人教課標高一必修1 Unit 4

1、(一一)基本單詞基本單詞1. _ vi. 爆裂；爆發(fā)爆裂；爆發(fā) n.突然破裂；爆發(fā)突然破裂；爆發(fā)2. _ v. 破壞；毀壞；消滅破壞；毀壞；消滅3. _ v.(使使)震驚；震動震驚；震動 n.休克；打擊；震驚休克；打擊；震驚 4. _ n.& vt.援救；營救援救；營救5. _ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏埋葬；掩埋；隱藏burstdestroyshockrescuebury8. _ vt. 使陷入困境使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境陷阱；困境 9. _ n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍10. _ n. 掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處11. _ n.& vt. 損失；損害損失；損害1

2、2. _ n. 事件；大事事件；大事13. vt. 表示；表達表示；表達 n. 快車；速遞快車；速遞trapdisastershelterdamageeventexpress6. _ adv. 真誠地；真摯地真誠地；真摯地7. adj. 無用的；無效的無用的；無效的sincerelyuseless(二二)派生單詞派生單詞14. _ adj. 極度的極度的 _ adv. 極其地極其地15. _ v. 損害；傷害損害；傷害_ n. 受受 傷；傷害傷；傷害_ adj. 受傷的受傷的extremeextremelyinjureinjuryinjured16. _vt. 使驚嚇；嚇唬使驚嚇；嚇唬_adj

3、. 受驚的；受恐嚇的受驚的；受恐嚇的_adj. 令人恐懼的令人恐懼的17. _ n. 祝賀；祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù))賀詞賀詞_ v祝賀祝賀frightenfrightenedfrighteningcongratulationcongratulate18. _ n. 裁判員；法官裁判員；法官 v.斷定；判斷；判決斷定；判斷；判決_ n.判斷；判決判斷；判決judgejudgement1. 立刻；馬上立刻；馬上 2. 結(jié)束；終結(jié)結(jié)束；終結(jié) 3. 嚴重受損；破敗不堪嚴重受損；破敗不堪right awayat an endin ruins4. 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)5. 許多；大量的許多；大量的dig out

4、a (great) number of6. 評價很低；不重視評價很低；不重視7. 橫穿；橫跨橫穿；橫跨8. 以以而自豪；引以為榮而自豪；引以為榮 think little ofcut acrossbe proud of1. It seemed as if the world was at an end. It seems as if/as though.似乎是似乎是, as if/as though引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，從句中可用陳引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，從句中可用陳 述語氣或虛擬語氣。述語氣或虛擬語氣。2. Thousands of families were killed and many chil

5、dren were left without parents. many children were left without parents為被為被動語態(tài)，其中動語態(tài)，其中without parents為主語補足語，為主語補足語，表主語的狀態(tài)。句中表主語的狀態(tài)。句中l(wèi)eave表示表示使某人或某物使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)。處于某種狀態(tài)。3. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。不是所有的希望都破滅了。該句是表示部分否定的句型。該句是表示部分否定的句型。all .not.= not all., 并非所有的并非所有的都都 burst vi.(burst, burst

6、)爆裂；爆發(fā)爆裂；爆發(fā) n.突然破裂；爆發(fā)突然破裂；爆發(fā)【歸納歸納】burst inton. 突然爆發(fā)；闖入突然爆發(fā)；闖入burst out doing sth. 突然開始做突然開始做burst into laughterburst out laughing 突然大笑起來突然大笑起來burst sth. open 猛然打開猛然打開burst forth 忽然發(fā)生；突然爆發(fā)忽然發(fā)生；突然爆發(fā)burst to do 急于做某事，忙于做某事急于做某事，忙于做某事2. ruin n.U毀壞；毀滅；崩潰毀壞；毀滅；崩潰 n.C(pl.)廢廢 墟；遺跡墟；遺跡 v. (使使)破產(chǎn)；破產(chǎn)；(使使)墮落；毀滅

7、墮落；毀滅【歸納歸納】in ruins 嚴重受損；破敗不堪嚴重受損；破敗不堪fall in/into ruin 滅亡；荒廢滅亡；荒廢bring.to ruin 使使毀滅；使毀滅；使沒落沒落go/come to ruin 毀滅；落空毀滅；落空ruin oneself 毀掉自己毀掉自己ruin ones health/fame 毀壞某人的健康毀壞某人的健康/名譽名譽destroy只能用作動詞，指徹底破壞，無法修只能用作動詞，指徹底破壞，無法修復(fù)?？捎糜谥赶Ｍ媱澋缺粴У?；程度上指復(fù)。可用于指希望，計劃等被毀掉；程度上指毀滅性的。毀滅性的。ruin主要強調(diào)毀滅的徹底性，是一次性的行為，主要強調(diào)毀滅

8、的徹底性，是一次性的行為，即人即人/物毀壞到不能復(fù)存或面目全非的地步或物毀壞到不能復(fù)存或面目全非的地步或事后此物雖存在，卻已失去其優(yōu)良的特征或特事后此物雖存在，卻已失去其優(yōu)良的特征或特性。性。ruin既可作動詞，也可作名詞，表毀滅，既可作動詞，也可作名詞，表毀滅，破產(chǎn)。其名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式表示廢墟。破產(chǎn)。其名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式表示廢墟。damage常指人的威信常指人的威信/名聲或物品的外觀名聲或物品的外觀/價價值值/用途等受到損壞，失去或降低其使用價值，用途等受到損壞，失去或降低其使用價值，即修理后還可以繼續(xù)使用。即修理后還可以繼續(xù)使用。damage既可作動既可作動詞，也可作名詞。其過去分詞可用作形容詞詞，

9、也可作名詞。其過去分詞可用作形容詞作定語。作定語。3. injure vt. 損害；傷害損害；傷害【拓展拓展】injured adj. 受傷的受傷的the injured 傷員傷員injury n. 傷；傷口；傷害傷；傷口；傷害do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 傷害某人傷害某人詞義辨析詞義辨析injure/hurt/wound/harminjure特指意外事故中造成的傷害。特指意外事故中造成的傷害。hurt作及物動詞時，表示作及物動詞時，表示“受傷受傷”；既可以；既可以指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上/情感上的傷情感上的傷害；作不及

10、物動詞時，表示害；作不及物動詞時，表示“(身體某個部分身體某個部分)疼痛疼痛”。wound通常指由武器造成的傷害，如刀通常指由武器造成的傷害，如刀/槍等槍等的傷害，尤其是指在戰(zhàn)場上造成的傷害。的傷害，尤其是指在戰(zhàn)場上造成的傷害。harm用于表示精神或肉體上的傷害均可，有用于表示精神或肉體上的傷害均可，有時也可指引起不安或不便。還可用于抽象事時也可指引起不安或不便。還可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。物，尤其是指不道德的事情。4. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸；埋葬；掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸； 使專心；插入；刺入使專心；插入；刺入【歸納歸納】bury oneself in sth.

11、使陷入；埋頭使陷入；埋頭(工作、學(xué)習(xí)工作、學(xué)習(xí))be buried in (doing)sth. 專心致志于某事專心致志于某事be buried in thought 在沉思中在沉思中bury in=put (sb./sth.) into (a grave, earth, etc.) 把把埋入埋入5. shock v. (使使)震驚；震動震驚；震動 n. 休克；打擊；震驚休克；打擊；震驚【歸納歸納】be shocked at.對對感到震驚感到震驚be shocked to do sth.做某事很震驚做某事很震驚be shocked that.對對很震驚很震驚6. judge v. 判定；判斷判

12、定；判斷 n. 裁判員；法官裁判員；法官【歸納歸納】judging from/by從從上看，根據(jù)上看，根據(jù)判斷判斷as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認為據(jù)我判斷，我認為judge sb./sth. from/by. 從從來判斷來判斷【溫馨提醒】【溫馨提醒】judging from/by表示表示“從從上看，根據(jù)上看，根據(jù)來判斷來判斷”，用在句首時，為一個獨立成分，不，用在句首時，為一個獨立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀受句子主語和時態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。語。 1. right away 立刻；馬上立刻；馬上2. at an end 終結(jié)；結(jié)束終結(jié)；結(jié)束

13、【拓展拓展】at the end of 在在盡頭；在盡頭；在末端末端(指時指時 間或空間的一個終點間或空間的一個終點)come to an end 結(jié)束結(jié)束make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入為出使收支相抵；量入為出by the end of 到到結(jié)束時；到結(jié)束時；到時候為止時候為止 (常與完成時態(tài)連用常與完成時態(tài)連用)bring sth. to an end 使某事結(jié)束，終止使某事結(jié)束，終止in the end 最后；終于；最終最后；終于；最終end up 結(jié)束；告終結(jié)束；告終3. dig out 挖掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；翻找出挖掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；翻找出【拓展拓展】dig into 調(diào)查；鉆研；通

14、過翻土把調(diào)查；鉆研；通過翻土把摻入摻入 土壤土壤dig up 挖出；掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭露挖出；掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭露dig for sth. 挖尋某物挖尋某物4. a great number of 許多；大量的許多；大量的a great/large number ofa great/good manyquite a few/ a good few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)many amore than one + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + 單數(shù)謂語動詞單數(shù)謂語動詞a great/good deal ofa great/large amount ofquite a little + 不可數(shù)名詞不

15、可數(shù)名詞a lot/lots ofa great/large quantity oflarge quantities of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 或不可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞1. It seemed as if the world was at an end. It seems as if/as though.似乎是似乎是, as if/as though引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，從句中可用陳述引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，從句中可用陳述 語氣或虛擬語氣。語氣或虛擬語氣?！緶剀疤崾尽俊緶剀疤崾尽咳绻绻鸻s if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句引導(dǎo)的從句是是“主語系動詞主語系動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，且主結(jié)構(gòu)，且主/從句中主

16、語從句中主語相同，則可省略從句主語和系動詞，這樣相同，則可省略從句主語和系動詞，這樣as if后就只剩下名詞后就只剩下名詞/不定式不定式/形容詞形容詞(短語短語)/介詞介詞短語或分詞形式。短語或分詞形式。2. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. many children were left without parents為被為被動語態(tài)，其中動語態(tài)，其中without parents為主語補足語，為主語補足語，表主語的狀態(tài)。句中表主語的狀態(tài)。句中l(wèi)eave表示表示使某人或某

17、物使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)。處于某種狀態(tài)。leave + 賓語賓語 +現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 (doing): 表示動作正在進行表示動作正在進行過去分詞過去分詞 (done): 表示被動完成表示被動完成動詞不定式動詞不定式 (to do/to be done): 表示表示將來的動作將來的動作形容詞形容詞介詞短語介詞短語副詞副詞+ 表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài)3. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。不是所有的希望都破滅了。該句是表示部分否定的句型。該句是表示部分否定的句型。all .not.= not all., 并非所有的并非所有的都都(1)英語中的英語中的all, both,

18、 each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞和副等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定詞詞與否定詞not連用，無論連用，無論not位置如何，均位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都并非都”的意思。的意思。(2)英語中的英語中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意義的詞等表否定意義的詞(組組)與肯定式謂

19、語與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定全部否定”。I. 單詞拼寫單詞拼寫1. They were _ (困住困住) in a deep hole and couldnt get out.2. The_ (法官法官) sentenced him to five years in prison.3. She _ (突然爆發(fā)突然爆發(fā)) into tears at the news that her father had passed away.trappedjudgeburst4. On arriving there, we offered our _ (祝賀祝賀) to him on h

20、is success.5. Its wrong of you to take_ (躲避躲避) under the tree in the storm.congratulationsshelterII. 完成句子完成句子1. We need an immediate reply. I see. Ill send the paper to you _ (立刻立刻)2. I have been deeply impressed by _ (豐富的經(jīng)歷豐富的經(jīng)歷) in her life.right awaya number of experiences3. The life of any hit p

21、roduct will _ (結(jié)束結(jié)束) someday.4. The whole city lay _ (破敗不堪破敗不堪) after the earthquake.5. Many women _(陷入了陷入了) loveless marriages nowadays.6. For hundreds of years the statue has remained _ (埋于埋于) an underground e to an end in ruinsare trapped inburied inIII. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. The old man was lying on the gr

22、ound as if he was badly hurt. The old man was lying on the ground as if _.2. You must be very careful when you do your homework. You _ when you do your homework. badly hurtcant be too careful3. Its impossible for all the people to get jobs because all of them are not fit for them. Its impossible for

23、 all the people to get jobs because _ are fit for them.not all of them IV. 漢譯英漢譯英1) 別不敲門就闖入我的臥室。別不敲門就闖入我的臥室。 Dont burst into my bedroom without knocking.2) 這座古老的廟已經(jīng)是破敗不堪了。這座古老的廟已經(jīng)是破敗不堪了。 The ancient temple had fallen into ruin.3) 受傷者被送進了醫(yī)院。受傷者被送進了醫(yī)院。 The injured were taken to the hospital.4) 救援部隊組成小

24、分隊，將受困的人們挖出來，救援部隊組成小分隊，將受困的人們挖出來，并將死者掩埋。并將死者掩埋。The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 5) 真使我震驚，他把他爹打個半死！真使我震驚，他把他爹打個半死！ It shocked me that he beat his father half-dead.6) 從湯姆的表情來看，肯定是可怕的消息。從湯姆的表情來看，肯定是可怕的消息。 Judging by the look on Toms face, the news must ha

25、ve been terrible.7) 他站起來表明談話已近尾聲。他站起來表明談話已近尾聲。 He rose to indicate that the conversation was at an end.8) 我們得把汽車從雪堆里挖出來。我們得把汽車從雪堆里挖出來。 We had to dig the car out of a snow drift.V. 單項單項選擇選擇1. The earthquake was so terrible that in only fifteen seconds a large city lay _. A. in tears B. in ruins C. in

26、 progress D. in difficulties2. That car accident _ all his life. After that he was limited to a wheelchair. A. damaged B. destroyed C. harmed D. ruined3. I havent read all of his books before, but_ from the one I have read, I think hes a very promising writer. A. judged B. judging C. determining D.

27、determined4. I received his mothers phone call at ten. Only then did I know that he was badly _ in an accident the day before yesterday.A. hurt B. injuredC. harmed D. wounded5. On seeing Jay Chou appear on the stage, the audience _ cheering.A. burst in B. burst intoC. burst on D. burst out6. Nowaday

28、s, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A. is working B. worksC. work D. worked7. He was _ by his colleagues though he himself didnt think he had done anything outstanding. A. thought little of B. thought poorly of C. thought highly of D. thought nothing of8. A number of people _ learning English nowadays. Yes. The number of people who are learning English _ increasing. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are9. We dont need to do extra work this evening. Todays work is almost _ now.A. at the end B. at an endC. in the