考研英語閱讀理解模擬試題及答案

1、考研英語閱讀理解模擬試題及答案A history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its

2、 industries unparalleled economies ofscale. Its scientists were the world bsest, itsworkers the most skilled.Americaand Americanswere prosperousbeyond the dreams of the Europeans andAsians whose economies the war had destroyed.Itwas inevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhave narrowed asothercountriesgrewri

3、cher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrom predominance provedpainful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. By 1987 there

4、was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith wasbought by South Korea s LG Electronics in July。)Foreign-made cars andtextiles were sweeping into the domestic market America-tool smachineindustry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though themaking of semicond

5、uctors, whichAmerica had whichsat at the heart of the newcomputer age, was going to be the next casual。tyAllofthiscaused a crisisofconfidence. Americansstoppedtakingprosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing businesswas failing, and that their incomes would therefore short

6、ly begin to fall aswell. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causesofAmericainsdustrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filledwithwarnings about the growing competition from overseas。How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look backonfive years

7、of solid growth whileJapan has been struggling. Few Americansattribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or theturning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “Americanindustry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”a

8、ccordingtoRichardCavanagh,executive dean of Harvard KsennedySchool of Government, “mItakes me proud to be an American just to see how our businessesare improvingtheir productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institu-ttea,nak thinkinWashington, DC.AndWilliamSahlman ofthe Harvard BusinessSchool b

9、elievesthat people will look back on this period as“ a gol ofbusiness management in the United State。s ”11. TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWar because。A it had made painstaking efforts towards this goalB its domestic market was eight times larger than beforeC the war had destroyed the econo

10、mies of most potentialcompetitors Dthe unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toitseconomy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980sis manifested in the fact that the American 。ATV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketBsemiconductor industry had been

11、 taken over by foreignenterprises Cmachine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actionsDauto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?AIt is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。BIntense competition may contribute to economic pr

12、ogress。 CThe revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。 DAlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment。14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy inthe 1990s can be attributed to the 。A turning of the business cycleB restructuring of industry Cimprove

13、d business management Dsuccess in education名師解析11. TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWar because。美國在二戰(zhàn)后取得優(yōu)勢地位是因為。A it had made painstaking efforts towards this goa。l它為該目標付出了艱巨的努力。B its domestic market was eight times larger than before。它的國內(nèi)市場比以前大八倍。C thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmost potent

14、ialcompetitors。戰(zhàn)爭摧毀了大多數(shù)潛在競爭對手的經(jīng)濟。D the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy。它無與倫比的勞動力規(guī)模給了經(jīng)濟推動力?！敬鸢浮?C【考點】 事實細節(jié)題?！痉治觥?第一段指出， “二戰(zhàn)后，美國就進入了這樣的一個輝煌的歷史時期。 它擁有比任何競爭者大八倍的市場，這使其工業(yè)經(jīng)濟規(guī)模前所未有。它的科學家是世上秀的，它的工人是技術的。美國及其 民眾的富庶是那些經(jīng)濟遭到戰(zhàn)爭破壞的歐洲人和亞洲人連做夢也不敢想的 ”。因此利用排除法，確定答案是A 。12. The loss

15、 of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980sis manifested in the fact that the American 。上個世紀 80 年代美國優(yōu)勢地位的喪失可以從美國事實中看出來。A TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market電視工業(yè)已經(jīng)退到國內(nèi)市場B semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises半導體產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)被外國公司接管C machine-tool industry had

16、 collapsed after suicidal actions機床業(yè)已經(jīng)自取滅亡D auto industry had lost part of its domestic market汽車工業(yè)已經(jīng)喪失了部分國內(nèi)市場【答案】 D【考點】 事實細節(jié)題?！痉治觥?A 選項錯誤，因為第二段中說 “到 1987 年，美國只剩下 Zenith 這一家電視生產(chǎn)商。 (現(xiàn)在這一家也沒有了： Zenith 于 7 月被韓國 LG 電器公司收購。 ) ”說明它連國內(nèi)市場也保不住了。 B 選項錯誤，文中第二段最后一句提到， “在一段時間內(nèi)，半導體制造業(yè)似乎要成為下一個受害者 ”，可是事實上沒有。 C 選項中談到

17、的機床業(yè) 已經(jīng)自取滅亡的說法錯誤，因為文中提到機床制造業(yè)“岌岌可危 ”(on the ropes)，但是還沒有滅亡呢。 D 是合適的，因為第二段第六句提到， “進口車和紡織品橫掃國內(nèi)市場 ”。13. What can be inferred from the passage?從本文中可以推斷出哪個選項 ?A It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。在自我懷疑和盲目驕傲之間搖擺是人的本性。B Intense competition may contribute to economic progres。s激烈的競

18、爭會導致經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。C Therevivaloftheeconomydepends oninternational cooperation。經(jīng)濟的復蘇依靠國際的合作。D Alonghistoryofsuccess maypavethewayfor furtherdevelopment。一個長期成功的經(jīng)歷會為進一步的發(fā)展鋪平道路?！敬鸢浮?B【考點】 推斷題?！痉治觥?第三段提到， “所有這一切導致了信心危機。美國人不再視繁榮為理所當然之事。 他們開始懷疑自己的商業(yè)經(jīng)營方式出了問題，也懷疑不久他們的收入就會下降。 20 世紀 80 年代中期對美國工業(yè)衰退的原因作了一次又一次的調查。 那些有時聳人聽聞的結果中充滿著對來自國外的加劇的經(jīng)濟競爭的警告”。第四段提到了 “90年代的經(jīng)濟復蘇。其中的含義是：在競爭的壓力下