介詞的選用原則

1、關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時，只能用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語中。如：1. Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?2. Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?3. The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke. 介詞的選用原則1) 根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭 配來決定。如： This

2、is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. (spend money on sth.為固定搭配) This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. (pay money for sth.為固定搭配)2) 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來決定。如：I remember the day on which I joined the League. 強調(diào)在具體某一天要用介詞onI remember the days during which I lived here. 強調(diào)在某幾天時間內(nèi)要用介詞duringI remember the month

3、in which I stayed there. 在month前介詞要用in3) 根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān) 系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?4) 根據(jù)從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / th

4、at) I am looking for. 這是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。如： I dont like the way (t

5、hat / in which/ -) you laugh at her. 我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子。介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前或后還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad. There are 80 st

6、udents in our class in all, most of whom (=of whom most) are from big cities. 1. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross- river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which2. He was educated at a local grammar school,

7、_ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 簡析：題1: the place 在定語從句中作 to be built 的地點狀語，此處的 at which 相當(dāng)于 where; 后面是表語從句，表示建在某地。題2: 表示讀完當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z法學(xué)校后去劍橋深造，故選C。3. I have many friends, _some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom1. Do you li

8、ke the book _ she spent $10?2. Do you like the book _ she paid $10?3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 6. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestli

9、ng.7. This is the book _ I am looking for. 1. 定語從句中關(guān)系副詞有： when, where, why 2. 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中所作的成份： 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都作狀語。 when 作時間狀語；where 作地點狀語； why 作原因狀語。如： He remember the day when his father died. I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. Please give me the reason why you were late this time.

10、when 作時間狀語，意為 on the daywhere 作地點狀語，意為in the placewhy作原因狀語，意為for the reason3. 并非先行詞是表示時間、地點和原因的詞時都用when, where, why，若先行詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是作主語或賓語，就必須用which或that。 如： We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.比較: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countrysi

11、de. when在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于 on the days。We believe the reason that he told us. 比較: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.4. 關(guān)系副詞when, where和why也可用“介詞+which”來代替，要注意其先行詞（名詞）與介詞的合理搭配，介詞根據(jù)先行詞或定語從句的謂語動詞來確定。 when 相當(dāng)于“at/in/during+which” where 相當(dāng)于“in/at/on+which” why 相當(dāng)于“for + which

12、” 如：Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum?Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find it.This is the reason why/for which he didnt come to the meeting.1.The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.2.The book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.3.The pen (_)

13、she wrote that book) can now be seen in a museum.4.Kunming is a beautiful place ( _ ) flowers are seen all the year round.5.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( _ ) the great writer used to live.6. I will never forgot the day (_ ) I first met you on the ship. 7. The film (_I fell asleep) was very

14、boring.注意：關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的關(guān)系：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在從句中作狀語相當(dāng)于一個關(guān)系副詞。如：王先生工作的那家工廠是一家鞋廠。這個句子有以下三種表達方式： The factory that/which Mr. Wang works in is a shoe one.The factory in which Mr. Wang works is a shoe one.The factory where Mr. Wang works is a shoe one.1.Those _ cant lose will never win either.2.The man _ stands

15、 there is Tom.3.The girl _ I met is Ms Li.4.The boy _ watch was lost is Tom.5.The book _ lies on the desk is his.6.The pen _ you bought is good.7.The magazine _ cover is red is nice.1. This is the best film _ Ive seen.2. That is the last lesson _ I gave you.3. This is the very book _ Im after.4. Tha

16、t is just the coat _ color is red.5. That is the right place _ he works.6. I still remember the schools and boys _ I met there.7. Everything _ you said is true. 8. Which is the book _ you want? 9. Who is the girl _ sits there.10. All _ he said is true. 1. A football fan（球迷） is _ has a strong interes

17、t in football.A. a thing that B. something thatC. a person who D. what2. The house， _ was destroyed in the terrible fire， has been repaired.A. the roof of which B. which roofC. its roofD. the roof3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day？A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talke

18、d withD. you talked about4. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled.A. that B. whatC. whyD. for which5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. thatC. who D. whom6. Who _ has common sense（常識） will do such a thing？A. whic

19、h B. whoC. whom D. that7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. thoseC. whichD. what8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front.A. what B. thatC. which D. where9. Ill tell you _ he told me last night.A. all which B. all whatC. that all D. all10. A child _ p

20、arents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whosC. whose D. which11. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day？A. that B. whereC. in which D. the one12. Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday？A. that B. where C. in whichD. the one13. -How do you like the book？-Its quite d

21、ifferent from _ I read last month.A. that B. whichC. the one D. the one what14. Which sentence is wrong？A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform？C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to pr

22、oduce more food on the same amount of land.D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.15. The train _ she was traveling was late.A. which B. whereC. on which D. in that16. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.A. where B. on whichC. under whic

23、h D. which17. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A. which B. whereC. that D. about which18. Its the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrivedC. that youve arrived D.when youve arrived19. He often helps the students _ he thinks are

24、not quick at their studies.A. whom B. whoC. when D. because20. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. when B. during thatC. in which D. which21. He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A. which B. whenC. on whichD. during which22. Mr. Crossett will n

25、ever forget the day _ he spent with his various students.A. when B. whichC. during which D. on which23. This is just the place _ I am longing to visit these years.A. that B. whereC. in which D. to where24. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou， _ live my grandparents and some relati

26、ves.A. which B. thatC. who D. where25. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed at B. where we stayed atC. we stayed D. in that we stayed26. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. as B. thatC. which D. than27. He is not _ a fool _.A. such/as he is looked B. such/a

27、s he looksC. as/as he is looked D. so/as he looks28. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal？A. which B. whatC. why D. for that29. Some of the roads were flooded， _ made our journey more difficult.A. which B. itC. what D. that30. He must be from Africa， _ can be seen from his skin.A. t

28、hat B. asC. who D. what31. He has two sons， _ work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of whomC. both of which D. all of whom32. The buses， _ were already full， were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of that B. which mostC. most of which D. that most33. My glasses， _ I was like a blind man， fell t

29、o the ground and broke.A. which B. with whichC. without which D. that34. Mr. Wu， _ everybody likes， is going to give us a talk on chemistry.A. whom B. thatC. which D. /35. This is Mr. Smith， _ I think has something interesting to tell us.A. who B. whomC. that D. /36. _， the compass was first made in

30、 China.A. It is know to all B. It is known thatC. We all know D. As is known to all37. I， _ your good friend， will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who amC. that is D. what is38. He is a man of great experience， _ much can be learned.A. who B. thatC. from which D. from whom39. It was such a

31、serious mistake， _ caused by carelessness.A. which I think was B. which I think it wasC. I think which was D. I think which it was40. He lived in London for 3 months， during _ he picked up some English.A. this B. whichC. that D. when41. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _ he used to fight， _ he had been dreaming of for years.A. that/wh