初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)(時(shí)態(tài))

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))一、知識(shí)再現(xiàn)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)1、概念：(1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用， 如 yesterday, in 2013, 等。如：I(get) up at 6:00 this morning.(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和 、等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)連用。如： My father often(go) to work by bus two years ago.2、句式： (1)動(dòng)詞be的一般過(guò)去時(shí)waswere自定式It was sunny yesterday.We wer

2、e in the library just now.否定式Itsunny yesterday.Wein the library just now.疑問(wèn)式it sunny yesterday?Yes, it./No, it.you in the library just now?Yes, we./No, weHowthe weather yesterday?Whereyou just now?(2)動(dòng)詞do的一般過(guò)去時(shí)(以 work為例)肯定式： He(work) in that factory last year.否定式： He(not work) in that factory last y

3、ear.疑問(wèn)式： a.he(work) in that factory last year? Yes, he./ No, he.b. When he(work) in that factory?(3) There be 句型的一般過(guò)去時(shí)A. There was肯定式：There(be) a bird in the tree a momentago.否定式：There(be) a bird in the tree a momentago.疑問(wèn)式：a.(be) there a bird in the tree a momentago? Yes, there./No, there.b. What(b

4、e) in the tree a moment ago?B. There were肯定式： There(be) some shops in the street last year.否定式： There(be)shops in the street last year.疑問(wèn)式：a. (be) there shops in the street last year? Yes, there ./No, thereb. How many shops(be) there in the street last year?3、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則原形過(guò)去式M日一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加

5、 .watchvisit清輔音后面讀作,結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞加love use濁輔首、兀首后面讀作,t、d后面讀作。末尾只有一個(gè)的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫(xiě)它，再加shop plan以加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變?yōu)?再加study try(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(九年級(jí)課本第171頁(yè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表涵蓋了初中階段所學(xué)過(guò)的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，同學(xué)們要經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí))。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：have -go-see-buy-take-sing-write-wear-come-find-(二)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：Tom(have) a great time on the school trip. He(go) to Blue W

6、ater Aquarium forthe day. First he (visit) the Visitors' Center and(watch) a movie about sharks.Then he(see) a big octopus. After lunch, they(buy) lots of gifts. Finally, tired but happy, he(take) the bus back to school.二、知識(shí)再現(xiàn)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1、概念：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示 的狀態(tài)。如：She(be) twelve. They(be) at home.(2)般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也

7、表示 或 的動(dòng)作， 常和 always > usually 、>today 、in the morning 、 every day,once a week等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： My father often(go) to work by bus every day.(3) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)還表示主語(yǔ)具備的 等。如： She(like)apples. They(know) English.2、句式：(1)動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)amisare自7E式I am a student.He is twelve.They are at home.否定式I _a student.He _ tw

8、elve.They _ at home.疑問(wèn)式y(tǒng)ou a student?Yes,./No,.he twelve?Yes,./No,.they at home?Yes,./No,.Whatyou do?Howis he?are they?(2)動(dòng)詞do的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(以like為例)I二人稱(chēng)，三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)自7E式They like apples.He likes apples.否計(jì)They(not like) apples.He( not like) apples.疑問(wèn)式they(like) apples? Yes,./No,.he(like) apples?Yes,./No,.Wha

9、t _they(like)?Whathe(like)?注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞形式有下列幾種變化:1、大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加" : 在清輔音后發(fā)音閡，如： help , like 在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為z,如：swim , play 2、以“ s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加" iz,發(fā)音為如： teach , watch 3、以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，要先撿 變?yōu)?，然后在加“?iz賣(mài)如：study , carry 4、以“?！苯Y(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，加“ z,嫌如：go do 5、特殊變化的有：have (二)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：Tom' s home

10、(be) about 10 kilometers from school. He(get) up at 6:00 every day,(shower) and(have) a quick breakfast. Then he(leave) for school ataround 6:30. First, he (ride) his bike to the bus station. Then the early bus (take) him to school.三、知識(shí)再現(xiàn)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)1、概念：一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示 某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如： tomorrow,

11、week,year, in 等。如： We(come) to see you later on.2、句式：肯定式:People(use) money in 100 years.否定式:People(use) money in 100 years.疑問(wèn)式:people(use) money in 100 years?Yes, they/No, they.What people(use) in 100 years ?3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以用來(lái)表示按 或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有“意圖”或“ ”等含義。如：-What you(do) for vacation?I ' m(visit) my fri

12、end in Hong Kong.4、“+動(dòng)詞原形”表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。如：I study computer science in the future.四、知識(shí)再現(xiàn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞 have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done)二. 句型：否定句：主語(yǔ) +have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞 +其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+ 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他.簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)：Yes,主語(yǔ)+ have/has.( 肯定) No,主語(yǔ) + haven't/hasn't.( 否定) 三.用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I

13、have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come.(含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒),siMy father has gone to work.（含義是：我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒 ）（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生 在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的 ，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與 for （+時(shí)間段）nce （ +時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子）連用 for+時(shí)段since+ 過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來(lái)） since+ 時(shí)段+agosince+ 從句（過(guò)去時(shí)）It is+時(shí)段+s

14、ince+ 從句（過(guò)去時(shí)）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.ago.四. has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的區(qū)另 UHave/Hasgone(to):去了（現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)）Where is yourfather? He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to):去過(guò)（已小在去過(guò)的地方）My fatherhasbeento Shanghai.Have/hasbeenin :呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father h

15、as been in Shanghai for two months . / since two months五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義* 以 already, just 和 yet 為標(biāo)志He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。He hasn't come back yet.他還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。* 以ever和never 為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.

16、這是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒(méi)有到過(guò)北京。* 以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three times.他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)去過(guò)美國(guó)三次了。* 以so far （到目前為止）為標(biāo) +beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試。2.過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，我們可以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手，進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在

17、完成時(shí)。*for+時(shí)段 since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過(guò)去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等；2)不能與when連用2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用六.過(guò)去分詞1 、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī) 則：(1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ed ”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“dlive-lived-lived,(3)、以“輔音字母+

18、 y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 "y"變?yōu)?quot;i",再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“edstop-stopped-stopped, drop-dropped-dropped2、不規(guī)則見(jiàn)課本后附表。(二)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空In ten years, I think I(be) a reporter. I(live) in Shanghai. I think I(meet) lots of interesting people. I(

19、have) many different pets. I(play) tennis every day.I I think I(go) to Hong Kong on vacation【綜合應(yīng)用】用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：My aunt Maria is an actress. She(be) thirty-five years old now. She often(appear)on the stage as a young girl. Maria(take) part in a new play next week. She(be) a girl of seventeen. In the

20、play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she(wear) short socks and a bright, orange-colored dress, she(look)very beautiful. If someone(ask) her how old she is, she always answers,“ Darlingterrible to be grown up! ” Since five years ago,She(perf

21、orm) more than 30performances.She(be)famous for several years.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。（人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的）1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ： am/is are+P.P.2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was/were+P.P.3） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can/must/should +P.P.4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：_am/is/are+being+P.P.5）一 般將來(lái)時(shí)：_will+be+P.P.6）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have（has）+P.P.特殊情況：1.make sb do sth 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)

22、該為：sb +be+made+to do sth2.感官動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，應(yīng)該為：sb+be+heard/seen/watched+ to do sth【被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)】()1 The People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found()2 English in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken()3 This English song by the girl

23、s after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung()4 This kind of car in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made()5 New computers all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used()6 Our room must clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep()7 -I'd liy that coat.-I'm sorry. A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold()