大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)匹配題技巧

1、 四級(jí)考試閱讀技巧四級(jí)考試閱讀技巧 句子與段落匹配題作文（作文（30分鐘）分鐘） 翻譯（翻譯（30分鐘）分鐘）聽力（聽力（30分鐘）分鐘）選詞填空（選詞填空（7分鐘）分鐘）深度閱讀（深度閱讀（20分鐘）分鐘）長(zhǎng)篇閱讀（長(zhǎng)篇閱讀（13分鐘）分鐘）共共130分鐘分鐘40分鐘分鐘作文作文(15%) 翻譯翻譯15%聽力聽力(35%)選詞填空選詞填空5%深度閱讀深度閱讀20%35%長(zhǎng)篇閱讀長(zhǎng)篇閱讀10%共共710分分及格及格425分分篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對(duì)應(yīng)兩題，有的段落可能不對(duì)應(yīng)任何一題。 三個(gè)及三個(gè)以上的句

2、子對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)段落的情況沒有出現(xiàn)過(guò)。 長(zhǎng)篇閱讀的文章基本都是專業(yè)題材的文章，可能會(huì)覺得很陌生，不要求完全理解只要求能夠通過(guò)略讀或查讀的方式找到題干的信息并根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容相比做出正確選擇。只是有題干和答案簡(jiǎn)單的同義詞替換 。 選材來(lái)源lNew ScientistlNewsweeklThe New York TimeslTime1.The Washington Post 體裁方面 題材方面l議論文l說(shuō)明文l新聞評(píng)述l記敘文題型歸納l細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題，文字上和原文一樣。（最簡(jiǎn)單）l同義轉(zhuǎn)述題，即文字上換了同義的表達(dá)。（簡(jiǎn)單）l細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，即句子是從原文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)推斷出來(lái)。（較難）l段意歸納題，即句子是某段文字意思

3、的歸納。 （較難） 匹配題閱讀步驟:Step1（0.5-1min）第一步第一步：閱讀：閱讀文章標(biāo)題和文章重要部位了解了解文章內(nèi)容文章內(nèi)容 （Skimming） 1 1、文章標(biāo)題、文章標(biāo)題 2 2、首段第一句話、首段第一句話 3 3、末段第一句話和最后一句話、末段第一句話和最后一句話 如果句子是非概括性的句子則不看。如果句子是非概括性的句子則不看。 主要目的是了解主要目的是了解topictopic和和attitudeattitude Example 簡(jiǎn)單瀏覽文章標(biāo)題和文章重要部位，用時(shí)越短越好。大致了解文章內(nèi)容。（Skimming）lTitle：TV Linked to Lower Marksl

4、First sentences in First Paragraph: The effect of television on children has been debated .Now three new studieslFirst Sentence in Last Paragraph: Lucas puts the responsibility for squarely on parents.第二步：第二步：分析分析題目題目+查讀查讀（s scanningcanning） 1 1）分析題目）分析題目 找出找出題目中的題目中的關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞和和定位詞。定位詞。 關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞是指題目簡(jiǎn)化后的中

5、心詞，是指題目簡(jiǎn)化后的中心詞，最能表示出句子的含義。最能表示出句子的含義。 定位詞定位詞是題目中的專有信息或特殊是題目中的專有信息或特殊信息信息( (數(shù)字、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、特?cái)?shù)字、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、特殊字體和特殊符號(hào)等殊字體和特殊符號(hào)等），它能幫助定），它能幫助定位到具體的段落。位到具體的段落。 閱讀步驟:Step2（12min）l 1.人名定位l2.地點(diǎn)定位l3.數(shù)字定位l4.事件定位l5.現(xiàn)象定位l6.動(dòng)作引語(yǔ)定位l7.對(duì)象定位l8.專有名詞定位l9.修飾語(yǔ)定位l10.主題定位 閱讀步驟:Step2（12min） 標(biāo)紅為關(guān)鍵詞，下劃線為定位詞 1. According to Borzek

6、owski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests. 2. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performance in school. Example 3. Watching more than three

7、hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids. 4. According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during his children. . Example閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins) 2 2）查讀查讀(Scanning)(Scanning) 1、看題目，按題查找?？搭}目，按題查找。帶著題目中的帶著題目中的定位詞定位詞，到，到原文中去查找定位

8、，找到句子信息所在段落。有原文中去查找定位，找到句子信息所在段落。有時(shí)要用到句子中的時(shí)要用到句子中的多個(gè)定位詞多個(gè)定位詞到原文中定位查找。到原文中定位查找。查找時(shí)遵循先易后難的原則。（查找時(shí)遵循先易后難的原則。（ScanningScanning） 在查讀時(shí)在查讀時(shí), ,一目十行地尋視一目十行地尋視與答題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞句與答題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞句, ,與此無(wú)與此無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容要很快關(guān)的內(nèi)容要很快略過(guò)略過(guò)。在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掠過(guò)盡可能多的內(nèi)。在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掠過(guò)盡可能多的內(nèi)容容, ,找到所需要的信息。找到所需要的信息。 2 2、確定答案。、確定答案。定位后，在定位詞附近找有無(wú)與題定位后，在定位詞附近找有無(wú)與題目目關(guān)

9、鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)內(nèi)容，有則直接選擇該段，無(wú)則繼相關(guān)內(nèi)容，有則直接選擇該段，無(wú)則繼續(xù)往下找定位詞（可在未確定位置標(biāo)上定位詞的續(xù)往下找定位詞（可在未確定位置標(biāo)上定位詞的題號(hào)以便下次判斷）。題號(hào)以便下次判斷）。 閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins) 先易后難原則先易后難原則+ +不重復(fù)原則不重復(fù)原則第一遍：第一遍： 第一題定位時(shí)第一題定位時(shí)scanscan每段的第一句話（隨手每段的第一句話（隨手用用/ /區(qū)分區(qū)分首句首句）。找到則在段落前）。找到則在段落前打打 表示已對(duì)應(yīng)一題，表示已對(duì)應(yīng)一題，然然后做下一題；沒找到則放棄直接做下一題。后面后做下一題；沒找到則放棄直接做下一題。后面同理。同理。最后大概能

10、完成最后大概能完成3-63-6題題第二遍：第二遍： 沒完成的題目重新開始，題目定位時(shí)沒完成的題目重新開始，題目定位時(shí)scanscan每段的每段的最后一句（隨手最后一句（隨手用用/ /區(qū)分末句區(qū)分末句）。找到則在段落前）。找到則在段落前打打 表示已對(duì)應(yīng)一題，表示已對(duì)應(yīng)一題，然后做下一題；沒找到則放然后做下一題；沒找到則放棄直接做下一題。后面同理。棄直接做下一題。后面同理。最后大概還剩最后大概還剩2-32-3題題 閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins)第三遍：第三遍： 剩下的題目，定位時(shí)剩下的題目，定位時(shí)scanscan每段的中間每段的中間（先找沒有標(biāo)注（先找沒有標(biāo)注 的段落，打過(guò)兩次的段落，打過(guò)兩

11、次 的段落不用看）。的段落不用看）。最后大概還剩最后大概還剩0-10-1題題 三遍完成后剩下的題目算是比較難的三遍完成后剩下的題目算是比較難的題目，做起來(lái)得不償失，可以選擇放題目，做起來(lái)得不償失，可以選擇放棄，也可以根據(jù)題目句子含義猜測(cè)會(huì)棄，也可以根據(jù)題目句子含義猜測(cè)會(huì)處于文章的大致位置。處于文章的大致位置。閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins) 查讀可運(yùn)用下列技巧查讀可運(yùn)用下列技巧: : 1 1、利用章節(jié)標(biāo)題：利用章節(jié)標(biāo)題：TitleTitle（標(biāo)題）（標(biāo)題）、SubtitleSubtitle（副標(biāo)題）和（副標(biāo)題）和Section Section headingheading（段落標(biāo)題）（段落

12、標(biāo)題） 2 2、在瀏覽每段首句時(shí)，如果有的話、在瀏覽每段首句時(shí)，如果有的話，可順手將本段的，可順手將本段的關(guān)鍵詞用筆圈出關(guān)鍵詞用筆圈出。這些起到小標(biāo)題的作用。再閱讀到該這些起到小標(biāo)題的作用。再閱讀到該段時(shí)可以輔助判斷，減少閱讀難度。段時(shí)可以輔助判斷，減少閱讀難度。 3 3、不斷的查讀過(guò)程中留意掌握文章、不斷的查讀過(guò)程中留意掌握文章的大致結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)的大致結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò) Follow me 2015年6月四級(jí)真題 Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break AImagine taking a college exam, and, instead of

13、handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the send button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay, scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with that exam, imagine that, the system would immediately let you

14、 rewrite the test to try to improve your grade. B EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Howard and the Masschusetts Institute of Technology（MIT） to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated software available free on the Web to any institution th

15、at wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade students essays and short written freeing professors for other tests. C The news service will bring the educational consortium（聯(lián)盟）into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education. Although automated grading system

16、s for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics. D Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is the president of EdX, predicted that Instan

17、t-grading software would be a useful teaching tool，enabling students to take tests and write as essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers, he said that the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks fo

18、r grades. There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback, Dr. Agarwal said. Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback. E But skeptics（懷疑者）say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critic, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention severa

19、l times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders. F He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition（呼吁）opp

20、osing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine. Scoring of student Essays in High-Stake Assessment, has collected nearly 2, 000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky. G Lets face the realities automatic essay scoring, The gr

21、oups statement reads in part. Computer cannot read. They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical（倫理的）position, convincing argument, Meaningful organization and clarity among others. “ H But EdX expects its softw

22、are to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Howard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; This fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, Which offers certificates

23、 for course Completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools. I The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade, 100essays or essay questions. The system then uses variety of machine-learning techniques to train

24、 itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers, or automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system Created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical（數(shù)字的） rank. J EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment and

25、 technology, which dates to early computer in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states-Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West VirginiaAre using some form of the technology in secondary schools, A fifth, Indiana, has expe

26、ritmented with it. In some cases the software is used as a secondary reader, to check the reliability of the human graders. K But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to devel

27、op a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology. L Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create massive open online courses, or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of ins

28、tant feedback. It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally, gravitating（吸引）toward resubmitting the work until they get it right, said Daphne Koller, A computer scientist, and a founder of Coursera. M Last year the Hewlett Fo

29、undation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100, 000 prices aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hi

30、red by EdX to help design its assessment software. N One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically, said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. Its probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, an

31、d so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time. . O Mark. D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundations contest an automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technologythough imperfecthas a place in educa

32、tional sightings. P With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology has tended to come from the nations best universities, where the level of teaching is much better th

33、an at most schools. Q Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could, Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world. l(46)Some professionals in educat

34、ion are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading. l(47) Using software to grade students essays saves teachers time for other work. l(48) The Hewlett contests aim at improving essays grading software. l(49) Though the automated grading system is widely used in multi

35、ple-choice tests, automated essays grading is still criticized by many educators. l(50) Some people dont believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders. l(51) Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities. l(52) Criti

36、cs argue many important aspect of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs. l(53) As the class size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writings. l(54) The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double ch

37、eck the work of human graders. l(55) Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably. 如何提高閱讀技能如何快速有效的閱讀如何快速有效的閱讀1 1）閱讀時(shí)）閱讀時(shí)注意力要高度集中，不可走神注意力要高度集中，不可走神，要有良好的心，要有良好的心理素質(zhì)，千萬(wàn)不能有畏難情緒。即看到生詞不緊張不退理素質(zhì)，千萬(wàn)不能有畏難情緒。即看到生詞不緊張不退縮，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)句子中的縮，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)句子中的一兩個(gè)生詞一般不會(huì)影響你對(duì)這一兩個(gè)生詞一般不會(huì)影響你對(duì)這個(gè)句子的個(gè)句子的60%60%到到

38、70%70%的理解的理解2 2）視域要寬）視域要寬 每一眼看的詞要盡量的多每一眼看的詞要盡量的多。我們閱讀表面是。我們閱讀表面是用眼睛看，實(shí)際是用腦子讀，眼睛只是起了照相機(jī)鏡頭用眼睛看，實(shí)際是用腦子讀，眼睛只是起了照相機(jī)鏡頭的作用。努力使自己的眼睛變成的作用。努力使自己的眼睛變成“廣角鏡廣角鏡”，把盡可能，把盡可能多的詞能一眼多的詞能一眼“盡收眼底盡收眼底”。 ( (一眼掃過(guò)去，看一行也一眼掃過(guò)去，看一行也就兩秒，大概了解講的是什么就過(guò)，不要糾結(jié)細(xì)節(jié)就兩秒，大概了解講的是什么就過(guò)，不要糾結(jié)細(xì)節(jié)) )3 3）意群要長(zhǎng)）意群要長(zhǎng) 在每個(gè)視幅中不是讓你把很多的單詞都收進(jìn)在每個(gè)視幅中不是讓你把很多的單

39、詞都收進(jìn)腦子，而是要善于從中腦子，而是要善于從中攝取有意義的詞組攝取有意義的詞組，這個(gè)有意義，這個(gè)有意義的詞組就是意群。的詞組就是意群。 快速閱讀者是快速閱讀者是半句或一句句地讀半句或一句句地讀。視幅大大加寬，停頓。視幅大大加寬，停頓的間隙少而短，獲取的都是有意義的詞組，因而理解全的間隙少而短，獲取的都是有意義的詞組，因而理解全句或全段就能做到水到渠成句或全段就能做到水到渠成 如何提高閱讀技能如何提高閱讀技能l以意群閱讀舉例：以意群閱讀舉例：lSuccessful improvement of your reading depends upon your eagerness to improv

40、e and your willingness to practice.l如果你一個(gè)一個(gè)詞來(lái)讀這句話如果你一個(gè)一個(gè)詞來(lái)讀這句話, , 你的視線就要在每個(gè)詞你的視線就要在每個(gè)詞上都要停留一次上都要停留一次, , 影響閱讀速度影響閱讀速度, , l單個(gè)詞本身是不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何意義的，只有與其他詞聯(lián)系單個(gè)詞本身是不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何意義的，只有與其他詞聯(lián)系起來(lái)，才能構(gòu)成一定的意義起來(lái)，才能構(gòu)成一定的意義，即將單個(gè)的詞語(yǔ)按照自然即將單個(gè)的詞語(yǔ)按照自然的語(yǔ)法和意義關(guān)系組織起來(lái)的語(yǔ)法和意義關(guān)系組織起來(lái) 構(gòu)成一定意義的這一組詞構(gòu)成一定意義的這一組詞，就是意群（，就是意群（idea units or meaningful

41、unitsidea units or meaningful units） 。閱讀時(shí)以意群為單位，而不是以詞為單位來(lái)理解吸收。閱讀時(shí)以意群為單位，而不是以詞為單位來(lái)理解吸收。如何提高閱讀技能l如果以意群為單位如果以意群為單位, , 即：即：lSuccessful improvementSuccessful improvementof your of your readingreadingdependsdepends uponyour uponyour eagernesseagernessto to improveand your improveand your willingnesswillin

42、gnessto practice.to practice.l這樣這樣, , 你的視線是在每個(gè)詞組上停留你的視線是在每個(gè)詞組上停留, , 停留次數(shù)減少停留次數(shù)減少, ,意義比較連貫意義比較連貫, ,即使即使你的視線在詞組上停留的時(shí)間要比在一個(gè)單詞上停留的時(shí)間稍微長(zhǎng)一些你的視線在詞組上停留的時(shí)間要比在一個(gè)單詞上停留的時(shí)間稍微長(zhǎng)一些, , 但因?yàn)橐饬x容易理解但因?yàn)橐饬x容易理解, , 總體時(shí)間還是要比前者短總體時(shí)間還是要比前者短, , 而且閱讀質(zhì)量提高了。而且閱讀質(zhì)量提高了。 其實(shí)，我掃讀這段話時(shí)，我入其實(shí)，我掃讀這段話時(shí)，我入心的只是紅色部分心的只是紅色部分&看這段話看這段話的時(shí)間只需要兩秒的時(shí)間只需要兩秒如何提高閱讀技能l詞組越長(zhǎng)詞組越長(zhǎng), , 閱讀速度越快：閱讀速度越快：lSuccessful improvement of your readingdepends uponyour eagerness