhì)了。 昨天他們遲到了。3） S+Lv+Adv副詞作表語(yǔ)：Class is over。 他的父母出去了。 關(guān)于魯迅的那部電影放了半個(gè)小時(shí)了。4） S+Lv+Prep+Phrase (介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)

8、)：He is in good health. 昨晚你在家嗎？ 那個(gè)女孩還在辦公室。 他病了。5） S+Lv+participle分詞作表語(yǔ)He is excited. The film is interesting. 昨天我聽到的那個(gè)故事令人害怕。 那場(chǎng)籃球賽令人興奮。 那個(gè)老板對(duì)我的工作很滿意。2021屆高三 英語(yǔ)五種簡(jiǎn)單句 四S主+ Vt謂+ Indirect Object (間賓)+Direct Object (直賓) 【雙賓】 eg. I give you help.1) S + Vt +N/Porn (間賓) + N (直賓)I sent him a book. / I bough

9、t Mary a book. 我父親給我姐姐帶來了一臺(tái) PC。 陳老師叫我們語(yǔ)文。 給我看看你的執(zhí)照。 2) S + Vt +N (直賓) + to/ for +N /Porn (間賓)I sent a book to him. / He bought a coat for me.間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有：allow, bring, deny, do (帶來)， give，grant，hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell,

10、send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。 警察提供一日三餐給犯人。 他從來都不把他的小車借給別人。 音樂給我們帶來快樂。 間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有：buy，cash，choose，fetch，get，leave，make， order，paint，play演奏，save，sing，spare等。 你能抽出一些時(shí)間給小朋友嗎？ 我將為你挑一份精美的禮物。 我會(huì)為你給房間上油漆。 2021屆高三 英語(yǔ)五種簡(jiǎn)單句 五S主+ Vt謂+ Object (賓) + OC (賓補(bǔ)) 【復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)】1) S + Vt +N/Porn (賓) + N (賓補(bǔ)) We

11、 named our baby Tom. 我們選他為總統(tǒng)。 我們選她做班長(zhǎng)。 Note：表示獨(dú)一的頭銜、職位或身份的名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不用冠詞常用于這個(gè)句型的動(dòng)詞有：appoint，call，choose，elect，entitle，find，make，name，nominate命名.2) S + Vt +N/Porn (賓) + adj. (賓補(bǔ)) He painted the wall white.他的話令我發(fā)狂。 我們認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工作很容易。 常用于這個(gè)句型的動(dòng)詞有：boil，think，drive，find，get，hold，keep，leave，like，make，paint，see，s

12、et，turn，want，wash，wipe，wish3) S + Vt +N/Porn (賓) + prep phrase (賓補(bǔ))She always keeps everything in good order. 請(qǐng)不要客氣就像在家一樣。 4) S + Vt +N/Porn (賓) +infinitive (賓補(bǔ))The teacher asked him to leave. / I made him work.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：a) 不定式帶to 的詞：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourag

13、e, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish.老師鼓勵(lì)我們每天鍛煉身體。 b) 不定式不帶to 的詞：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch.李華昨晚見到他們離開了。 5) S + Vt +N/Porn + (賓) + participle 分詞做賓補(bǔ)I

14、 heard my name called. / I feel something moving. 他成功地使自己被別人明白了。 剛剛我看見孩子們正在河邊玩。 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：catch，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，leave， listen to，look at，notice，observe，perceive，see，set，smell，start，watch5) S + Vt +N/Porn + wh-word + infinitive He show me how to do it. Answer:一一、Two days passed/

15、 went by/ have gone.Winter is coming soon./ Winter will come.The injured cat died.A traffic accident happened.1)He left happily.The girl came in quietly.The war ended peacefully.The rain stopped gradually.2)He will arrive at 3 oclock.The group of children went to school on foot.3)He gets up very ear

16、ly to read English.He hopes to be a doctor.4)We will go fishing tomorrow.I will go boating tomorrow.He went shopping yesterday.二1)He taught moths last year.We have received their letters./ We have heard from them.2)His father expected to own/ have a factory.He pretended to be reading.I try/ attempte

17、d to solve the problem/ question.3)I think/ wonder where to go tomorrow.Have you decided what to buy?/ Do you decide what to buy?I wonder/ want to know when to set off/ go/ leave.4)He practices speaking English every day.Aunt Li cant help laughing.I expect to see you tomorrow./ Im looking forward to

18、 seeing/ meeting you.(三)1)They are Americans.I am an English teacher./ I am a teacher of English.That book on the desk is mine.2)As everyone knows, beef is very popular/ welcome in Britain/ England.Reading is useful. / Reading is of great use.The food in the fridge/ refrigerator/ ice box has gone ba

19、d. They were late for school yesterday.3)His parents are out.The movie about Lu Xun has been on half an hour.4)Were you at home last night?That girl is still in the office.He is in bad condition./ He is in hospital.5)That story which I heard yesterday was frightening/ horrifying.That basketball match/ game is exciting.That boss is satisfied with my job/ work.(四)1)My father brought