外研社版高中英語必修一至必修五各單元語法總結(帶往年高考真題)

1、外研社版咼中英語必修一至必修五各單兀語法總結(帶咼考真題) 必修一Module 1 My First Day at Senior High語法點：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(1) Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?(2008 上海)Terry? Never! She_tents and fresh air.A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates答案：D.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_ rising these days.(20

2、06 全國一)A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 答案：C.(3). The machine_ .It Sasn worked for years. (2006 浙江)A. didn work B. wasn working C. doesn work D. isn wor king 答案：C.2.以-ing 和-ed 結尾的形容詞(1) . Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagueswithher stories.A. amused B. amusi

3、ng C. to amuse D. to be amused 答案：A.(2) . Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but I m not surewhether he can manage it. (200 ?；?A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 解析：句中 sounds 意為“聽起來”，是系動詞，后接表語，要用形 容詞，排除 C 和 D ;又因表示“對.感興趣”，用interested。答案是 A。(3) . Mr. Smith, _ of the_ speech

4、, started to read a novel.(2003 北京)A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring解析：前空是“感到累”用tired，后空是“令人厭倦的”用tiring。答案是 A。Module 2 My New Teachers語法點：后接 V-ing 的動詞(1) . While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buyingsomething they dont really need. (96 年上海卷 )A. to persu

5、ade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 答案：C.(2) . I really appreciate_to relax with you on this nice island. (04 年上海卷)A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time 答案：B.Module 3 My First Ride on a Train語法點：動詞的過去分詞(1) The managers discussed the plan that they woul

6、d like to see_ the next year. (NMET 2000) A. carry outB. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out辨析：根據(jù)固定搭配 see sb do sth / see sth done,本題中 plan 是 that 引導的定語從句中的先行詞，做see 的賓語。所以答案選Co(2) . Dont leave the watery while you brush your teeth. (04 天津卷)A. run B. running C. being runD. to run辨析：本題答案選 Bole

7、ave v-ing 表示讓某物處于一種狀態(tài)?！白屗?直 流” 在 你 刷 牙 時。(3) . After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home,_.(04春上海卷)Module 4 A Social Survey-My Neighbourhood語法點：現(xiàn)在完成時1. （2012江西）-Look! Somebody_ the sofa. -Well, it wasn me. I didn t do it.A.is cleaning B. was cleaning C has cleaned D. had cleaned2.

8、（2006 重慶）I_in London for many years , but I ve neverregretted my final decision to move back to China.A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived3. （2007 遼寧）- Hyrsur father returned from Africa yet?- Yes, but he_ here for only three days before his company sent himto Australia.A.was B. has bee

9、n C. will be D. would be4. （ 2007 湖南） Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class atSunshine School, where she_English for a year.A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying5. （2008 全國）If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.But it_ all day.A. rained B. r

10、ains C. has rained D. is raining答案 1.C. 2. A 3. A 4.D 5. A解析 1.句意為”看，有人已經打掃了沙發(fā).是的，不是我，我沒有做.過去 發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響用現(xiàn)在完成時2.據(jù) move back to China 可知，現(xiàn)在不在倫敦，即 live 未持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。A. being exhaustedD. having exhausted答案 B. exhausted 感到精疲力盡的B. exhausted C. exhausting3.結合提供的情景，我父親在非洲待了三年，后來又去了澳大利亞，即現(xiàn)在不在非洲，動作be here 未持續(xù)到現(xiàn)

11、在；4.據(jù)劃線部分可知他現(xiàn)在仍在那所學校學習，即study 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；5.結合語境，是準備野餐那天下了一整天，下雨沒有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在;Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab語法點：形容詞和副詞的比較級(1) . Mr. Smith owns_ collection of coins than anyone else I haveever met. (2005 山東).A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large解析：由 than 可知要用比較級，排除選項 D ;又因 collection(收藏 品)是可數(shù)名詞，此處為單數(shù)又不是特指，要

12、用不定冠詞a。答案是B。(2) . The number of people present at the concert was_than expected.There were many ticket left. (2004 福建)A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more 解析：因為主語是“去參加音樂會的人的數(shù)量”，而數(shù)量是講大小，而不是多少的，排除 B 和 D ;又由后文還“有很多票剩下，可見參 加音樂會的人比原來預計的要少，所以選 A。Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunicat

13、ions語法點：1.合成詞(1). The poor young man is ready to accept _help he can get.(2005NMET)A. whichever B. however C.whatever D.whenever答案：C. Whatever 意為“任何 .用作定語，后接名詞。與 whichever 的區(qū)別為：whichever 范圍內的無論哪一個，而whatever 沒有范圍。(2). The old tower must be saved,_ the cost.(2005 浙 江)A. however B. whatever C. whicheve

14、r D. WhereverB. 答案：B.2.冠詞(1).(08全國 卷II ) Itsot_ good idea to drive for four hours without_ break.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the.(08重慶卷In many places in China, ion.(3)_ . (08 遼寧卷 )Myneighbor asked me to go for_ walk, but I don tthink I ve got_ energy.A. a;不填B. the; theC.不填；theD. a; the(4) .(08山

15、東卷)Students should be encouraged to use_Internet as_ resource.A.不填；aB.不填；the C. the; theD. the; a(5) . (08 江蘇卷)We went right round to the west coast by_ seainstead of driving across_ continent.A. the; theB.不填；the C. the;不填填 答案:1-5, ACADB必修二Module 1 Our Body and Heathy Habits語法點：名詞轉化為動詞Module 2 No Dr

16、ugs語法點： 1.不定式作狀語(1).Simon made a big bamboo box_the little sick bird till it could fly（2011 四川卷）A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keepbicycle is still poplar means of transportatA. a; the B. /; aC. the; a D. the; theD.不填；不答案與解析：選 D.句意：Simon 做了一個大竹筐飼養(yǎng)那只生病的 小鳥，直到它能飛起來。此處用不定式做目的狀語。.More TV programs, acc

17、ording to government officials, will be produced _ people sconcern over food safety. （ 2011 重慶卷）A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised 答案與解析：選 A.句意：根據(jù)政府官員的話，更多的電視節(jié)目將被 制作來提高人們的食品安全意識。 toraise people concern over food safety 為不定式短語做目的狀語。.If they win the final tonight, the team are g

18、oing to tour around the city_by their enthusiastic supporters. （ 2011 浙江卷）A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered 答案與解析：選 C.根據(jù)語意：他們如果在今晚的決賽中獲勝的話， 他們隊將環(huán)游城市，接受他們熱情的支持者的歡呼。此處用動詞不 定式表示將來。2.結果狀語從句.The camera is_ expensive_ I cant afford it.（2004年遼寧?。〢. so, that B. such, that C. so

19、, as to D. enough, that 答案為 A.（2）_ .Miss Gao asked aquestion, but it was_ that nobody could answer it.（2001 安徽省）A.very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult enough D. so difficult 答案為 D.（3） .1_ like to arrive 20 minutes earlyI can have time for a cup of tea. （05 北京 33）A.as soon as B.as a result C.

20、in case D.so that 答案 D解析 本題考查動詞 so that 引導目的狀語從句。句意為：我早到 20 分鐘的目的是能有時間喝點茶。as soon a.就.，引導時間狀語從句；as a result 結果；in case 以免，萬一（發(fā)生.）。故答案為 so thatoModule 3 Music語法點：時間狀語從句（1）. （2010 四川）Because of theheavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break she got to her office.B. thatC. whencould receover and

21、 retum to work.A. sinceD. until（2） .（09 江蘇） Because of the financial crisis, days are gone5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A.ifB. whenC. whichD. sincelocal.（08 福建）Nancy enjoyedfriends in Sydney last year.A. thatB. whichherself so muchshe visited herC. whenD. where（4）. （08 遼寧）I usedto d

22、on t feel it that waylove that filmI was a child,but Iany more.A.onceB. whenD. although（5） .（2007 安徽）The field research will take Joan and Paulfive months; it will be a long time_we meet them again.A. afterB. BeforeC. Since（6） .（2007 江西）He was told that it wouldmonthsheC. sinceaboutD. whenbe at leas

23、t threemoreA.whenB.beforeC. sinceD.that答案：CBCBBModule 4 Fine Arts-Western, Chinese and Pop Arts 語法點： -ing 形式和 to do形式(1) .Volunteering gives you a chance_ lives, including your own. (2013北京)A. change B. changingC. changed D. to change(2) .When we saw the road_ with snow, we decided to spend theholid

24、ay at home. (2013 北京)A. blockB. to blockC. blockingD. blocked(3) ._ basic first-aid techniques will help yourespond quickly to emergencies. (2013 福建)A. KnownB. Having knownC. KnowingD. Being known(4) .The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hard-edged shadows on the ground. (2013 新課標 I 卷)A. throwing B

25、. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown(5) .I got to the office earlier that day,_ the 7:30 train from Paddington.(2013 新課標 II 卷)A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught(1) 答 案 D解析:考查非謂語動詞。意為：志愿者工作讓你有一個可以改變生活 的機會，包括你自己的生活。動詞不定式作chance 后置定語。答案 D解析:考查非謂語動詞。此處非謂語動詞作賓補，動詞block 與 see的賓

26、語 the road 之間為被動關系，構成短語 see sb/ sth done。故選 D。.答案 C解析:考查非謂語動詞。此句謂語為will help，因此所選非謂語動詞做主語，故使用動名詞，答案選 C。(4) 答案 A解析:考查非謂語動詞。主語sunlight 與 throw shadows 之間為主動關系，故選 A。(5) .答案 D解析:考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，因為我趕上了7:30 的車，所以那天我更早地到了辦公室，可知趕車發(fā)生在到辦公室之前，且與主語I 之間為主動關系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞完成體表主動完成。Module 5 Newspapers and Magazines語法點：1.時間

27、狀語從句(1) .The girl had hardly rung the bell_the door was opened suddenly,and her friend rushed out to greet her.(2010 福建)A. before B. until C. asD. since(2) . Mary made coffee_ her guests were finishing their meal.(2010全國 I)A. so that B although C. while D. as if.John thinks it won t be long _ he is

28、ready for his new job.(2010陜西)A. when B. after C. before D. since(4) . There were some chairs left over_ everyone had sat down.(08 四川)A. when B. until C. that D. where(5) .Peter was so excited_ he received invitation from his friend tovisit Chongqing.(09 重慶)A. where B. that C. why D. When答案：ACCAD2.

29、原因狀語從句(1)_ . I won tcall you,somethingunexpected happens.(07 全國I26)A.unless B.whether C.because D.while答案 A解析 句意為：我不會給你打電話的，除非有無法預料的事情發(fā)生。unless 除非，相當于 if.not。Did you return Fred sail?I didn need to_ I llsee him tomorrow. (08 北京 23)A. thoughB. unless C. whenD. because答案 D解析 因為 I llsee him tomorrow 是

30、I didn need to 的原因，故該 空格處用 because 表示原因。Module 6 Films and TV Programmes語法點：1.頻率副詞和地點副詞(1) can_ be a teacherJ mnot a very patient person. (09 湖 南24)A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always答案 C解析 句意為：我絕不會成為一名教師。因為我不是一個很有耐心的人。seldom 表示很少；ever 表示一永遠 用在肯定句中；never 表示絕 不，從來沒有；always 表示總是。(2) .Ive been writing

31、 this report_for the last two weeks ,but it has to behanded it tomorrow. ( 2011 浙江，13)A. finally B. immediately C. occasionally D. certainly2.副詞和副詞短語(1) .The form cannot be signed by anyone_ yourself. (2011 全 國卷,30)A.rather thanB.other than C.more than D.better than答案：B解析：考查副詞短語的辨義。句意為一這張表格只能由你自己本人簽

32、字。rather than 而不；other than 除了，相當于 but 和 except;more than 不僅僅；better than 比多、好。(2) .It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is _ another to play it well yourself. （2011 全國卷 11,12）A. quite B. very C. rather D. much 答案：A解析：考查程度副詞的區(qū)別。句意為一欣賞好的音樂是一回事，但 是親自把它演奏好完全是另一回事。表示很，非常時，very 用來修飾形容

33、詞、副詞或分詞形容詞，much 用來修飾形容詞或副詞的比較 級、最高級，也可修飾形容詞性的過去分詞或描述性形容詞的原級。quite 和 rather 都可修飾名詞，但 rather 多用于貶義。another 指的是 another thing，這個名詞受 quite 的修飾。（3） . Mr. Stevenson is great to work for.I really couldnt ask for a_boss. （2011 全國卷 11,17）A. better B. good C. best D. still better答案：A解析：考查比較級的否定用法。句意為一為 Steven

34、son 先生工作真好，我實在找不到比他更好的老板了。否定詞 couldnt 與 better 連用，表示一非常好，等于最高級。 still better 不能用于否定句中。（4）.At the railway station， the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was_ .（08 天津 15）A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place 答案 A解析 out of sight 看不見； out of reach 夠不到； out of

35、 order 雜亂， 出 故障； out of place不在原來的地方，不恰當。句意為：在火車站， 這位母親揮手向她的女兒告別，直到火車看不見為止。（5）. Hi， Mark.How was the musical evening?Excellent! Alex and Andy performed_and they won the first prize. （08 安徽 27）A.skillfully B.commonly C.willingly D.nervously答案 A解析 句意為：一喂，馬克！音樂晚會如何？太棒了！亞歷克斯和安迪表演得很嫻熟，他們得了第一名 必修三Module 1

36、 Europe語法點：1.被動語態(tài)的一般式和過去式（1）. The way the guests_ in the hotel influenced their evaluationof the service. （2009 北京）A. treatedB. were treated C. would treat D. would betreated（2）_. Would youplease keep silent? The weather report_ and Iwant to listen. （2009 湖南）A. is broadcastB. is being broadcastC. ha

37、s been broadcastD. had been broadcast（3）_ . I like these English songs andthey_ many times on the radio.（2008 安徽）A. taughtB. have taught C. are taught D. havebeen taught（4）_.Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future_to the well-educated. （2009 重慶）A. belongsB. is belonged C. is be

38、longing D. will bebelonged（5）_ . The watercool when I jumped into the pool for morningexercise. （2006 全國）A. was felt B. is feltC. feltD. feels【答案與解析】1. B. The guests 與 treat 之間是被動關系，并且動作發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時的被動形式。2. B.前句要求對方保持安靜，說明此時正在播放天氣預報，theweather report 與 broadcast 之間是被動關系，故選 B。3. D. teach songs（教唱歌曲

39、）是動賓關系，應使用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意，“到現(xiàn)在為止已經教唱了多次”，應使用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選D。4. A.句意：Williams 教授不斷告訴學生們未來屬于受過良好教育的人。教授所說的話是一個普遍的事實。belong to 沒有被動語態(tài)形式，也沒有進行時態(tài)形式，故A 項正確。5. C. feel cold 為系表結構，沒有被動語態(tài)形式。jumped 提示時間為過去，故選 C。2.主謂一致(1) .Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains,_some of its store open 24 hours on

40、 Mondays through Saturdays.(2012 安徽)A. keepsB. keepC. have keptD. had kept(2) . The basketball coach, as well as his team,_ interviewed shortlyafter the match for their outstanding performance. (2012 陜西)A. wereB. wasC. isD. are(3) . All the scientific evidence_ that increasing use of chemicals infar

41、ming_damaging our health. (2012 湖南)A. show; are B. shows; areC. show; isD.shows; is(4) . The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of whichsaved forother purposes. (201 安徽卷)A. isB. are C. wasD. were(5) .One third of the country_ covered with trees and the majority ofthe citizens_ bl

42、ack people. (201 湖南卷)A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is(6) .Barbara is easy to recognize as she s the only one of the wome_ evening dress.(2010 全國)Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries語法點：形容詞和副詞的比較級(1) . Our neighbour has_ours. (2003 北京)A. as a big house asB. as big a house asC. the s

43、ame big house asD. a house the same big as解析：由句式結構判斷，選Bo(2) . It is generally believed that teaching is_ it is a science. (2001全國)A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much anart as 解析：由固定搭配“ as+形容詞/an+)名詞+as ”可排除選項 A,B 和 Co答案是 Do(3) . I have worked with him for some time an

44、d have found that he isthan John. (2004 上海春)A. more efficiently a worker B. a more efficient workerC. more an efficient worker D. a worker more efficient 解析：形容詞(efficient)作定語應當是在名詞(work)前冠詞 后，efficient 的比較級當然是在其前面加more。答案是 B。(4) . Although Linda tried hard in the exam, she did _ than herbrother. (20

45、00 上海春)A. more badly B. much better C. much badly D. much worse 解析：由 than 可知用比較級，排除選項 C; badly 的比較級是 worse, 而不是在前面加 more,排除選項 A;由 although(雖然. 但是.)可知，她比她兄弟考得差，排除選項B。答案是 Do(5) . The pianos in the other shop will be_ , but_ (1990 全A.wear B.wears答案：ABDDABC.has wornD.have worn國)A. cheaper; not as better

46、B. more cheap; not as betterC. cheaper; not as goodD. more cheap; not as good解析：單音節(jié)詞 cheap 的比較級不是在前面加 more 而是在后面加 er, 排除選項 B和 D ;又因 asa 之間要用原級， 排除 A。 注意前空后 省略了 than those in this shop,后空后省略了 as those in this shop 答 案是 CoModule 3 The Violence of Nature語法點：賓語從句（1）.What did you parents think about your

47、 decision?（06 全國H）They always let me do_I think I should.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what（2）.PIease remind me_he said he was goingto see him off. （ 06 全國I）A . whereB . whenD . what3 . Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win thegame.（05 全國卷）A . why B . what C . who D . that4 . Someone is ringing

48、 the doorbell Go and see_（2000 上海）A . who is he B . who he is C . who is it D . whoit is5 .- We haven t heard from Jane for a long time.-What do you consider_ to her? （NMET 1990 ）A . was happeningB . to happen C . has happenedD . happening答案：DBADCModule 4 Sandstorms in Asia語法點：動詞不定式I may be in timeC

49、 . howto do 表示主動to be done 表示被動to be doing 表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生to have doneto have been done 不定式完成式所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的 動作之前發(fā)生(1) . (12 江西)Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the newstudents.A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken(2) . (12 湖南)Weve had a goo

50、d start, but next, more work needs_toachieve the final success.A. being done B. doC. to be doneD. todo(3) . (12 四丿丨丨)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only_ his plane highup in the sky.A. findingB. to findC. being foundD. to havefound(4) . (12 陜西)22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice bu

51、tan evengreater challenge.A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD. to meet(5) . (12 全國 ll)The old man sat in front of the television every evening,happy_ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to havewatched(6) .(11 北京卷 )It s important for the figures_regularly.A. to be updatedB. to h

52、ave been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated(7) .(11 上海卷)Today we have chat rooms, text messaigg, emailing butwe seem_the art of communicating face-to-face.lost參考答案1-7. CCBDABDModule 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China語法點：定語從句(1) . (10 江西 31) The girl arranged to have piano lesson

53、s at the trainingcentre with her sister_she would stay for an hour.A whereB whoC whichD what答案：A考點：考察定語從句。解析：先行詞為 centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺賓語或主語，故要填狀語，表地點用 where。(2) .( 10 山東 24)That s the new machine_ parts are too small to be seen.A. thatB. whichC. whose D. What答案：C考點：本題考查定語從句的引導詞。解析：句

54、意應為“那就是那臺零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機器?！笨崭裉幰龑ФㄕZ從句并且在從句中作定語使用，所以使用whose。(3) .( 10 山東 38)Wind power is an ancient source of energy _we may return in thenear future.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. fromwhichA. losing B. to be losingC. to be lostD. having答案：C考點：此處考查的是介詞加疑問詞引導從句解析：考察介詞 +which 的用法。=Wind power is an a

55、ncient source of energywhichthat we may return to in the near future.o(4) . (10 天津 8)- Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?- You should try the barber _ Igo.lt s only 15.A. asB. which C. whereD. that答案：C考點：考查定語從句。句意：一你能相信我理一次發(fā)得花20 美元嗎？一你應該到我去的那家理發(fā)店試試，只需要 15 美元。解析：句中 the barber 是先行詞

56、，從句中 go 是不及物動詞，所 選關系代詞在從句中作狀語，所以要用where。(5) .( 10 四川 10)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling， turned out tobe a wise decisionA . thatB. whichC. whenD . where答案：B考點：考查定語從句。解析：此處應為 which 引導的非限制性定語從句，which 代替前邊整個句子。句意為：“大學畢業(yè)后，我們休假一段時間去旅游，這結 果證明是一個明智的決定?！?6) . (10 全國 I 24

57、) As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ isnamed after his grandfather.A. which B. where C. what D. that答案：A句意：還是孩子的時候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的鄉(xiāng)村學校學習。解答：根據(jù)選項此題考察從句，空格設置在名詞 school 后，且 school后有逗號，此題考查非限定性定語從句。定語從句所修飾的先行詞 是 school，它在定于從句中做主語，因此使用關系代詞，選項中的 關系代詞只有 which 和 that,由于是非限定性定語從句，不能使用 that,因此選擇 A

58、。Module 6 Old and New語法點：條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句(1) . You vetried it , you can timagine how pleasant it is. (06 北 京33)A.Unless B.Because C.Although D.When 答案 A解析 unless=if not 除非；because 因為；although 盡管；when 既然。句意為：你很難想像有多么快樂，除非你已經試過. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，_they knew it to be valuable. (

59、07 浙江 8)A.as ifB.now that C.even though D.so that答案 C解析 本題考查連詞的用法。句意為：他們中的許多人不聽他的建議， 盡管他們知道那很有價值。as if 好像；now that 既然；even though盡管；so that 結果是。(3) . I really don tlike art， I find his work impressive.(07 山東 29)A.AsB.Since C.If D.While答案 D解析 while 在此意為“盡管”，相當于 althougho句意為：盡管我不 是真正地喜歡藝術，但我覺得他的作品確實能打

60、動人。(4) . This is a very interesting book .I lbuy it , _ .(06 陜 西20)A.how much may it costB.no matter how it may costC.however much it may costD.how may it cost答案 C解析 句意為：無論它可能花多少錢，我都買它。本題A 項錯誤在于用了倒裝語序；B 項錯誤在于遺漏了much ； D 項也遺漏了no mattermuch。(5) _ ,I have to put it away and focus my attention on study